• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the perception and attitudes between university students and their mothers. Subjects were consisted of 375 university students and 305 mothers living in Chungbuk area. SPSSWIN program was used for data analysis and the frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation and verified t-test, $X^2$ were utilized. It was shown that both of two groups want a modern style for the wedding. And they prefer the weekend and holidays as a wedding day. University students hope that they will be ready for the expense by themselves with a little help from their parents for the shortage of wedding expense.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.85-89
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of nonviolent communication(NVC) program consisted of communication competency, relationship and anger in 48 nurses. Data were collected by Choe(2004)'s Communication Competency Scale, Ju(2005)'s Relationship Scale and anger of Visual Analogue Scale. Statistic analysis consisted of average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, paired t-test using SPSS 21 program were done. After NVC program, nurses's communication competency(p=.000) and relation (p=.000) were improved. Nurse's anger was lowered(p=.000). The results will provide the basic data to develop the Mini-NVC programs for various work fields as like ER, ICU nurses and will provide the evidences for safe and non-violent work environment and more related studies.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2006

Daily and seasonal variations of the ambient gamma ray exposure rates were measured by using a pressurized ion chamber from January 2003 to December 2005 in the CheongJu Regional Radiation Monitoring Post and the patterns of the distributions were studied. The annual average of the daily variation of the exposure rate was $\sim0.17{\mu}R/h$. The exposure rate was found to be maximum during 8:00 am to 9:00 am and minimum during 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm. For the annual data, the exposure rate was the minimum during the month of February. The exposure rate increased from February to mid-October (except during the period from May to July with no change) and decreased from October to February. The seasonal variation was found to be about $1{\mu}R/h$. Most of the measured values (96%) of the exposure rates fell under the normal distribution with a deviation of less than 4.8% and the remaining 4% had large fluctuations caused mainly by the rainfalls.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.211-214
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• 2005

This research studied robust design of composite structure under combined loading of bending and torsion. DOE (Design of Experiment) technique was used to find important design factors. The results show that the beam height, beam width, layer thickness and stack angle of outer-layer are important design parameter. The $2^{nd}$ DOE and RSM (Response Surface Model) were conducted to obtain optimum design. Multi-island genetic algorithm was used to optimum design. An approximate value of 6.65 mm in deflection was expected under optimum condition. Six sigma robust design was conducted to find out guideline for control range of design parameter. To acquire six sigma level reliability, the sigma level reliability, the standard deviation of design parameter should be controlled within 2.5 % of average design value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.339-343
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• 2000

Rapid prototyping for welding and milling is a hybrid approach that makes use of welding as additive and conventional milling as subtractive technique. For two years this concept has been used to verify manufacturing mold and mechanical parts successfully. In latest new fabrication methods. For example, manufacturing mold for two sort of materials and shell fabrication, have been applied to the concept in KIST. This methods will be an alternative proposal in rapid prototyping. Metal deposition for welding causes the part to deform. It is a handicap in our proceeding. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we represent an optimal welding path for FEM analysis. Eight paths are tried to this and the value of deformation is average and standard deviation in four points'. Then we can compare with eight cases and select the optimal path.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.836-840
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• 2006

Design optimization of layered plates bonding process is conducted to achieve high product quality by considering uncertainties in a manufacturing process. During the cooling process of the sequential sub-processes, different thermal expansion coefficients lead to residual stress and displacement. thus resulting in defects on the surface of the adherent. So robust process optimization is performed to minimize the residual stress mean and variation of the assembly while constraining the distortion as well as the instantaneous maximum stress to the allowable limits. In robust process optimization, the dimension reduction (DR) method is employed to quantify both reliability and quality of the layered plate bonding. Using this method. the average and standard deviation is estimated. Response surface is constructed using the statistical data obtained by the DRM for robust objectives and constraints. from which the optimum solution is obtained.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2015

This paper presents a practical method for estimation of average temperature in the permanent magnet (PM) of electric machine by using finite element analysis (FEA) and dynamo load experiment. First of all, the temperature effect of PM to the torque has been employed by FEA in order to evaluate the Temperature-Torque characteristic curve. The 1st order polynomial equation which is torque attenuation coefficient is derived by the FEA result of the Temperature-Torque curve. Next, torque saturation test with constant current condition is performed by dynamo load experiment. Then, the temperature trend can be estimated by adding the initial starting temperature using the torque attenuation coefficient and torque saturation curve. Lastly, estimated temperature is validated by infrared thermometer which measures temperature of PM surface. The comparison between the estimated result and experimental result gives a good agreement within a deviation of maximum $8^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.865-866
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to implement the system that could evaluate the function of urinary tract with noninvasive and comfort methods. There for in this study hardware device and computer software have been developed that enables the analysis of the urine flow rate and vesical pressure signal measured during voiding. These signals were recorded simultaneously and transmitted to the PC. For the measurement system evaluation, the model system for the lower urinary system of men was designed. From the evaluation of the model system, vesical pressure was correlated with the occlusion degree. In a pilot study on 5 male subjects, means of standard deviation was 1.06, average error rate was 2.09 and coefficient variation was 2.09.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.617-624
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• 2014

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology provides much of the benefits seen in advanced packaging, such as three-dimensional integrated circuits and 3D packaging, with shorter interconnection paths for homo- and heterogeneous device integration. In TSV, a destructive cross-sectional analysis of an image from a scanning electron microscope is the most frequently used method for quality control purposes. We propose a quantitative evaluation method for TSV etch profiles whereby we consider sidewall angle, curvature profile, undercut, and scallop. A weighted sum of the four evaluated parameters, nominally total score (TS), is suggested for the numerical evaluation of an individual TSV profile. Uniformity, defined by the ratio of the standard deviation and average of the parameters that comprise TS, is suggested for the evaluation of wafer-to-wafer variation in volume manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2002

Images taken by geostationary satellite may be used to estimate solar irradiance fluxes at earth's surface. It is based on the empirical correlation between a satellite derived cloud index and the irradiance at the ground. For the validation. estimated solar radiation fluxes are compared with observed solar radiation fluxes at 16 sites over the Korean peninsular from January 1982 to December 2000. Estimated solar radiation fluxes show reliable results for estimating the global radiation with average deviation of -5.6 to +2.8% from the measured values and the yearly averaged horizontal global insolation of Korean peninsula was turned out to be $3.038kcal/m^2.day$.