• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

We study the integration problem in which one wants to compute the approximation to the definite integral in the average case setting. We choose the composite Newton- Cotes quadratures as our algorithm and the function values at equally spaced sample points on the given interval［0, 1］as information. We compute the average case error of composite Newton-Cotes quadratures and show that it is minimal (modulo a multi-plicative constant).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.291-303
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• 2014

In this paper, through a direct computation with subintervals partitioning [0, 1], we compute better a posteriori bounds for the average case error of the difference between the true value of $I(f)=\int_{0}^{1}f(x)dx$ with $f{\in}C^r$[0, 1] minus the composite trapezoidal rule and the composite trapezoidal rule minus the basic trapezoidal rule for $r{\geq}3$ by using zero mean-Gaussian.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.5
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• pp.401-406
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• 2004

Among many algorithms for the integration problems in which one wants to compute the approximation to the definite integral in the average case setting, we study the average case errors of numerical integration rules using interpolation. In particular, we choose the composite Newton-Cotes quadratures and the function values at equally spaced sample points on the given interval as information. We compute the average case error of composite Newton-Cotes quadratures and show that it is minimal(modulo a multiplicative constant).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2022

Background: Case-based learning (CBL) is becoming an important approach for improving interprofessional collaboration education. Previous studies have examined learners' satisfaction with interprofessional education (IPE) in medical institutions. However, there are few studies on the implementation of university-led CBL interventions and their direct effects on learning outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CBL interventions on changes in the participants' perception and knowledge acquisition ability. Methods: The CBL approach consisted of team-based case-based learning, self-directed learning, and post-feedback. It was conducted as a single course for pharmacy students in their 5th year in a university setting. Changes in the participants' perceptions and self-assessments of competence levels were evaluated using survey responses. The effect of the CBL intervention on knowledge acquisition ability was directly evaluated using the exam score. Results: The majority agreed or strongly agreed that team-based case-based learning, and self-directed learning helped them to improve their knowledge and skills to a higher level and to increase the self-assessment of competency level. The average score of knowledge acquisition ability (average score of 75.0, p=0.0098) was significantly higher in the CBL intervention group than the lecture-based learning intervention group (average score of 52.0). Conclusion: The participants positively perceived that CBL intervention helped them to effectively improve their knowledge and the self-assessment of competency level. It also enhanced knowledge acquisition ability. These data, based on the survey responses, suggest that it is necessary to implement CBL interventions in a university-led single professional education.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2003

We show that if ${\gamma}$ $\leq$ 2, the average error of the composite Trapezoidal rule on two consecutive intervals is proportional to h$\^$2h+3/ where h is the length of each subinterval of the interval [0, 1]. As a result, we show that the Trapezoidal rule with equally spaced points is optimal in the average case setting when ${\gamma}$ $\leq$ 2.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.903-911
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• 1998

We show that if r $\leq$ 2, the average error of the Trapezoidal rule is proportional to $n^{-min{r＋l, 3}}$ where n is the number of mesh points on the interval [D, 1]. As a result, we show that the Trapezoidal rule with equally spaced points is optimal in the average case setting when r $\leq$ 2.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the difference of time weighted average(TWA) of noise levels and noise doses by the different operating parameter settings such as exchange rate, threshold level and criterion level for noise dosimeter in the field measurements of noise at industrial working environments. The time weighted averages of noise level and noise doses for noise working environments were determined by noise dosimeter on 80 workers employed at 20 industrial establishments of 8 industries. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean time weighted average(TWA) of the noise working environments by the operating parameter settings showed 93.4 dB(A) in 3 dB of exchange rate, 80 dB of threshold level and 90dB of criterion level 92.0 dB(A) in 3 dB-exchange rate, 90 dB-threshold level and 90 dB-criterion level, in 90.8 dB(A) in 5 dB of exchange rate, 80 dB of threshold level and 90 dB of criterion level, and 86.7 dB(A) in 5 dB of exchange rate, 90 dB of threshold level and 90dB of criterion level. 2. ln group of noise level less than 90 dB(A), mean TWAs of 80 dB of threshold level were significantly higher than that of 90 dB of threshold level in 3 dB and 5 dB of exchange rate. 3. The case exceeded threshold limit value of noise was 49(61.3 %) in 3dB, 80dB and 90 dB setting, 44(55.0 %) in 3 dB, 90 dB, 90 dB setting, 33(41.3 %) in 5 dB, 80dB, 90 dB setting and 26(32.5%) in 5 dB, 90 dB, 90 dB setting. Above considerations in mind, it is suggested that exchange rate and threshold level be specified in related laws and regulations in the evaluation of working environments noise.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.705-708
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• 2005

In the case that construcion period is delayed because of the force majeure such as a typhoon or a flood, the owners in general should compensate the damages caused by those. But with exception the weather worsening of ordinary level is paid by contractors, while that of exceptional level by the owners. It is critical that it is difficult to distinguish objectively between ordinary and exceptional level weather worsening. Although the term of "ordinary" itself is too abstractive, we can reduce the disputes between owners and contractors by setting the appropriate and objective standard of distinction. For example in the case of rainfall it may be the standard of distinction whether the days of actual rainfall exceed those of average rainfall or not. If the days of actual rainfall don't exceed those of average rainfall contracters should pay the damages because it is distinguished with a ordinary level weather worsening. Besides the standard of distinction in another weather worsening such as severe cold/hot, strong wind etc. which have a effect on delaying the term of works could be settled as a similar model.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2004

We discuss complete convergence of weighted sums for arrays of ø-mixing random variables. As application, we obtain the complete convergence of moving average processes for ø-mixing random variables. The result of Baum and Katz (1965) as well as the result of Li et al. (1992) on iid case are extended to ø-mixing setting.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.235-247
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• 1996

Many numerical computations in science and engineering can only be solved approximately since the available infomation is partial. For instance, for problems defined ona space of functions, information about f is typically provided by few function values, $N(f) = [f(x_1), f(x_2), \ldots, f(x_n)]$. Knwing N(f), the solution is approximated by a numerical method. The error between the true and the approximate solutions can be reduced by acquiring more information. However, this increases the cost. Hence there is a trade-off between the error and the cost.