• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition and satisfaction of the lower body shapes of male college students. The subjects in this study were 178 male college students. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of recognition and satisfaction of girth items in lower part of the body scored average. Subjects tended to be dissatisfied with their height. 2. The degree of satisfaction of waist girth and weight was influenced by the real body size than the degree of recognition. And abdomen girth, hip girth, ankle girth, leg length, hight, crotch length were affected by the degree of recognition than the real body size. 3. Subjects were more satisfied with standard lower body type than with lean and obese ones.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2008

This study conducted a survey to compare the size of ready-made clothes for different body shapes and body sizes, and to discover the differences in satisfaction with the size of ready-made clothes. The subjects were women in their 208 and 308 from Busan and Gyeongnam. The women were classified into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese, using the Body Mass Index (BMI). The comparison of the body size showed a significant difference among the shapes; the average BMI in overweight women was 24.2 while that of obese women was 27.6. For the clothing size for each body shape, obese women most often wore size 77 and size 88, regardless of the sizes of upper and lower garments. The size consistency of upper and lower garments was the lowest in obese women. However, in most of the shapes, women tended to choose larger-sizes for lower garments than for upper ones. The more obese the subject, the less inclined they were to wear garments for their real body size. Satisfaction with the clothing size was significantly different between body shapes; the more obese, the lower the level of satisfaction with the size. As well, satisfaction with the fit of clothing at certain parts was shown to be low especially in the bust measurement, shoulder width, upper garment length, crotch length, and thigh circumference. When surveyed about the use of alterations for different body shapes, the results were that over 65% of subjects did not alter upper garments regardless of their body shape. Comparatively, 68% or above of all body shapes did do alterations to lower garments for example, the length of pants or skirts.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2003

With rapid expansion in e-retailing of apparel business, the virtual fitting model is used for comparing fit of the selected garments. The researchers experimented women's perceived body size for developing virtual fitting model. 50 women who were 20's in age were participated in the experiment They were graduate students with clothing & textile major. The results of this study showed that the subjects perceived themselves with fuller figure at waist or hips and with shorter figure at waist height than their actual body site. Many subjects believed that their body sizes were close to the average site. Especially, subjects whose abdomen girth of hip girth was much larger than average thought that they have relatively flat abdomen. It was concluded that not only the user's body measurements but also user's perception on their figure type are needed to be considered in the process of developing virtual fitting model for e-retailing of apparel. It was expected that the virtual fitting model of extraordinary size body would not be accepted by the female consumers even though they are extra large or small size person in reality.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.15-33
• /
• 2016

Women in their 30s and 40s, who are at the center of "ageless" and "down-aging" consumer trends, are likely to encounter problems with fitting and size conformity when they wear casual clothes targeting women in their 20s. Hence, differences in upper body sizes and body types between women in their 20s and women in their 30s and 40s were analyzed. The data for this study was from the 6th Size Korea survey of body measurements of 1,675 female adults in their 20s-40s. SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used for analysis of the collected data. To examine differences in average upper body size between women in their 20s and women in their 30s and 40s, descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests were conducted. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types by age groups. Comparing direct measurement items showed that women in their 20s tend to have higher average values for most height-related items-including body height-and lower average values for circumference, thickness, and width than women in their 30s and 40s. Factors in determining the upper body shapes of women in their 20s to 40s were narrowed to five; through a cluster analysis, upper body shapes of women were classified into three body types as follows. Type 1 women are shorter and thinner with small frames; Type 2 women have the highest vertical values for their upper bodies and average values for obesity-related categories of circumference, thickness, and width. Type 3 women are the shortest and has the highest body mass index (BMI), verifiable as obese. By analyzing differences in body type distribution according to age groups, it was found that more than 90% of women in their 20s belong to Types 1 and 2. On the other hand, most women in their 30s and 40s are identified as Type 3.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.7
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2002

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. In order to improve clothing fitness, it's very important to suggest a systematical sizing system. The Purpose of this study was to suggest a standard sizing system for junior-high school girls'lower clothes. The subjects were 402 middle-high school girls of 13 to 15 year-old. 4 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis and the sizing system was classified according to four lower body types. The size intervals of waist girth and hip girth were 3cm and 4cm respectively. The most frequent size were 64-86 in the short and small figure type 1,67-90 in the fattest figure type 2, 61-86 in the average size type 3 and 64-90 in type 4 taller than others types. The sizing system, which had frequencies more than 4%, was classified 9 cases, 11 cases, 8 cases and 9 cases respectively by lower body types. This result will contribute to clothing fitness of consumer and the amount of production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.768-777
• /
• 2019

This study established a lower garment sizing system for elderly men over 65 years of age based on 535 males selected from the 5th Korean Anthropometric survey. The results are as follows. Most elderly men body measurements were smaller for adult males (except for the waist area); however, abdominal obesity has changed to body type. The standard deviation was applied around the average values of waist circumference and hip circumference for the suggestion of a lower garment sizing system for elderly men. The interval between the designation was ${\pm}2.5cm$ with an average waist circumference of 86 cm and ${\pm}2cm$ with an average hip circumference of 92 cm. A total of 13 designation sections were established in consideration of the cover ratio and cover efficiency. The cover ratio in the 13 nominal sections was 77.2%. The segmental distribution rate presented in the results will also be useful for production planning in specific sizes and enable rational production.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.287-296
• /
• 2015

Although rotifers have been considered the best feeding option for several species of fishes in aquaculture, they are sometimes larger than appropriate for the early larval stage of some marine fishes. Thus, we aimed to determine whether size-based selection of the parents could affect the average body size of their progeny in two clonal populations of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis. From each of the clones, 20 individuals were bi-directionally selected toward both smaller and larger sizes and each individual-based selection was conducted for 10 consecutive generations. The results showed that although there were sometimes differences in mean body size between parents and their progeny, no directional trend was observed in all selected lines of both clones. We demonstrated that artificial selection in a rotifer stock cannot lead to an expected size range although they appear to exhibit a large degree of body size polymorphism.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2006

This study is done to classify the upper body shapes for late elementary schoolgirls. The sampling was done for 11~12 years-old-girls resident in Busan and Kyungnam. Based on the somatometric charateristics of them, 33 anthropometic and 7 photogrphic measurment data were acquired from every girl. These data are statistically analyzed with the following methods; Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis. Resulting from the factor analysis, it is shown that 79.95% of the whole variances can be explained with 8 factors. Through the cluster analysis, 3 types of upper body shapes can be categorized as follows: Type I has average horizontal size, big vertical size and lots of protruded chest ; Type III has big horizontal size, the mean vertical size, and big upper angle of the back ; Type II has small horizontal and vertical size and long surface length of the upper body. Through the discriminant analysis, the high discriminative items in discriminant function are follows: Upper chest circumference, arm length and waist front length of discriminant function I and waist depth, front length, back breadth, nipple to nipple breadth and upper chest circumference of discriminant function II have large coefficient values.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1303-1314
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study lies in examining the characteristics of differentiated body types for plus-size women and obtaining basic data for the wide-ranging choices of ready-made clothing in a consumer's place. The results of this study displayed no significant differences for subjects in their 30s and 40s in comparison to standards by ages but showed a significant difference with subjects in their 50s when compared with the data from Size Korea (2004). Research data in the height and length categories were lower, and the majority of data from the other categories were higher. In order to analyze the characteristics of a plus-size woman's body, 4 factors were differentiated into 3 types with 17 categories: Factor 1 was the element of the thickness of the trunk, factor 2 was the element of the thickness of the lower body and legs, factor 3 was the element of shoulder size and factor 4 was the element of the upper body length. The accumulation rate was shown to be 74.47%. The characteristics for each type were as follows: Type 1 is a body type with a relatively thin waist, small width and girth of upper body and curvy lower body, type 2 is the average body type, and type 3 is a body type with big breasts and abdominal obesity. The standard body type belonged to type 2. According to the correspondency test between age and type, the characteristics of type 1 corresponded relatively close to the measures of subjects in their 40s and relatively far from subjects in their 30s to 50s while type 2 and type 3 appeared to be similar to subjects in their 50s.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.56
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1997

To exanime in vivo tissue reactions of glass fibers, we injected glass fibers to rats subcutaneously. We made fibers of average dimensions of approximately $2{\mu}m$ in diameter and $60{\mu}m$ in length. After instilation of glass fiber we sacrificed rats sequentially at 1, 3 and 6 months. At 1 month after injection of glass fibers, the exposure area turned to yellow color and formed well-demarcated round mass. The average size of the mass was $1\times0.3cm$. Grossly detectable mass was decreased in size at 6 months compared to 1 or 3 months. Microscopically, strong foreign body reaction to glass fibers, inflammation and fibrosis were observed until 6 months. Foreign body reaction was increased up to 3 months, but it was decreased after 6 months. In scanning electron microscope, there was many bundles of glass fibers around the inflammation area, but the size of glass fibers were gradually reduced from 1 month to 6 months. These results suggest that subcutaneous exposure of glass fiber can provoke strong tissue reaction including foreign body granulomas, inflammation and fibrosis. But glass fiber itself did not produce any neoplastic changes.