• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-71
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• 1983

Physicochemical properties of soil, mineral cyclings, production of plants, and relationship between sodium(Na) content and progresses of plant communities were studied in a coastal salt marsh in Incheon. Contents of Na, available phosphorus(A-P) and value of electric conductivity of soil decreased in order of Salicornia herbacea, Limonium tetragonum, Phragmites communis and Zoysia sinica communities, but contents of organic matter, total nitrogen(T-N) and calcium(Ca) of soil were vice versa. Specise diversity index decreased with increase of Na content of soil with correlation coefficient of -0.82. The aboveground biomass of plant communities were 2,981 g.dw/$m^2$ in P. communis, 1,471 g.dw/$m^2$ in Z. sinica, 189g.dw/$m^2$ in S. herbacea and 71 g.dw/$m^2$ L. tetragonum, respectively. Seasonal changes of contents of inorganic nutrients per unit land area coincided with those of biomass of plant communities, however, the maximum contents of K occured earlier than the maximum biomass. Amounts of inorganic nutrients absorbed by plant were directly proportion to its biomass and it was true to reverse in restored amounts of them to soil. In turnover times of nutrients of the communities, it took the shortest time for P but the longest for Ca and P. communis community took the shortest but L. tetragonum the longest. For example, in P. communis turover time of P took one year and that of Na 1,440 years. Lack of P element, therefore, was expected in this study area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.755-768
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• 1998

Nitrogen and phosphorus are major nutrients in animal feeds which partially remain in the environment as pollution. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus along with energy are the main nutrients which determine the feed cost. Any decreases in the levels of these three nutrients can contribute to reducing the pollution problem as well as the cost of feed. The nutrient requirements for chickens in the work here reported should allow for the addition of mixed enzymes (phytases, proteases, glucanases, xylanases and others). Such minimal levels of crude protein in the research results which are here reported are 16% for 0-6 weeks of age, 13.5% for 7-12 weeks of age, 11.5% for 13-18 weeks of age for layer type chicks, 13% for layer, 18% for 0-3 weeks of age broiler and 16.5% for 4-7 weeks of age broiler. These research projects have been done without adding enzyme supplements to their experimental diets. The minimal values of phosphorus, shown as available phosphorus, are 0.25% for pullets, 0.09% for layers and 0.25% for broilers with the addition of phytase. The minimum energy requirement (metabolizable energy) for reducing the feed cost could be summarized as 2,750 kcal per kg feed for pullets, 2,800 kcal for layers and 2,700 kcal for broilers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.529-539
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• 1997

The present study was to formulate a computer program to provide a menu based on a food preference survey of families in urban areas. A food preference survey was conducted by individual direct interviews of infants, children and old people in this study. In case other's food preferences were available, food menus considering all age groups could be made. Database III PLUS package was utilized for this study. The dBASE was loaded with a food compostion table of 339 different food items, along with data for amino acids and fatty acids for 171 and 43 food items respectively. Food preference, unit of food, and recommended dietary allowances were also incloded. This meun program system calculates nutrients in selected foods, and menu assessment was composed of several factors inculding energy ratio of carbohydrate : protein : fat, amino acid score, limiting amino acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid(JP/S) ratio and Ca/P ratio.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 1998

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Palmiwon on the type 1-prediabetic models induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in RINm5F cells and HIT-T15 cells. Palmiwon increased the cell proliferation and insulin release when pre- and post-treated for the STZ-exposed pancreatic beta cells. The cell proliferation and insulin release of these beta cells were measured by $^3$H-thymidine uptake and RIA, respectively. We also analyzed nutrients such as sugars, fatty acid and amino acids and minerals containing in Palmiwon using by gas chromatography, amino acid analyzer and AA spectrometer, respectively. Palmiwon seems to have protective and recovery properties on the prediabetic model in cellular level, which were ascribe to various nutrients and minerals containing in Palmiwon. From these results, it could be suggested that Palmiwon may be available as preventive and therapeutic prescription of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 1986

This study was intended to find out the effects of the inorganic nutrients in the soil and root on the available constituents contents in Angelica gigas Nakai. The correlation between the contents of decursin and decursinol in roots of the wild and cultivated and the inorganic nutrients contents in the soils and roots was investigated. The contents of decursin in the dried root of the wild was higher than that of the cultivated. The ammonium nitrogen contents in soil and the decursin contents in root had the significant negative correlation, whereas the significant positive correlation was obtained the available phosphorus contents. The significant negative correlation was obtained between the decursin contents and the nitrogen contents of root, and the significant positive correlation between the decursin contents and the contents of phosphorus or potassium in roots.

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

Microalgae using a submersible fluorescence probe in water column (up to 100 m) were measured during the austral summer of 2006 (February) in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica (triangular-shaped embayment in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean). Concurrently, environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity and nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) uptake rates were measured. The concentration of phytoplankton is relatively high due to availability of high nutrients and low sea surface temperature. Phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms whereas cryptophytes are in low concentration. The maximum concentration of total chlorophyll is 14.87 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and is attributed to upwelled subsurface winter water due to local wind forcing, availability of micro-nutrients and increased attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). Concentration of blue-green algae is low compared to that of green algae because of low temperature. Comparatively high concentration of yellow substances is due to the influence of Antarctic melt-water whereas cryptophytes are low due to high salinity and mixed water column. Varied concentrations of phytoplankton at different times of Fluoroprobe measurements suggest that the coastal waters of Prydz Bay are influenced by changing sub-surface water temperature and salinity due to subsurface upwelling induced by local winds as also melting/freezing processes in late summer. The productivity is high in coastal water due to the input of macro as well as micro-nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted in the field to investigate the effects of mulched condition on nutrient's mineralization and its mobility as affected by environmental changes (soil moisture and soil temperature) in the plow layer. 1. Nitrogen mineralization was faster owing to the prevention of evaporation and the increase of soil temperature in the poly ethylene mulched plot. As a result, nitrate form of nitrogen was much earlier available for plant in mulched plot than in non mulched plot. 2. Available $P_2O_5$ content in the plow layer was kept highest in the fertilized zone (10-20 cm depth) regardless of difference between mulched and non mulched condition, and was nearly constant without showing difference between planting and non planting of tobacco due to the lower availability of phosphorus by tobacco. 3. Potassium applied in the plow layer was remained a large quantity until the latter growth stage resulting in the lower recovery of potassium by tobacco. 4. Mineralized nutrients such as $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$, and K in the plow layer of mulched plot were transported from the fertilized layer (10-20 cm depth) and accumulated to the surface layer (0-10 cm depth) as the growing time goes by, but those in non mulched plot were distributed to the deeper layer. 5. Mobility of available nutrients in the plow layer was If order as $NO_3-N$ $$\geq_-$$ $NH_4-N$ > K > available $P_2O_5$. 6. Leaching degree of mineralized nutrients in the mulched plot was much lower than in the non mulched plot.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

The excessive use of fertilizer and compost in agricultural land increases the accumulation of nutrients in soil. The surplus nutrients in soil transported through surface and sub-surface flow can lead to water pollution problems and algal bloom. Moreover, nutrient accumulation and continuous crop cultivation changes the physical structure of the soil, which increases the potential of nutrient. The cultivation in the Daecheong Lake reservoir area may have a direct effect on the lake's water quality due to leaching and releasing of nutrients when water level rises. This research was carried out to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil in the agricultural areas surrounding Daecheong Dam reservoir to provide basic data available for the establishment of Daecheong Lake water quality management measures. The soil of the Daecheong Lake reservoir was classified as sandy Loam, where surplus nutrients can be transported. Chemical compositions in the soil were found to be significantly affected by use of different fertilizer amounts. Nutrient outflow occurred during spring rainfall events from the rice paddy fields, whereas excess nutrients from summer to fall seasons originated from dry paddy fields. Nutrient outflow from dry paddy fields is mainly from sub-surface flow. Organic agricultural wastes from agricultural land and excessive vegetation inside the river was also evaluated to contribute to the increase in organic matter and nutrients of the river. The results can be used to select the priority management area designation and management techniques in the Daecheong Lake for water quality improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2000

Animal feed additives are used worldwide for many different reasons. Some help to cover the needs of essential nutrients and others to increase growth performance, feed intake and therefore optimize feed utilization. They can positively effect technological properties and product quality. The health status of animals with a high growth performance is a predominant argument in the choice of feed additives. In many countries the use of feed additives is more and more questioned by the consumers: substances such as antibiotics and $\beta$-agonists with expected high risks are banned in animal diets. Therefore, the feed industry is highly interested in valuable alternatives which could be accepted by the consumers. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives to metabolic modifiers and antibiotics.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

Special formulas are those in which one of the basic nutrients (usually the protein and/or carrbohydrate) has been changed to an alternative nutrient that an individual baby may better tolerate. The following are specialized formulas : Soy formulas, hypoallergenic formulas, Lactose free formulas, Premature baby formulas, Low phosphate formulas, Formulas for inborn errors of metabolism. Less is known about the long-term effects of feeding babies these special formulas and each formula has its unique properties and indications. The pediatrician must acquaint themselves with all commercially available infant formulas so as to provide the parent with reliable and unbiased information about them.