• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music intervention upon lighting on stress. Method : The participants 60 college students, were divided three groups. Two groups were apply each music and bright lighting(bright lighting groups) and music and dark lighting(dark lighting groups) during 13minutes at Snozelen and the other group was control group. Each groups were assessed stress resistance, activity of parasympathetic nerve, activity of sympathetic nerve, balance of ANS, physical arousal by EKG of CANS 3000, at before and after other each intervention. The analyses were performed using version of SPSS 17. Result : The change rate of bright lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in stress resistance compared to control group. And the change rate of dark lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in resistance stress, activity of parasympathetic nerve, and balance of ANS compared to control group and statistically significant increase in stress resistance and activity of parasympathetic nerve compared to bright lighting group. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that music intervention on dark lighting is more effective on decrease of stress than application of bright lighting and general lighting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.237-242
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• 1999

The nature of the interactions between the vestibular and autonomic systems is complex and has not been fully defined. Vestibuloocular reflex induced by sinusoidal rotation and activity of the autonomic nerves in the heart were measured to investigate the interactions between the vestibular system and the autonomic nervous system in healthy adults. Eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation of the whole body or optokinetic stimulation at 0.04 Hz was analyzed in gain, phase, and symmetry. EKG was measured during vestibular stimulation and analyzed in heart rate variability including mean R-R interval, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variance (CV) of R-R interval, and power spectrum of low frequency region (LF) and high frequency region (HF). Gain of eye movement was 0.65${\pm}$0.03 by ratatory stimulation, 0.70${\pm}$0.02 in optokinetic stimulation, 0.08${\pm}$0.02 in visual suppression, and 0.84${\pm}$0.04 in visual enhancement. In R-R interval, resting condition (control) was 0.82${\pm}$0.03 sec, and visual suppression showed significant increase and visual enhancement did significant decrease compared with control (p<0.01).CV was 0.06${\pm}$0.02 in control and visual enhancement increased significantly (p<0.05). In LF/HF control was 1.40${\pm}$0.23, which was not different from rotatory or optokinetic stimulation. But visual suppression decreased LF/HF significantly and visual enhancement increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01). These results suggest that degree of gain corresponds with LF/HF and increased gain in visual enhancement is deeply related to the activity of sympathetic nerves.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.56-67
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of rosemary oil inhalation on memory, attention and autonomic nervous system according to the concentration difference in the aged. The research design was non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 89 individuals aged 65 or older who live in the community. Participants inhaled almond carrier oil(control group), 10%(experimental group A) and 100%(experimental group B) rosemary oil. Memory, attention, and autonomic nervous system responses were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS win 24.0. The differences of the group and time were analyzed through repeated measure ANOVA. There were no significant differences in immediate recall (F=.42, p =.656), delayed recall (F=.45, p=.639), recognition (F=1.45, p=.242), digit span-forward (F=1.53, p=.223), digit span-backward (F=.46, p=.636), activities of sympathetic nerve system (LF)(F=.19, p=.828), activities of parasympathetic nerve system (HF)(F=.37, p=.694), LH/HF(F=1.39, p=.256), systolic blood pressure (F=.37, p=.694), diastolic blood pressure (F=1.25, p=.291). The inhalation of 10% and 100% rosemary oil for five minutes showed no significant effects on memory, attention and automatic nervous system in the aged.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.227-239
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture for reducing mental stress using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability. Methods : 5 healthy volunteers participated in this study. After instrumentation and 5-minute rest period, mental stress was provided for 5-minute. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. Acupuncture was put on the HT8, and needle was removed after 15min. Than 2nd mental stress was given for 5-minute with same method. For the control, same process was repeated to same subject except for acupuncture. Results : After mental stress, LF and LF/HF ratio is significantly increased. After acupuncture treatment, LF/HF ratio is significantly decreased, and LF do not significantly changed despite of mental stress. Conclusions : The result suggest that acupuncture treatment can regulate and prevent the alteration of autonomic nerve system due to mental stress.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 1991

The word of stress was wsed in the field of physics as a external force from 17th century, but the meaning of this stress had chafed to the internal and exteral demand fort the human body in medical area. All the stumulants which make stress was called as j stressor. When animals get stress blucose excreted from liver to adapt for the emergent state ant some related hormone secrete convert protein and lipid to glucose for the purpose of energy supply to muscle. As a results heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate are increased and musclse are strengthed. These physiolgical reactions ate controlled by autonomic nerve system under the control of hyothalamus in brain. Autonomic nerve system and endocrinary system are react harmoiously to stress reaction. According to the stress reaction, adrenomedullary system are stimulated, and epinephrine, morepinephrine are exceted. Author experimented the effect of the immobilizational stress to rat by analyzing the variaition of catecholamine secrction, the Na concentration and the effect of the antistresf effect by Panax Ginseng which is a traditional Korean herb medicine. The concentration of the norepinephrine, epinephrin, and dopamin in normal rat are 1 578 ng/ml, 0.365 ng/ml, and 0.731 ng/ml respectively, but in the immobilyzed stress groIn the concentration were increased to 1.915 ng.ml, 0.854 ng/ml, and 2,361 ng/ml which she the high show the higher concentration of catecholamine to stressor.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.798-810
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate heart rate variability(HRV) in patients with abnormality on EKG by power spectrum analysis of HRV. Methods : The patient group consisted of 147 patients diagnosed as abnormal on EKG at the Oriental Medical Hospital of Dong-eui University from November 2003 to September 2005. We divided the patient group into 9 subgroups (bradycardia, arrhythmia, PVC, AF, AV block, RBBB, LVH, cardiac ischemia, LAD ). The control group consisted of 117 patients who were diagnosed as normal on EKG at the same hospital during the same period. We checked HRV of the two groups over 5 minutes and compared the HRV index between groups. Results and Conclusions : In the time domain analysis, SDNN was significantly higher in the PVC and AF groups than control group and RMSSD was significantly higher in the all patient group and the bradycardia, PVC and AF groups than in the control group. In the frequency domain analysis, Ln(LF) was significantly higher in the all patient group and the PVC and AF groups than the control group but lower in the LAD group. Ln(HF) was significantly higher in The all patient group and bradycardia, PVE and AF groups than control group. LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in the all patient group and bradycardia, arrhythmia, AF, AV block and LAD groups than control group. The autonomic nerve system and parasympathetic nerve system were higher in the patient group with abnormal EKG compared with the control group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

Purpose: To determine effects of family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, autonomic nerve activation (ANA), and happiness of elderly in long-term care hospitals. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. It was conducted on 39 elderly patients (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) in long-term care hospitals. The experimental group (n=19) received family conflict mitigation documentary programs. The family conflict mitigation documentary programs consisted of four sessions (40-50 minutes per session). These programs were implemented in small groups, with each group having five elderly. Data were analyzed by sing the conflict checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Chi-square test with Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of conflict (t=-2.31, p=.028) and the value of sympathetic nervous system activity (t=8.36, p=.007) compared with those of the control group. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly increased the value of parasympathetic nervous system activity (t=-2.91, p=.008) and scores of happiness (t=5.46, p<.001). Conclusion: The family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, ANA, and happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals are effective intervention programs for mitigating conflicts between elderlies and their families and for improving happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.698-705
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of PC6 and SP4 on autonomic nerve system in healthy adults. Methods : 22 healthy adults were recruited and randomized into the study group or control group. The study group (real acupuncture group) was acupuncturcd on PC6 and SP4. The control group (sham acupuncture group) was acupunctured superficially near PC6 and SP4 but not the exact points. The subjects rested for 10 minutes, and were then acupunctured. After 15 minutes, acupuncture needles were removed and the subjects rested for another 15 minutes. Heart rate variability(HRV) was continuously measured during the study period by FM-150 (digital Holter ECG recorder). Results : In the real acupuncture group. LF(low frequency) significantly decreased during the acupuncture period(p<0.05). LF/HF ratio also had a significant decrease during acupuncture period and the decrease was maintained during the post-treatment period as compared with the pre-treatment period. In the sham acupuncture group. LF significantly increased during the acupuncture period but LF/HF ratio had no significant changes. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture on PC6 and SP4 can increase parasympathetic activity and balance autonomic nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relation to the meridian, acupoint and nerve. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were observed following injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabies virus(PRV), into the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve of the rabbit. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the thirty rabbits were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In medulla oblongata, The PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In Pons, PRV labeled neurons were parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and cochlear nucleus. 4. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons were founded in central gray matter and substantia nigra. 5. In diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in lateral hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. 6. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neuron were founded in hind limb area.This results suggest that PRV labeled common areas of the spinal cord projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve may be first-order neurons related to the somatic sensory, viscero-somatic sensory and symapathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled common area of the brain may be first, second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in gallbladder and blood vessels.These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment, including both visceral sensation and various chemical and physical qualities of the bloodstream. The present morphological results provide that gallbladder meridian and acupoint may be related to the central autonomic pathways.