• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

This experimental studies was to investigate location of labeled neurons in CNS following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV), Bartha strain, into the uterus and Sanyinjiao(Sp6) of rats. After survival times of 4-5 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain and spinal cord were frozen sectioned($30\mu\textrm{m}$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the spinal cord, overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to uterus and Sp6 were observed in lamina VII, IX and X areas of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, overlap areas were observed in lamina IV, VII, X and intermediolateral n.. In lumbar segments, overlap area of PRV labeled neurons were observed in lamina I, V-VII, IX, X and intermediolateral n.. In sacral segments, overlap areas of PRY labeled neurons were observed in lamina N, V, VII, X and sacral parasympathetic n.. 2. In the brain, overlap areas of PR V labeled neurons projecting to the uterus and Sp6 were observed in lateral paragigantocellular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., locus coeruleus n., Barrington's n., A5 cell group, central gray n., paraventricular hypothalamic n. and arcuate n. This results suggest that overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the uterus and Sp6 might be the first-order neurons related to the viscera-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle of uterus. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These overlap areas of spinal cord and brainmay be related to autonomic centers related to regulation of uterus.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2018

Objective: DIt is need to evaluate he changes of the bio-signals through the hot-cold stimulation in the CV4. Methods: The 30 healthy participants were enrolled and randomly allocated, to one of three groups(10 participants for each group): the hot stone therapy(HST) group, or the cold stone therapy(CST) group or no treatment group(NT). All the participants took a rest for 10 minutes for stability before the test. And additional 10 minute rest after measurements of skin test and sEMG. After that two group received hot or cold stone therapy for 30 minutes and one group treated nothing with HRV test. Results: HRV LF value showed a significant increase over time in all three groups, but there was no significant difference between groups but HRV HF value did not show any significant difference with time in all three groups and there was no significant difference between groups. sEMG value showed a significant increase in the left side of the masseter muscle of the HST group and sebum levels was a significant decreased in HST group but no significant meaning was found. Conclusion: There was no objective evidence that hot-cold stimulation produced bio-signals changes in comparison to the control group, but additional studies are needed as the subjects were limited.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Objective : The heart rate variability is very useful indicator to study the function of the autonomic nervous system(ANS), and the physiologic signals can be observed based on the changes of the ANS of the heart. In order to assay the effects of the laser exposing to healthy subjects, the double blind test has been performed. Methods : This study included 62 healthy adults who have not any ANS disease and had normal sinus rhythm in electrocardiogram. The control group consisted of 31 subjects, laser group consisted of 31 subject. HRV was measured for 5 minutes before laser irradiation, sham and real laser irradiated for 30 minutes and than HRV remeasured for 5 minutes. Statistical significance was evaluated by independent T-test. Results : Mean HRV, Ln(VLF), Ln(HF), Ln(TP) of both groups at post-laser period decreased compared with that of the pre-laser period. Ln(LF) of both groups at post-laser period increased compared with that of the pre-laser period. LF/HF, SDNN of real laser group decreased and sham group decreased. Conclusions : There is no difference between two groups. The reason is presumed that all the studied subjects are healthy adults, and also the short and single transcutaneous laser irradiation would not influence upon changes of the ANS. The further study must be followed.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2001

목 적 : 정상 대조군보다 공황장애환자의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높고 생리적 유연성이 더 적을 것이다. 이러한 가정을 확인하기 위해 공황장애환자와 정상대조군사이의 정신생리반응의 차이를 알아보았다. 방 법 : 환자군은 DSM-Ⅳ의 공황장애 진단기준에 맞는 외래 및 입원 환자 10명(남성 9명, 여성 1명；연령 $47.5{\pm}14.3$세), 정상 대조군(남성 9명, 여성 1명 ; 연령 $47.3{\pm}10.1$세)은 전북의대 학생 및 전북대학교병원직원 10명으로 선정하였다. 심리적 평가항목으로서, 불안, 우울 수준은 상태특성불안척도, Beck 우울 척도, Hamilton 불안 및 우울 척도로 평가하였다. 생리적 평가항목으로서 자율신경계의 정신생리반응을 측정하였는데, 맥박, 호흡속도, 피부전도반응, 근전도 등은 J & J I-330모델을 이용하였다. 스트레스작업은 4가지로서 암산, 비디오게임, 과호흡, 스트레스사건 이야기작업을 이용하였다. 정신생리반응의 측정순서는 생리반응 측정전 약 15분간의 휴식후 각각 3분씩의 '기저기간-암산작업 기간-휴식기간(3분)-비디오게임 기간-휴식기간-과호흡 기간-휴식기간-트레스사건 이야기작업 기간'으로 하였다. 두 군사이의 스트레스작업에 따른 심리적, 생리적 평가 항목들의 차이를 통계 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 우울, 불안수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 생리반응 중 피부전도반응(p=.017), 근전도(p=.047), 맥박(p=.049)의 기저치가 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 높았다. 또한, 피부전도반응의 경우, 과호흡시 놀람반응이 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 컸다(p=.001). 맥박의 경우, 암산작업시 놀람 및 회복반응이 대조군보다 환자군에서 유의하게 더 적었다(각각 p=.007, p=.002). 환자군내에서 피부전도반응의 경우, 암산(p=.0001) 및 비디오게임(p=.021) 작업시 놀람반응이 회복반응보다 유의하게 더 컸다. 또한 호흡반응의 경우, 환자군내에서 과호흡시(p=.035) 놀람반응보다 회복반응이 유의하게 더 컸다. 결 론 : 상기 결과로 미루어보아, 공황장애환자는 정상 대조군보다 기저기에서 대부분 자율신경계의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높았으나, 측정항목에 따라 생리적 유연성의 기복이 있었다. 따라서, 공황장애환자의 치료시 자율신경계의 각성수준을 감소시키고, 일부 스트레스에 대한 생리적 유연성 회복이 필요하다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the Gratitude Enhancement Program on self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, gratitude disposition, subjective happiness, stress index in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: The research was designed for a nonequivalent control group before and after the test design. The subjects of this study were 29 patients in the experimental group and 28 patients in the control group. The Gratitude Enhancement Program was conducted three times a week for a total of nine sessions. Data were collected with questionnaires and measured with autonomic nervous system response (stress index) and was analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact, and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There are no significant differences in the homogeneity test of a dependent variable between groups. The experimental group showed significant higher scores of self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, gratitude disposition, and subjective happiness than the control group. There was no significant difference in the stress index between two groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, this Gratitude Enhancement Program can be a good nursing intervention to improve self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, gratitude disposition, and subjective happiness for chronic schizophrenia patients.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

Dysmenorrhea is one of the common gynecologic disorders of menstruation women. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology. whereas secondary one is painful mestruation with underlying pathology. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is increased endometrial prostaglandin. The mechanisims underlying secondary dysmenorrhea are not eluciated. There are many blood vessels under the skin and they play a very important role in the thermal control of peripheral part. The control of blood circulation is mainly controlled by autonomic nervous system and it is known that D.I.T.I. (digital infra-red thermographic imaging) is an objective method showing the body temperature. I observed the abdominal themerature of 49 patients complaning of dysmenorrhea who visited the gynecologic department of Pundang Oriental Medical Hospital during 1997. In order to rule out thermal abnormality due to obesity. the causes whose obesity index were above I. were excluded in this study. The mean temperature of lower abdomen of the dysmenorrhea group was $35.22{\pm}1.33^{\circ}C$ and control group was $36.01{\pm}0.74^{\circ}C$.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music intervention upon lighting on stress. Method : The participants 60 college students, were divided three groups. Two groups were apply each music and bright lighting(bright lighting groups) and music and dark lighting(dark lighting groups) during 13minutes at Snozelen and the other group was control group. Each groups were assessed stress resistance, activity of parasympathetic nerve, activity of sympathetic nerve, balance of ANS, physical arousal by EKG of CANS 3000, at before and after other each intervention. The analyses were performed using version of SPSS 17. Result : The change rate of bright lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in stress resistance compared to control group. And the change rate of dark lighting group was showed statistically significant decrease in resistance stress, activity of parasympathetic nerve, and balance of ANS compared to control group and statistically significant increase in stress resistance and activity of parasympathetic nerve compared to bright lighting group. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that music intervention on dark lighting is more effective on decrease of stress than application of bright lighting and general lighting.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of electrical massager on stress-related parameters including heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal with motion artifact correction. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly allocated to receive a 15-min section of three types ((1) resting mode (control group), (2) light massage mode, (3) strong massage mode). Results indicated that self-report, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) significantly decreased for two massage modes after massage except control group. In strong massage mode, it was associated with significant increases in HF, but significant decreases in LF and LH/HF ratio compared with the light massage mode. For all outcomes, similar changes were not observed in the control group. Also, the result founded that mean HR of all groups decrease. We conclude that electrical massager reduces perceived stress and improves adaptive autonomic response to stress in healthy adults.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acupuncture applied at 114 and Liv3 points on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal subjects under mental stress. Methods: 36 healthy male and female subjects were recruited and randomized to a treatment group(18 subjects) or a control group (18 subjects). After 10-minutes rest period and instrumentation, both groups performed a mental stress test(Stroop color word test, Arithmetic test. four rule of arithmetic task) for l6-minutes. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. And then acupuncture needles were inserted on 114 and Liv3 for the study group. In the control group, they rested for l5-minutes. And Heart rate variability(HRV) was measured. Results: In the both groups, low frequency(LF) power, normalized low frequency power(LF(norm)) and ratio of low frequency to high frequency(LF/HF) was significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency(LF) power, normalized low frequency power(LF(norm)) and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which was increased after mental stress test. In contrast, control group induced no changes. Conclusions : Acupuncture on 114 and Liv3 could be useful to decrease sympathetic activity and prevent the alteration of autonomic nervous system due to mental stress.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 아로마 요법이 방사선 요법을 받는 유방암 환자의 우울과 불안정도, 자율신경계 반응에 미치는 효과를 파악하는 것이다. 방법: 대상자는 가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원에서 유방 보존술 후 보조적인 방사선 요법을 받는 여성 중 선정 기준에 적합한 33명(실험 I군 16명, 실험 II군 10명, 대조군 7명)이었다. 아로마 요법은 직접 흡입법으로 6주 동안 실시되었으며, 아로마 에센셜 오일은 Lemon (Citrus limonum), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), Rose (Rosa damascena)를 혼합하였다. 방사선 치료 전에 대기실에서 처방된 아로마 에센셜 오일을 거즈에 묻혀 흡입하도록 하였고, 주말에는 가정에서 같은 방법으로 흡입하도록 하였다. 실험 I군은 아로마 요법을 하루에 3회 시행하였고, 실험 II군은 실험 I군과 같은 아로마 요법을 방사선 치료 전에 1회, 대조군은 티트리 오일을 이용한 아로마 요법을 방사선 치료 전에 1회 시행하였다. 아로마 요법의 효과를 파악하기 위하여 우울은 Beck의 Depression Inventory로, 불안은 Spielberger 등의 도구로, 자율신경계 활성도와 균형도 및 스트레스에 대한 신체 저항도는 SA-5000P (MEDICORE CO., LTD)로 측정하였다. 자료는 SPSS WIN ver. 12.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 우울정도는 실험 I군과 실험 II군이 실험 후 감소하고 대조군은 증가하여 집단과 시점간의 교호작용이 있었다. 불안정도와 부교감신경 활성도 및 스트레스에 대한 신체 저항도는 세 군 모두 실험 후 감소하는 경향이었으나 집단과 시점간의 교호작용은 없었다. 교감신경 활성도는 실험 후 실험 I군과 실험 II군에서 감소하고, 대조군에서는 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 결론: 방사선 요법을 받는 유방암 환자에게 아로마 요법을 하루 3회 실시한 실험 I군과 하루 1회 실시한 실험 II군 모두 우울정도가 감소되었다.