• 음성과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2004

The fundamental frequency of a vowel is known to be affected by the identity of the preceding consonant. The general agreement is that strong consonants trigger higher F0 than weak consonants. However, there has been a disagreement on the shape of this segmentally affected F0 contours. Some studies report that shapes of contours are differentiated based on the consonant type, but others regard this observation as misleading. This research attempts to resolve this controversy by investigating shapes and slopes of F0 contours of Korean word level speech data produced by four male speakers. Instead of entirely relying on traditional human intuition and judgment, I employed an automatic F0 contour analysis technique known as tilt parameterisation (Taylor 2000). After necessary manipulation of an F0 contour of each data token, various parameters are collapsed into a single tilt value which directly indicates the shape of the contour. The result, in terms of statistical inference, shows that it is not viable to conclude that the type of consonant is significantly related to the shape of F0 contour. A supplementary measurement is also made to see if the slope of each contour bears meaningful information. Unlike shapes themselves, slopes are suspected to be practically more practical for consonantal differentiation, although confirmation is required through further refined experiments.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

본 연구는 영어 발화에 나타난 7가지 감정들(calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgust, surprised)을 분석하고자 감정발화(672개)와 감정중립 발화(48개)와의 운율적 거리를 측정하였다. 이를 위해 외국어 발음평가에 사용되었던 방법을 적용하여 음의 높낮이(Hz), 음의 강도(dB), 음의 길이(sec)와 같은 운율의 3요소를 유클리디언 거리로 계산하였는데 기존연구에서 더 나아가 유클리디언 거리계산 정규화 방법, z-score 방법 그리고 z-score 정규화 방법을 추가해 총 4가지 그룹(sqrF0, sqrINT, sqrDUR; norsqrF0, norsqrINT, norsqrDUR; sqrzF0, sqrzINT, sqrzDUR; norsqrzF0, norsqrzINT, norsqrzDUR)의 방법을 분석에 사용하였다. 그 결과 인지적 측면과 음향적 측면의 분석 모두에서 유클리디언 운율거리를 정규화한 norsqrF0, norsqrINT, norsqrDUR이 일관성 있게 가장 효과적인 측정방법으로 나타났다. 유클리디언 거리계산 정규화 방법으로 감정발화와 감정중립 발화를 비교했을 때, 전반적으로 감정에 따른 운율의 변화는 음의 높낮이(Hz)가 가장 크고 그다음 음의 길이(sec), 그리고 음의 강도(dB)가 가장 작게 나타났다. Tukey 사후검증 결과 norsqrF0의 경우 calm

• 정보관리연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.81-105
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 웹기반 질의문을 자동 범주화하는 방안에 대해 조사하였다. 질의문 범주화에 대한 실험은 SVM-light를 사용하여 범주자질로써 유사어 사전을 부여하기 전과 후를 비교하였다. 유사어는 학습을 통해 수작업으로 대상문서에서 713개를 추출하였다. 전체적으로 유사어 부여전과 부여후의 결과는 6개 범주에서 정도율은 -0.01%로 거의 변화가 없었으며 재현율은 8.53%가 향상되었다. F1-Measure 값도 4.58%가 향상되었다. 특히 범주내 정도율과 재현율의 표준편차가 18.39%나 개선되어 적정한 검색효율을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

분광학적 검출에 의해 종말점을 확인하는 적정기(Spectrator; SPT)와 기존 적정기(automatic burette; ABT, autotitrator; ATT)를 사용한 분석 결과를 비교하기 위하여 동일한 시료에 대한 산-염기 적정 실험을 수행하였다. 각기 다른 적정장치를 사용하여 얻어진 측정값(종말점)의 직진성, 동등성, ANOVA, F-테스트, t-테스트 등을 통하여 차이점을 통계학 분석을 수행하였으며, 직진성에서 확인된 결정계수는 모두 0.999 이상이고 통계적으로 분석된 결과에 의하여 측정값에 차이가 없다는 귀무가설은 채택되었다. 새로운 실험방법에 대한 일치성을 확인하는 Bland-Altman 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 사용한 적정장치에서 얻어진 측정값에서 불일치 양상이 확인되지 않았다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-112
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to clarify which some factors among the socio-demographic factors have effect on the housewives behavior on how to buy small electric appliances and how to use them. The questionnaires were distributed in July 1985 to 491 housewives in Seoul. Satistical methods as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, chi-square test, t-test and F-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS : 1) The average rate of possessing the automatic rice cooker is 87.8%, the electric frypan is 81.0%, the toaster is 36.9% and the blender is 86.9%. 2. Generally the frequency of use were low. 3) Generally their knowledge on small electric appliances is low. 4) The ability of management in blender was influenced by age, education and in automatic rice cooker was influenced by only education.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.310-315
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• 1998

This study includes noise automatic inspection system for washing machine auto-transmission one of modern home necessary. We effort to find and certificate sound noisesource by sound power and sound intensity, and apply to frequency analysis in vibration related sound noise. Still more we have been studying to data acquisition and programming for MS VisualBasic version 5.0. System component is below. 1) Pentium PC for data acquisition. 2) DSO for noise acquisition. 3) S/W for comparison and decision. 4) I/F Board for data communication. Wave form data through the DSO are converting to ASCII code data. The ASCII code through binary converting S/W are to be decision fitness or the badness comparison S/W. Finally, we will making noise monitoring system and automatic inspection system.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2000

This study includes noise automatic inspection system for washing machine auto-transmission one of modern home necessary. We effort to find and certificate sound noise source by sound power and sound intensity, and apply to frequency analysis in vibration related sound noise. still more we have been studying to data acquisition and programming for MS VisualBasic version 5.0. System component is below. 1) Pentium PC or data acquisition. 2) DSO for noise acquisition. 3)S/W for comparison and decision. 4) I/F Board for data communication. Wave form data through the DSO are converting to ASCII code data. The ASCII code through binary converting S/W. Finally we will making noise monitoring system and automatic inspection system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.202-214
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• 1997

In automotive industries, one of major issues is the shifting shock, which is brought out when two clutches are engaged in an automatic transmission. The engagement and disengagement if two clutches means the variation of the D.O.F(degree of freedom) of system. Therefore to analyze the shifting performance, the variation of D.O.F should be considered in detail. Generally, the programs for analyzing the shifting transients have been developed as the problem-dependent codes because the artificial maris were usually used to indicate the change of shifting phase. To develop a software applicable to a general mechanism of transmissions, a self-determining algorithm of D.O.F must be applied. Through the experiences for the last several years, a generalized analysis software of shifting mechanism(so called by POTAS-MSM Version 2.0) has been developed. In this study, some major ideas of the software and the concept for the analysis of shifting characteristics are presented. In addition to that, this paper shows how to self -determine D.O.F of he multi-slipping systems using the stick-slip criterion on a single slipping mechanism. By using this software, the shifting characteristics of a vehicle are analyzed and compared with the experimental results.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.824-836
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• 2018

The automatic extraction of temporal information from written texts is a key component of question answering and summarization systems and its efficacy in those systems is very decisive if a temporal expression (TE) is successfully extracted. In this paper, three different approaches for TE extraction in Uyghur are developed and analyzed. A novel approach which uses lexical semantics as an additional information is also presented to extend classical approaches which are mainly based on morphology and syntax. We used a manually annotated news dataset labeled with TIMEX3 tags and generated three models with different feature combinations. The experimental results show that the best run achieved 0.87 for Precision, 0.89 for Recall, and 0.88 for F1-Measure in Uyghur TE extraction. From the analysis of the results, we concluded that the application of semantic knowledge resolves ambiguity problem at shallower language analysis and significantly aids the development of more efficient Uyghur TE extraction system.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.26-29
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• 2011

[F-18]FDG 제조 후 품질관리를 수행하는데 있어서 품질관리 항목 중 잔류용매 시험은 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 잔류하는 유기용매를 측정하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 자동합성장치에 따른 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 잔류하는 유기용매의 종류를 파악하고, 잔류량을 측정하고자 하였다. 불꽃이온화 검출기(Flame Ionization Detector)가 장착된 기체크로마토그래프(Agilent Technologies 7890A)를 이용하여 제조 후 일주일 이내의 밀봉 바이알에 보관한 [F-18]FDG를 기체크로마토그래프에 $1.0{\mu}L$ 씩 주입한 후 각 피크영역을 구하였다. FASTlab은 평균이 에탄올 72 ppm, 아세토니트릴 54 ppm, 초산 1030 ppm으로 나타났으며, TRACERlab MX는 평균이 에탄올 439 ppm 및 아세토니트릴 79 ppm이 검출되어 모두 의약품 잔류용매기준의 허용량 이내에 있었다. [F-18]FDG 주사액에 있는 잔류용매는 모두 허용량 이내로 환자검사에 사용하는데 적합하였다. 또한 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 있을 수 있는 초산의 최대 이론량은 1167 ppm으로 따로 검량을 하지 않아도 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과에서는 자동합성장치에 따라 방사성의약품의 잔류용매의 종류 및 양이 다를 수 있음을 보였다.