• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2006

The main purpose of this research is to examine what are the factors that affect consumer attitude by the types of clothing window display, and find if there is any difference by gender of consumer group. Total 357 data from random sample of 347 adults(156 male and 191 female) who were between 19 to 49 years of age were analyzed. Sources for the sample were companies and apartment complexes and several colleges in Seoul and Chonan to diversify by such demographics as age and social status. Factors were measured by respondents' rating of 9 statements using a 5-point Likert-type scale. SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) Version 10.0, is used for factor analysis in order to comprehend the factors of consumer attitude and Cronbauch's ${\alpha}$ in order to measure the credibility of questions in each factor. The main findings are as follows: First, three dimensions of consumer attitude to two types of window-display of product centered display and image centered display were identified as interest, information, and impression and theses are same to both male and female consumer group. Second, for both male and female consumer group, three dimensions of consumer attitude toward two types of window-display were same, however, included sub categories in each dimension showed a little difference. In product centered display, both male and female consumer group showed high interest in the sub categories of 'fashion' and 'informations related to the product' and they were considered same factor. Otherwise, In image centered display, two sub categories of 'having some interests in the display' and 'recognize the display that projects the image or impression of clothing well' were showed high relationship each other and they were also considered same factor. Third, Cronbauch's ${\alpha}$ of three dimensions of consumer attitude demonstrated high credibility from 0.75 to 0.91. Mean score of subcategories of attitudes toward the type of display by the gender of consumer showed high scores of 'interest' and 'impression' categories in image centered display and showed high scores of 'information' category in product centered display for both gender.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.255-268
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• 1993

This descriptive correlational research was conducted to compare the relationship between self-esteem performance of antenatal care and health pro-motion lifestyles for unmarried and married pregnant women. The sample consisted of 94 married women attending one general hospital and residing in Seoul and 82 unmarried women from two social institutes for unmarried women. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was developed and revised by the researcher. The tool consisted of 12 items related to demographic characteristics, 10 items on self-esteem measurement, 20 items on performance of antenatal care and 37 items on health promotion lifestyle profile. The data collected from the interviews were analyzing using the SPSS, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The demographic variables for the two groups were heterogenous except for religion. 2) The results of the comparison between the two groups were significantly different for self-esteem, married women(mean 20.41, standard deviation 3. 94) had higher scores on self-esteem than unmarried women(mean 24.02, standard deviation 4.11), (t=-5.91, p .001) 3) There was a stastically significant difference between the two groups on the health promotion lifestyle profile. The married women had higher scores on the health promotion lifestyle profile (t=7.22, p〈.001) 4) The score for married women on performance of antenatal care has higher than the score for unmarried women(t=8.83, p〈.001) 5) With regard to the relationship between health promotion lifestyle and performance of antenatal care and self-esteem, the correlation coefficient between self-esteem and health Promotion lifestyle for married women was .45, between per formance of antenatal care and health promotion lifestyle, .54, between self-esteem and performance of antenatal care, .32. For the unmarried women, between self-esteem and health promotion lifestyle, .39, between performance of antenatal care and health promotion lifestyle, .67, between self-esteem and performance of antenatal care, .30. 6) There was a statistically significant different between the two groups on all subconcepts of the health promotion lifestyle profile (p〈.001). 7) Comparison of the order of the scores between the two groups for the married women showed that the highest score was for nutrition, then self-actualization, interpersonal support, health responsibility, stress management and exercise in that order. For the unmarried women the highest score was for self-actualization followed by nutrition, interpersonal support, stress management, health responsibility, and exercise in that order. The score in the exercise domain was lowest in both groups. In conclusion, on the basis of the results of this study, resources and protection facilities for unmarried pregnant women could be improved through government policies and health care policies that would allow unmarried women to utilize significant social support resources and actualize health pro-motion lifestyles. Nursing should offer interventions to increase psychosocial adjustment and support tp improve the quality of life for unmarried pregnant women and further to promote improved growth and development of the infants.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2022

The need for polar education was further emphasized, depending on the importance of the pole, which is the best place for climate change detection and prediction, and treasure trove of future technology and resources. Therefore, this study analyzed the general cognitive and affective characteristics of elementary school students' polar literacy, and in addition, analyzed the cognitive and affective characteristics according to the level of diversity about polar experience. The items developed for the study were revised through a pilot survey of 43 fifth graders. They consisted of questions about gender, polar experience, scientific literacy, polar knowledge, polar literacy skills, polar literacy beliefs, and polar literacy attitudes. The types of questions used are selectable, reliable, and Likert (4 points), for a total of 66 questions. The students who participated in the study were 323 fifth grade elementary students. The study found that students were more interested in the dramatic consequences of polar changes than the scientific causes and processes associated with it. This is confirmed through the fact that they are more interested in and familiar with polar creatures suffering from polar changes than understanding ice, which is the main feature of and the central mechanism of polar changes. Students also recognized the issue of polar climate change as a global issue other than their own. They believe that what happens in the Arctic and Antarctica will affect the whole world, but not significantly to himself and his community. The level of knowledge about polar region and the ability to analyze and infer were not significantly related to each other, and students with a higher level of diversity of experience about polar region had a better understanding of polar science and technology. In this research, it is meaningful to check the characteristics related to the students' polar region and to use it as a basic data to show the direction in which polar literacy education should proceed in the future.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

This study is a descriptive survey study that applies the planned behavior theory to identify the factors influencing the childbirth intention of unmarried men and women. Data were collected from April 05 to April 23, 2021 for 168 unmarried men and women. As a result of the study, in general characteristics, male, old, highly educated, occupational, and non-regular workers had statistically significantly higher childbirth intentions. As a result of examining the correlation between the variables constituting the theory of planned behavior(TPB), it was found that the more positive the attitude toward childbirth, the greater the subjective norm, and the greater the perceived behavior control, the higher the intention to give birth. Multiple regression analyses showed that the factors affecting fertility intention on men and women. The factors affecting fertility intention in men was attitude, with an explanatory power of 62.2% and the factors affecting fertility intention in women were attitudes and perceived behavioral control, and the explanatory power of these variables on fertility intention was 69.0%. In order to increase the intention to give birth, a comprehensive approach is needed, and the research is meaningful in that the results of this study provided basic data in the development of policies and education programs related to low birth rates in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2019

Rapid economic development has changed the dietary habits and patterns. Especially, western style diet has increased the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Korea. To provide more specific and appropriate diet guideline for the prevention and for the treatment of T2DM, the investigation on the characteristics of diebetic patients related to the diet needs to be done. In this study, we therefore analyzed eating behaviors, dietary attitudes, and intake of food and nutrients of normal subjects (control, n=26) and diabetic patients (case, n=18) diagnosed T2DM within one year in Daegu Gyeongbuk area. Body mass index of the patients were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). Overeating, high fried food and low whole grain intake were revealed as risk factors for T2DM. From the food frequency questionnaire analysis, salty foods such as fermented soybean paste (Doenjang) and watery Kimch intake were associated with T2DM. Intake of vegetable lipid, ${\beta}$-carotene, calcium, copper, and vitamin K were also shown to be associated with T2DM. Taken together, these findings suggest that maintaining ideal body weight and intake the foods with low salt, fat, and refined grain in appropriate amount may help to prevent and to manage T2DM.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2016

This study examined the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance ability of automated external defibrillator (AED) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among university students who were not in health-related majors and to explore the relationships among these variables. In this study, 291 students were recruited from 3 universities in D city. Among them, 77.0% had ever seen or heard of AED and 61.9% did not know how to use it. The levels of knowledge, attitudes and performance ability differed significantly according to the CPR training experience and AED awareness (p<.002~.001). The performance ability showed significant correlations with knowledge (r=. 42, p<.001) and attitude (r=. 55, p<.001) of AED and CPR. These findings suggest that future AED and CPR training programs should be developed to promote a positive attitude towards the willingness to perform AED and CPR as well as to increase the participants' confidence by repeated training.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a polar literacy education program for elementary and middle school students, and to derive implications for new education to respond to climate change. We developed modular education programs based on the seven principles of polar literacy established by the Polar-ICE team. We divided them into two courses, one emphasizing science concepts and another emphasizing humanities and sociological issues. We then selected and structured detailed programs suitable for the two courses. These two courses were applied to 26 elementary and middle school students for approximately 69 hours in a Saturday science class hosted by the Department of Science Education at a university in Seoul. The 26 students were divided into three groups. Two groups completed the science education program for polar literacy and a humanities and social studies education program for polar literacy, respectively. The third group, the control group, received general science education unrelated to polar literacy. Before and after running the programs, all three groups responded to a polar literacy test and questionnaires that used vocabulary and presented scenes associated with polar regions. The test results were expressed using Wilcoxon signed ranks, which is a non-parametric test method, and improvements made upon completion of the program were analyzed. From a cognitive aspect, all three groups showed improvement after completing the program in the knowledge area; however, the experimental groups showed a greater degree of improvement than the control group, and there was a clear difference in the contents or materials explicitly covered. From an affective aspect, the difference between before and after the program was minor, but the group that focused on humanities and social issues showed a statistically significant improvement. Regarding changes in polar imagery, the two experimental groups tended to diverge from monotonous images to more diverse images compared to the control group. Based on the above results, we suggested methods to increase the effectiveness of polar literacy education programs, the importance of polar literacy as appropriate material for scientific thinking and earth system education, measures to improve attitudes related to the polar region, and the need to link to school curriculums.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2016

Purpose : The acupuncture existed more than 2000 years and has flourished not only in Asia but also in medical field of modern world. In addition, empirical evidences from biomedicine have been expended in many ways in order to objectify the field of acupuncture. Thus, the effect and mechanism of the acupuncture has been revealed in human and other animals. In this article, I attempt to explain what doctors and patients subjectively experience through acupuncture treatment and its clinical significance based on mind-body medicine. Methods : The experience and clinical significance of the acupuncture was examined in the view of mind-body medicine, also reviewed research trends related to meditation understanding the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture. Results and Conclusions : Traditional Korean medical doctor perceive generally "jogi " and "chishin " meaning the regulation of the balance of the various functions in the human body and patient's consciousness and psychology state as mightily important concept concerning the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. Despite scientific approach to objective understanding of the acupuncture was performed in the meantime, practitioners put emphasis on experience based on sensate and interaction between doctor-patient. As it reflects the recent understanding of the psychological effects associated with the clinical efficacy of acupuncture, it has been presented one by one through neuroscience and cognitive science. Therefore it is important that interpreting the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture into Mind-body medicine can form a new awareness and attitudes toward traditional medicine.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2011

Purpose: The relativity of factors between low vision and socioeconomic status were investigated. This study represented the preliminary data for establishment of public eye health policy. Further, this report would encourage people to change the social attitudes about the eye health equity of the nation. Methods: The number of people (2,514 people) who have been tested the forced visual activity were examined as it was referred the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNE) of 2009-year data. The prevalence rate of low vision of subjects which are related with house income, education level and occupations were conducted with ttest and chi square test. Besides, the Binominal Logistic Regression was conducted to measure the odds ratio of the subjects. Results: In outline, the prevalence rate of low vision was high with low house income, low education level and low function. The odds ratio represented that 2.77(95% CI, 1.72-4.47) at low house income group and 4.02(95% CI, 1.75-9.23) at the case of below primary school education level. Moreover, the results of unemployed group showed 3.65(1.14-11.68) from the odds ratio measurement. Conclusions: The eye health policy need be instituted which is broad and meticulous support to ease the eye health equity of low eye sight patients. For instance, the education about eye health, examination business of eye disease, and education of assistant units which are useful for low eye sight would suggest practical solution.