• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.643-659
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• 2011

The design of box girders requires the determinations the buckling stress of the flange and the webs. Existing design equations available in codes of practice ignore the interactions between the box girder components. The paper illustrates the influence of the geometric interaction on the buckling stress of box girders. Generalized equations are first derived in terms of the web the flange geometric properties. Industrial examples are then presented showing the variation of the flange buckling stress for various stiffening configurations. The influence of the flange/web proportions on the buckling stress of box girder components is also highlighted. It is shown that buckling strength of the flange is largely affected by the restraints imposed by the webs or attached diaphragms. Graphs are presented showing various limiting states of box girders. These graphs are useful to use in practice in order to achieve economical and efficient design of box girders and rationally predict local buckling stress.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2001

The research was investigated and analysed to get basic data which was made outside environment at apartment house complex. The subject of research is housing complex in Japan. Result of research is as following. 1) The house environment is amenity, because they developed the space as green area and open space without developing outside space as a parking lot. 2) They have developed an apartment design variously. it has variety that the design of facets colors, roof forms, attached facilities etc. 3) Housing complex's center axis is needed to make a plan, that a pedestrian passage which is rich in green area is better than a road.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1995년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

The object of this study is to analyze the actual use of and the problems of bathrooms in urban apartments which have two bathrooms. There are some problems with the present western style bathrooms which have three different facilities in the same room: a toilet, a bathtub, and a washstand. Twenty-five percent of the respondents use the bathtub as a water tank or a storage. A toil not combined with a bathtub as well as some dressing space are desired for the main bathroom. Many residents of young age satisfied with the bathroom attached to the badroom.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Recently the concerns of aging & care according to the aged Society were on the increase about Home for the elderly facility. In order to moment, the purpose of this study is to analyze planning direction and Architectural Environments in medium and small scale Elderly Care Facilities. This survey are used to investigate with latest building data, which is Long-term Care Insurance Code for the Elderly was started on July 2008 in Korea. The results of this paper are as follows. First, various type of home for the elderly and the elderly group homes are spread out, attached to day care center type, nursing home type, city region type, countryside rural type, near the university and remodeling type. Secondly, per capita room area-$6.32m^2$ are sufficient in regal comparison with $6.6m^2$. Thirdly, Sunlight environments is inappropriate condition as south direction proportion-41.95%. According to the present situation various facility type and model for our baby boomers generation should be more developed with preemptive systems of senior welfare concept.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2018

"Death is the side of life which is turned away from us." The life of people in Seoul, however, is disconnected from death. Why? This article compares the historical changes in the cemetery disposition of Paris and Seoul to answer this question. The cemetery is always a meeting place between the living and the dead. In pre-modern cities, the cemetery was close to the people's daily life. However, the fundamental change of urban structure due to modernization has a great influence on the cemetery. With the advent of the train, the world has shrunk and the city has expanded unprecedentedly. In such a situation, the cemetery is expelled to the outside of the city. However, while Paris and Seoul share the same overall flow, they responded differently to the plans for the establishment of large-scale remote cemeteries. In Paris, the plan was canceled by citizens who value their relationship with the dead. On the other hand, Seoul was unable to manage the cemetery due to social confusion in 20th century. All cemeteries were expelled as industrialization began. As a result, there is no public cemetery or ossuary at present in Seoul. In Seoul, about 20 years ago however, a new kind of place for the dead began to appear. It is an ossuary attached to religious facilities. In other words, the current cemetery of Seoul is divided into two forms : the public cemetery, which is expelled from the city, and the private ossuary, which is attached to religious facilities built in the city.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2011

최근에 컴퓨팅 기술의 발달과 체감형 콘텐츠에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 교육기관과 문화 시설에서 유아 및 청소년들을 대상으로 한 체험 학습 및 엔터테인먼트적인 성향이 높은 체감형 시스템을 요구하고 있고 투자를 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 RFID Reader와 Tag 간 1356MHz 대역을 사용하고, Arduino와 다양한 센서들도 함께 적용한 교육용 인터렉티브 지구본 시스템을 제안하였다. 센서가 부착된 능동형 태그를 지구본 속에 부착하는 방법을 이용하여, RFID Reader, Arduino 및 센서와 Google Earth COM API의 연동을 통한 피지컬(Physical) 컴퓨팅 교육용 시스템을 구성하였다.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

This article presents a methodology for the monitoring of air pollution. All over the world, the interest in the environment has been continuously increasing. Unfortunately, much of this interest is due to emerging problems, such as the greenhouse effect and climate change. For this reason, research into carbon dioxide, which causes the greenhouse effect, is progressing rapidly. This article presents a method of measuring the level of carbon dioxide and other substances in the air through the utilization of mobile-networking base stations and measured data. First of all, sensors are attached at the appropriate position of the mobile-networking base stations. These sensors will measure the air quality in their respective positions, and send sensor data to an urban management center via network gateways and data-collecting systems. The measured data can be used for various purposes. In general, it can be used to measure the air quality, which can then be used as a basis for urban planning. The method described herein utilizes airpollution sensors that are attached to the base stations in different locations and at varying heights. The data obtained hereby will be applicable in many fields. At this time this is simply a methodology, however we hope that it will lead to a practical application.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2015

소화설비는 초기소화를 목적으로 설치하여 소방대의 본격소화활동이전에 사용하는 소방설비로서 소화성능은 물론 사용자의 안전을 보장하여야 한다. 옥내소화전설비의 경우 건축물에 많이 설치된 소화설비로서 화재 시 사용자가 밸브조작 및 호스와 노즐을 수동으로 사용해야하는 설비이다. 따라서 방수압력이 0.70 MPa보다 높은 경우 조작과 호스파손 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이를 방지하기위해 사용되는 감압방식 중 옥내소화전방수구인 앵글밸브에 오리피스형태인 감압밸브를 부착하는 방식을 많이 사용하고 있다. 하지만 감압밸브는 구조적인 문제로 인하여 사용기간의 경과에 따라 감압성능이 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 3단계의 초기압력을 기준으로 감압오리피스의 직경별 감압성능을 측정하여 적용 가능한 압력범위를 선정하고 이를 자료로 시간경과에도 감압성능의 저하를 최소화 하는 안정적인 감압밸브 모델을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.956-966
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• 2021

To prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases that inflict huge economic and social losses, domestic livestock farms and related facilities have introduced automatic and semiautomatic disinfectant solution-spraying systems for vehicles. However, the facility standards and specifications vary by manufacturer, and no scientific performance evaluation has been conducted. The puropose of this study is to develop physical and biological evaluation methods. Physical and biological appraisals were conducted using two types of disinfection facilities (tunnel- and U-type) and two types of vehicles (passenger car, truck). Water-sensitive paper was used to evaluate the physical performance values for the disinfection facilities. In addition, to assess their biological performance, carriers containing low-pathogenic avian influenza virus were attached to vehicles, and the viral reduction was measured after the vehicles moved through the facility. The tunnel-type had rates of coverage in the range of 70-90% for the passenger car and 60-90% for the truck. At least 4-log virus reduction after spraying for 1-5 min was shown for both vehicles. For the U-type facility evaluation, the coverage rates were in the range of 60-90% for the passenger car and at least 90% for the truck. More than 4-log viral reduction was estimated within a spraying time of 5 min. To reduce viruses on the surface of vehicles by at least 4 log within a short period, the disinfectant solution should cover at least 71% of the pathogens. In conclusion, we were able to assess the physical and biological performance criteria for disinfection facilities aboard transportation vehicles.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 조리 실습을 위한 조리실습시설의 전공자의 중요도와 만족도를 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위해 설문은 충청도에 위치한 Y대학교에서 조리를 전공하는 100명의 학생에게 설문지를 배포하였고 총 71부의 유용한 설문지를 본 연구를 위해 사용하였다. 통계적 분석을 위해 SPSS 10.0 Win을 사용하였으며, 중요도-실행도 분석은 조리 교육의 핵심 요소인 실습 시설에 대한 중요도와 만족도를 비교하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조리실습시설에 대한 만족도(M=3.42)는 중요도(M=4.09)보다 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 조리실습시설의 중요도 및 만족도는 사전 교육 무경험자와 유경험자 사이에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사전 교육 경험이 있는 전공자는 기물의 보유량에 비해 보유 기기 기물의 유용성을 더욱 중요시하였고 빠르게 개선되어야할 요인으로써 사전 교육이 있는 전공자는 조리 실습실 내 환기시설과 급 배수시설을 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 조리 교육에 있어 이 연구의 시사점은 조리 실습실에 대한 전공자의 교육 만족도 향상에 공헌 할 것이다. 그러나 표본추출에 있어 한정성으로 인해 연구의 결과를 일반화시키기 어렵다.