• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

This study aims to define the phylogenetic relationship within Korean Pinus L. and to find the molecular markers which resolve the phylogenetic relationship in genus Pinus. cpDNA atpF-H and psbA-trnH regions were used as molecular markers. We performed the molecular phylogenetic study on 17 taxa of Pinus in Korea. The combined analyses of two gene loci showed that Korean Pinus was a monophyletic group supported by 100% BP. According to the results of separate analyses, psbA-trnH region seems to work better resolving power to clarify the phylogenetic ambiguity in Korean Pinus than those of atpF-H region. Also, we tried to checked the value and resolution of two chloroplast DNA loci on phylogenetic implications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to provide the basic information necessary to identify Korean fir (Abies holophylla), momi fir (A. firma), and Nikko fir (A. homolepis), and other fir trees planted in South Korea that are protected by law. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of the needles from each sample was investigated. The shape of the needle-leaf tip from A. holophylla was acute, whereas that from A. firma and A. homolepis was emarginate and that from the protected fir trees was obtuse. The number of stomata on the needles was not significantly different between A. holophylla and A. firma, and the number of stomata on the needles from A. homolepis and the protected fir trees were highly similar. In addition, the genetic differences among the Abies species were analyzed using the sequences of five chloroplast DNA regions-matK, atpF-atpH, rpoC2-rps2, rpoC1, and psbA-trnH.The atpF-atpH and psbA-trnH regions were useful for discriminating A. firma from the other species, but there were no differences among A. holophylla, A. homolepis, and the protected fir trees. The same chloroplast sequences were found in both A. holophylla and A. homolepis, which suggests that additional genetic studies might be necessary to identify the Abies species planted in both South Korea and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.743-751
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• 2015

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2012

Phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships among 28 taxa, including 2 outgroups of Korean Campanulaceae, using atpB, atpB-rbcL, atpF-H, matK, rbcL, rpl16, rpoC1 and trnL-F regions sequences in chloroplast DNA. The combined analyses of eight chloroplast DNA regions suggest that Codonopsis and Platycodon basally branches within the phylogenetic tree; Wahlenbergia distinguished an independent clade; Campanula forms a clade; Peracarpa and Asyneuma clade is a sister to the Adenophora-Hanabusaya clade; Hanabusaya is placed within the section Remotiflorae of Adenophora; Adenophora form a clade. Our present results support the generic level, although discordance remained at the infrageneric groups such as section and series based on morphological characteristics in the genus Adenophora.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-364
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• 2017

Duckweed family (Lemnaceae Martinov), including the genus Lemna L., is a typical floating aquatic perennial plant, and about five genera and 40 species in the family are in wide distribution around the world except the polar regions. The genus Lemna is the smallest and the simplest plant among the angiosperms. It has a characteristic of doubling every three days with fast vegetative propagation, which helps the organisms to increase in rapid growth. As such, the plant is ideal for environmental pollution assessment and toxicity test. Although taxonomists and scholars have used different scientific names for the species, many of them have agreed that there is only one member of species of the genus Lemna in Korea. Paying attention to the external morphological variation observed in the Korean genus Lemna, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the entity of the Korean Lemna species and to investigate the possibility of two or more members of the species existing in Korea. We determined and aligned the DNA sequences of the atpF-H region of the chloroplast DNA in 37 populations of the nationally distributed Lemna species. The results showed that the sequence length of the cp DNA atpF-H region was 463-483 bp, the length of the aligned sequences was 488 bp, and the number of variation site in nucleotide sequences was 47. There were two types of aligned sequences of the cp DNA atpF-H region from 37 populations of Lemna species in Korea. The maximum parsimony analysis revealed that the Korean Lemna consists of two clades, and one of them had two subclades. The results suggest that, contrary to the general understanding, at least two taxa (L.aequinoctialis, L.minor) exist in Korea.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

Purpose : To investigate the signal enhancement ratio by NOE effect on in vivo $^{31}P$ MRS in human heart muscle and liver. we also evaluated the enhancement ratios of different phosphorus metabolites, which are important in 31P MRS for each organ. Materials and Methods : Ten normal subjects (M:F = 8:2, age range = 24-32 yrs) were included for in vivo $^{31}P$ MRS measurements on a 1.5 T whole-body MRI/MRS system using $^1H-^{31}P$ dual tuned surface coil. Two-dimensional Chemical Shift Imaging (2D CSI) pulse sequence for $^{31}P$ MRS was employed in all $^{31}P$ MRS measurements. First, $^{31}P$ MRS performed without NOE effect and then the same 2D CSI data acquisitions were repeated with NOE effect. After postprocessing the MRS raw data in the time domain, the signal enhancements in percent were estimated from the major metabolites. Results : The calculated NOE enhancement for liver $^{31}P$ MRS were $\alpha-ATP\;(7\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(9\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(17\%),\;Pi\;(1\%),\;PDE\;(19\%)$ and $PME\;(31\%)$. Because there is no creatine kinase activity in liver, PCr signal is absent. For cardiac $^{31}P$ MRS, whole body coil gave better scout images and thus better localization than surface coil. In $^{31}P$cardiac multi-voxel spectra, DPG signal increased from left to right according to the amount of blood included. The calculated enhancement for cardiac $^{31}P$ MRS were : $\alpha-ATP\;(12\%),\;\beta-ATP\;(19\%),\;\gamma-ATP\;(30\%),\;PCr\;(34\%),\;Pi\;(20\%),\;(PDE)\;(51\%),\;and\;DPG\;(72\%)$. Conclusion : Our results revealed that the NOE effect was more pronounced in heart muscle than in liver with different coupling to 1H spin system and thus different heteronuclear cross-relaxation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.379-384
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• 2004

Changes in nucleotide concentrations of aquarium-stored flounder, sea bass, and sea bream were studied. ATP, ADP, and AMP slowly decreased, whereas IMP, HxR and Hx slightly increased with increasing storage ported. ATP was converted into IMP at initial storage stage. Changes in concentrations of nucleotides differed depending on fish type and season. Freshness indicators, $K,\;K_{p}\;G,\;P,\;H,\;and\;F_{r}$ values during 14 days storage showed no significant differences. Changes in nucleotide concentrations during 14 days storage had no significant effect on taste of raw fishes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

Objective: Pathogenesis of the endometriosis is very complex and the etiology is still unclear. Our hypothesis is that there may be some difference in gene expression patterns between eutopic endometriums with or without endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the difference of gene expression profile with cDNA microarray. Methods: Endometrial tissues were gathered from patients with endometriosis or other benign gynecologic diseases. cDNA microarray technique was applied to screen the different gene expression profiles from early and late secretory phase endometria of those two groups. Each three mRNA samples isolated from early and late secretory phase of endometrial tissues of control were pooled and used as master controls and labeled with Cy3-dUTP. Then the differences of gene expression pattern were screened by comparing eutopic endometria with endometriosis, which were labeled with Cy5-dUTP. Fluorescent labeled probes were hybridized on a microarray of 4,800 human genes. Results: Twelve genes were consistently over-expressed in the endometrium of endometriosis such as ATP synthase H transporting F1 (ATP5B), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3, ATP synthase H+ transporting (ATP5C1) and TNF alpha factor. Eleven genes were consistently down-regulated in the endometriosis samples. Many extracellular matrix protein genes (decorin, lumican, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, fibulin 5, and matrix Gla protein) and protease/protease inhibitors (serine proteinase inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1), and insulin like growth factor II associated protein were included. Expression patterns of selected eight genes from the cDNA microarray were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR or real time RT-PCR. Conclusion: The result of this analysis supports the hypothesis that the endometrium from patients with endometriosis has distinct gene expression profile from control endometrium without endometriosis.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.835-845
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• 2018

We studied the role of ethylene control in regulating energy metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity, and vase life of cut rose Rosa hybrida 'Carola'. Rose flowers at stage II were sprayed with one of the following solutions: water (control), $10{\mu}L\;L^{-1}$ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), or $0.5g\;L^{-1}$ 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (ethephon). After harvest, ethylene production rate, respiration intensity, energy charge (EC), activities of energy metabolism-related and antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. Results showed that 1-MCP enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, $H^+$-adenosine triphosphatase, $Ca^{2+}$-adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, maintained high EC levels, inhibited respiration intensity, reduced peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and MDA accumulation, and prolonged vase life. Ethephon promoted ethylene production and respiration intensity, increased POD and PPO activity, reduced ATP content and EC levels, and accelerated senescence. Our results support a novel role for ethylene control in regulating senescence of 'Carola'.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2018

터리풀속(Filipendula)은 장미과(Rosaceae), 장미아과(Rosoideae)에 속하는 다년생 초본이며, 북반구 온대지역의 산지지역에 서식하며 15-20여 종이 보고되어 있고, 이 중 10여종이 한국, 중국, 일본, 타이완 등의 동아시아 지역에 분포한다. 본 연구의 목적은 DNA 염기서열 자료를 이용하여 터리풀속(Filipendula)내 종들간의 계통관계를 규명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 11종 29개체의 터리풀속(Filipendula)샘플과 외군인 산딸기나무속(Rubus)에 속하는 3종 5개체의 샘플을 이용하였다. 추가로 Genbank에서 3속 10종 18개의 염기서열을 다운받아 비교분석에 이용하였다. 계통연구를 위하여 엽록체에 존재하는 atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL, 5개 마커와 핵에 존재하는 ITS, 총 6개 마커의 염기서열을 생산하였다. 총 52개의 샘플에 대하여 엽록체유전체 5개 마커지역은 염기서열 길이가 3,485bp였고 핵 ITS지역은 631bp였으며, 이들을 합한 염기서열 길이는 4,116bp였다. 계통분석결과, 터리풀속(Filipendula)은 단계통군을 이루었다. F. occidentalis와 F. vulgaris가 기저분류군을 이루었고 이들은 각각의 아속에 해당한다. 그리고 나머지 종들은 모두 하나의 단계통군을 이루었다. 위의 결과들은 1961년 시미즈가 본 속을 Hypogyna아속, Filipendula아속, Ulmaria아속으로 나눈 분류시스템과 일치한다. 나아가 분자계통수에서 Ulmaria아속은 크게 4개의 subclade로 구분되었다. 먼저 subclade I에는 F. vestita, F. kiraishiensis, F. tsuguwoi, F. multijiuga, F. purpurea 등 5개 종으로 구성되었다. Subclade II는 F. ulmaria 한 종으로만 구성되었다. Subclade III에는 F. glaberrima, F. koreana, F. formosa, F.camtschatica 로 구성되었으며 subclade III에는 한국에 서식하는 3종이 포함되었다. Subclade IV에는 F. rubra, F. angustiloba, F. palmata, F. intermedia 4종으로 구성되었다. 이번연구에서는 Ulmaria아속내에 4개의 subclade가 존재함이 처음으로 확인되었다.