• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2024

This paper proposes an EMPC (Explicit Model Predictive Controller) for temperature tracking control based on heat load prediction by an ESO (Extended State Observer) for a variable cooling circulation system with multiple indoor units connected to one outdoor unit. In this system, heat transfer and heat loss relative to the input temperature are modeled using system dynamics. Using this model, we design an EMPC based on an ESO that is robust to temperature changes and depends on airflow. To determine the stability of both the controller and the observer, asymptotic stability is verified through Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed controller, simulations are conducted under three scenarios with varying airflow, set temperature, and heat load.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.191-203
• /
• 2010

To investigate the critical buckling load and post-buckling behavior of an axially loaded pile entirely embedded in soil, the non-linear large deflection differential equation for a pinned pile, based on the Winkler-model and the discretionary distribution function of the foundation coefficient along pile shaft, was established by energy method. Assuming that the deflection function was a power series of some perturbation parameter according to the boundary condition and load in the pile, the non-linear large deflection differential equation was transformed to a series of linear differential equations by using perturbation approach. By taking the perturbation parameter at middle deflection, the higher-order asymptotic solution of load-deflection was then found. Effect of ratios of soil depth to pile length, and ratios of pile stiffness to soil stiffness on the critical buckling load and performance of piles (entirely embedded and partially embedded) after flexural buckling were analyzed. Results show that the buckling load capacity increases as the ratios of pile stiffness to soil stiffness increasing. The pile performance will be more stable when ratios of soil depth to pile length, and soil stiffness to pile stiffness decrease.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.723-729
• /
• 2001

Electro-hydraulic shift control of a vehicle automatic transmission has been predominantly carried out via an open-loop control based on numerous time-consuming calibrations. Despite remarkable success in practice, the variations of system characteristics inevitably deteriorate the performance of the tuned open-loop controller. As a result, the controller parameters need to be continuously updated in order to maintain satisfactory shift quality. This paper presents a self-learning algorithm for automatic transmission shift control in a construction vehicle during inertia phase. First, an observer reconstructs the turbine acceleration signal (impossible to measure in a construction vehicle) from the readily accessible turbine speed measurement. Then, a control algorithm based on a quadratic function of the turbine acceleration is shown to guarantee the asymptotic convergence (within a specified target bound) of the error between the actual and the desired turbine accelerations. A Lyapunov argument plays a crucial role in deriving adaptive laws for control parameters. The simulation and hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) studies show that the proposed algorithm actually delivers the promise of satisfactory performance despite the system characteristics variations and uncertainties.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.1682-1701
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose an intergraded unified imperfect CSI model and investigate the joined effects of feedback delay and channel estimation errors (CEE) for two-hop relaying systems with transmit beamforming and relay selection. We derived closed-form expressions for important performance measures including the exact analysis and lower bounds of outage probability as well as error performance. The ergodic capacity is also included with closed-form results. Furthermore, diversity and coding gains based on the asymptotic analysis at high SNRs are also presented, which are simple and concise and provide new analytical insights into the corresponding power allocation scheme. The analysis indicates that delay effect results in the coding gain loss and the diversity order loss, while CEE will merely cause the coding gain loss. Numerical results verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the system is more sensitive to transmit beamforming delay compared with relay selection delay and also verify the superiority of optimum power allocation. We further investigate the outage loss due to the CEE and feedback delays, which indicates that the effect of the CEE is more influential at low-to-medium SNR, and then it will hand over the dominate role to the feedback delay.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2011

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation of linear algebra and arises in many areas of science and engineering. This paper introduces an efficient parallel matrix multiplication scheme on N ${\times}$ N mesh-connected SIMD array processor, called multiple hierarchical SIMD architecture (HMSA). The architectural characteristic of HMSA is the hierarchically structured control units which consist of a global control unit, N local control units configured diagonally, and $N^2$ processing elements (PEs) arranged in an N ${\times}$ N array. PEs are communicating through local buses connecting four adjacent neighbor PEs in mesh-torus networks and global buses running across the rows and columns called horizontal buses and vertical buses, respectively. This architecture enables HMSA to have the features of diagonally indexed concurrent broadcast and the accessibility to either rows (row control mode) or columns (column control mode) of 2D array PEs alternately. An algorithmic mapping method is used for performance evaluation by mapping matrix multiplication on the proposed architecture. The asymptotic time complexities of them are evaluated and the result shows that paralle matrix multiplication on HMSA can provide significant performance improvement.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2006

서보 드라이브의 성능 향상을 위해 AC 서보 전동기의 MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control) 기반 적응 전류 제어 기법이 제시된다. 인버터 구동 전류 제어 기법 중 예측형 전류 제어 기법은 이상적인 과도 응답 및 정상 상태 응답을 주지만, 전동기 파라미터 변화 시 정상상태 응답 성능이 저하된다. 이러한 제한 점을 극복하기 위해 파라미터 변화에 의한 외란이 MRAC 기법에 의해 추정되어 전향 제어에 의해 보상된다. 제안된 방식은 기존의 외란 추정 방식과 달리 관측기 구성을 위한 인버터의 상전압 측정을 필요로 하지 않는다. 제안된 적응 제어 방식의 점근안정성과 효과적으로 서보 드라이브에 적용될 수 있음이 입증된다. 제안된 방식이 DSP TMS320C31을 이용하여 구현되고 유용성이 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통해 입증된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.38-59
• /
• 2022

Web services instances can be classified into two categories, namely trusted and untrusted from users. A web service with high throughput (TP) and low response time (RT) instance values is a trusted web service. Web services are not trustworthy due to the mismatch in the guaranteed instance values and the actual values achieved by users. To perform web services selection from users' attained TP and RT values, we need to verify the correct prediction of trusted and untrusted instances from invoked web services. This accurate prediction of web services instances is used to perform the selection of web services. We propose to construct fuzzy rules to label web services instances correctly. This paper presents web services selection using a well-known machine learning algorithm, namely REPTree, for the correct prediction of trusted and untrusted instances. Performance comparison of REPTree with five machine learning models is conducted on web services datasets. We have performed experiments on web services datasets using a ten k-fold cross-validation method. To evaluate the performance of the REPTree classifier, we used accuracy metrics (Sensitivity and Specificity). Experimental results showed that web service (WS1) gained top selection score with the (47.0588%) trusted instances, and web service (WS2) was selected the least with (25.00%) trusted instances. Evaluation results of the proposed web services selection approach were found as (asymptotic sig. = 0.019), demonstrating the relationship between final selection and recommended trust score of web services.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.446-460
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we mathematically investigate a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system for short-packet communications (SPC) in which the near users are used as full-duplex (FD) relays to forward intended signals from the source to a far user. In addition, partial relay selection is employed to enhance the performance of the FD relays under the impact of imperfect interference cancellation. At the far user, selection combining (SC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC) is employed to combine the signals received from the source and the selected FD relay. The analytical expressions for the average block error rate (BLER) of two users over flat Rayleigh fading channels are derived. Furthermore, closed-form asymptotic expressions of the average BLERs at the near and far users in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes are obtained. The numerical results show that the analytical BLERs of the near user and far user closely match the simulation results.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제29권12A호
• /
• pp.1356-1366
• /
• 2004

IEEE 802.11 위원회는 트래픽 클래스 별로 상이한 서비스 품질(QoS)을 제공하는 새로운 분산 MAC 방안인 EDCF를 최근 제안했다. 우리는 해석적 방법을 통해 이 새로운 방안의 성능 및 QoS 지원 특성을 분석하고 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존 DCF 성능 분석 연구 성과를 수정 및 확장하여 임계 상황에서 EDCF의 성능을 클래스 별로 예측할 수 있는 성능 분석 모형을 개발하였다. 개발한 모형의 타당성 검증을 위해 수행한 심도 깊은 시뮬레이션 결과 모형이 매우 신뢰할 수 있는 수준으로 EDCF의 성능과 지연을 예측함을 확인하였다. 개발한 분석 모형을 활용한 평가 작업을 통해 EDCF의 특성, 특히 각종 EDCF 인자들, 즉 AIFS, CW/Sub min/, CW/Sub max/ 등이 성능과 QoS에 미치는 여러 중요한 특성을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 M-채널 서브밴드 QMF 필터 뱅크를 이용한 웨이브릿 변환기반 적응 음향반향제거기를 제안한다. 제안한 적응 음향반향제거기는 웨이브릿변환 필터뱅크의 적은 계산량, 서브밴드 처리 및 웨이브릿 서브밴드 필터의 직교성에 의해 정상상태 성능을 향상시키고, 실시간 처리가 가능하도록 구현한다. 각 서브밴드에서 적응필터의 계수적응을 위한 알고리듬으로는 실시간 반향제거와 하드웨어 구현시 비용감소를 위하여 계산량이 적고 구현이 간단한 LMS 적응 알고리듬을 사용한다. 제안한 적응 음향반향제거기의 성능평가를 위한 실험으로서 백색 가우시안 잡음 및 주변잡음을 포함한 실제의 음성신호를 입력신호로 반향제거 기에 인가하여 반향성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과로서 제안한 음향반향제거기는 웨이브릿 완전복원 필터뱅크에 의해 수렴후 점근적 에러가 적고, 적은 계산량을 요구하며 안정한 수렴성능을 나타내었다.