• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.863-865
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 비대칭 이중게이트 MOSFET의 채널 내 도핑농도분포에 대한 드레인유도장벽감소(Drain Induced Barrier Lowering; DIBL)에 대하여 분석하고자한다. DIBL은 드레인 전압에 의하여 소스 측 전위장벽이 낮아지는 효과로서 중요한 단채널 효과이다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 포아송방정식을 이용하여 해석학적 전위분포를 구하였으며 전위분포에 영향을 미치는 채널도핑농도의 분포함수변화에 대하여 DIBL을 관찰하였다. 채널길이, 채널두께, 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께, 하단 게이트 전압 등을 파라미터로 하여 DIBL을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 DIBL은 채널도핑농도분포함수의 변수인 이온주입범위 및 분포편차에 변화를 나타냈다. 특히 두 변수에 대한 DIBL의 변화는 최대채널도핑농도가 $10^{18}/cm^3$ 정도로 고도핑 되었을 경우 더욱 현저히 나타나고 있었다. 채널길이가 감소할수록 그리고 채널두께가 증가할수록 DIBL은 증가하였으며 하단 게이트 전압과 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께가 증가할수록 DIBL은 증가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.745-748
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 비대칭 이중게이트(double gate; DG) MOSFET의 채널길이에 대한 문턱전압이하 스윙의 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 문턱전압이하 스윙은 트랜지스터의 디지털특성을 결정하는 중요한 요소로서 채널길이가 감소하면 특성이 저하되는 문제가 나타나고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 개발된 DGMOSFET의 문턱전압이하 스윙의 채널길이에 대한 변화를 채널두께, 산화막두께, 상하단 게이트 전압 및 도핑농도 등에 따라 조사하고자 한다. 특히 하단 게이트 구조를 상단과 달리 제작할 수 있는 비대칭 DGMOSFET에 대하여 문턱전압이하 스윙을 분석함으로써 하단 게이트 전압 및 하단 산화막 두께 등에 대하여 자세히 관찰하였다. 문턱전압이하 스윙의 해석학적 모델을 구하기 위하여 포아송방정식에서 해석학적 전위분포모델을 유도하였으며 도핑분포함수는 가우스분포함수를 사용하였다. 결과적으로 문턱전압이하 스윙은 상하단 게이트 전압 및 채널도핑농도 그리고 채널의 크기에 매우 민감하게 변화하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.194-213
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• 2022

This study comprehensively reviewed four types of integrated-optic electric-field sensors based on titanium diffused lithium-niobate waveguides: symmetric and asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, 1×2 directional couplers, and Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometers. First, we briefly explain the crystal properties and electro-optic effect of lithium niobate and the waveguide fabrication process. We theoretically analyzed the key parameters and operating principles of each sensor and antennas. We also describe and compare the design, simulation, implementation, and performance tests: dc and ac characteristics, frequency response, dynamic range, and sensitivity. The experimental results revealed that the sensitivity of the sensor based on the Y-fed balanced bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI) was higher than that of the other types of sensors.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-53
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• 2012

As so many marketers get to use diverse sales promotion methods, manufacturer and retailer in a channel often use them too. In this context, diverse issues on sales promotion management arise. One of them is the issue of unplanned buying. Consumers' unplanned buying is clearly better off for the retailer but not for manufacturer. This asymmetric influence of unplanned buying should be dealt with prudently because of its possibility of provocation of channel conflict. However, there have been scarce studies on the sales promotion management strategy considering the unplanned buying and its asymmetric effect on retailer and manufacturer. In this paper, we try to find a better way for a manufacturer in a channel to promote performance through the retailer's sales promotion efforts when there is potential of unplanned buying effect. We investigate via game-theoretic modeling what is the optimal cost sharing level between the manufacturer and retailer when there is unplanned buying effect. We investigated following issues about the topic as follows: (1) What structure of cost sharing mechanism should the manufacturer and retailer in a channel choose when unplanned buying effect is strong (or weak)? (2) How much payoff could the manufacturer and retailer in a channel get when unplanned buying effect is strong (or weak)? We focus on the impact of unplanned buying effect on the optimal cost sharing mechanism for sales promotions between a manufacturer and a retailer in a same channel. So we consider two players in the game, a manufacturer and a retailer who are interacting in a same distribution channel. The model is of complete information game type. In the model, the manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader and the retailer is the follower. Variables in the model are as following table. Manufacturer's objective function in the basic game is as follows: ${\Pi}={\Pi}_1+{\Pi}_2$, where, ${\Pi}_1=w_1(1+L-p_1)-{\psi}^2$, ${\Pi}_2=w_2(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. And retailer's is as follows: ${\pi}={\pi}_1+{\pi}_2$, where, ${\pi}_1=(p_1-w_1)(1+L-p_1)-L(L-{\psi})+p_u(b+L-p_u)$, ${\pi}_2=(p_2-w_2)(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. The model is of four stages in two periods. Stages of the game are as follows. (Stage 1) Manufacturer sets wholesale price of the first period($w_1$) and cost sharing level of channel sales promotion(${\Psi}$). (Stage 2) Retailer sets retail price of the focal brand($p_1$), the unplanned buying item($p_u$), and sales promotion level(L). (Stage 3) Manufacturer sets wholesale price of the second period($w_2$). (Stage 4) Retailer sets retail price of the second period($p_2$). Since the model is a kind of dynamic games, we try to find a subgame perfect equilibrium to derive some theoretical and managerial implications. In order to obtain the subgame perfect equilibrium, we use the backward induction method. In using backward induction approach, we solve the problems backward from stage 4 to stage 1. By completely knowing follower's optimal reaction to the leader's potential actions, we can fold the game tree backward. Equilibrium of each variable in the basic game is as following table. We conducted more analysis of additional game about diverse cost level of manufacturer. Manufacturer's objective function in the additional game is same with that of the basic game as follows: ${\Pi}={\Pi}_1+{\Pi}_2$, where, ${\Pi}_1=w_1(1+L-p_1)-{\psi}^2$, ${\Pi}_2=w_2(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. But retailer's objective function is different from that of the basic game as follows: ${\pi}={\pi}_1+{\pi}_2$, where, ${\pi}_1=(p_1-w_1)(1+L-p_1)-L(L-{\psi})+(p_u-c)(b+L-p_u)$, ${\pi}_2=(p_2-w_2)(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. Equilibrium of each variable in this additional game is as following table. Major findings of the current study are as follows: (1) As the unplanned buying effect gets stronger, manufacturer and retailer had better increase the cost for sales promotion. (2) As the unplanned buying effect gets stronger, manufacturer had better decrease the cost sharing portion of total cost for sales promotion. (3) Manufacturer's profit is increasing function of the unplanned buying effect. (4) All results of (1),(2),(3) are alleviated by the increase of retailer's procurement cost to acquire unplanned buying items. The authors discuss the implications of those results for the marketers in manufacturers or retailers. The current study firstly suggests some managerial implications for the manufacturer how to share the sales promotion cost with the retailer in a channel to the high or low level of the consumers' unplanned buying potential.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.8
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• pp.651-659
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider a two way relay network for ship-to-ship communications in a fleet, where two communicating ships exchange the information with the help of a multi-antenna relay ship. For the network, we propose a rate-aware three-phase analog network coding to improve the reliability of the information exchange with asymmetric rates. The proposed scheme allows low-complex implementation of the relay without channel estimation by generating an improved analog network coded signal with the orthogonally received signals from two ships by using only the received signal power at each antenna. In addition, the proposed scheme reduces outages in the data exchange at asymmetric rates by adopting a rate-aware relay power allocation, which is confirmed by evaluating the outage performance via simulation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

This paper presents a high power and high efficiency unbalanced Doherty power amplifier used to extend the output power back-off (OPBO). The proposed unbalanced amplifier uses the same type of transistors in both the main amplifier and the peaking amplifier, similar to a conventional symmetric Doherty amplifier. The unbalanced amplifier can have the impedance of a ${\lambda}/4$ transformer located at the output of the main amplifier modified. This enables the OPBO to exceed 6 dB, the maximum OPBO for a conventional symmetric Doherty amplifier. The efficiency and linearity performance of the unbalanced Doherty amplifier are almost same as those found for the asymmetric Doherty amplifier, even though the unbalanced Doherty amplifier structure is simpler than the asymmetric Doherty structure. In order to verify the proposed amplifier performance, a 46 W Doherty amplifier has been both simulated and measured using a CDMA2000 1FA signal. From the measured results, the proposed unbalanced Doherty amplifier achieved an added power efficiency of 38 % and an adjacent channel power ratio of -34 dBc at a 885 kHz offset frequency and -35.6 dBc at a 1.98 MHz offset frequency.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

One interesting problem regarding wireless local area network (WLAN) ad-hoc networks is the effective mitigation of hidden nodes. The WLAN standard IEEE 802.11 provides request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) as mitigation for the hidden node problem; however, this causes the exposed node problem. The first 802.11 standard provided only two transmission rates, 1 and 2 Mbps, and control frames, such as RTS/CTS assumed to be sent at 1 Mbps. The 802.11 standard has been enhanced several times since then and now it supports multi-rate transmission up to 65 Mbps in the currently popular 802.11n (20 MHz channel, single stream with long guard interval). As a result, the difference in transmission rates and coverages between the data frame and control frame can be very large. However adjusting the RTS/CTS transmission rate to optimize network throughput has not been well investigated. In this paper, we propose a method to decrease the number of exposed nodes by increasing the RTS transmission rate to decrease RTS coverage. Our proposed method, Asymmetric Range by Multi-Rate Control (ARMRC), can decrease or even completely eliminate exposed nodes and improve the entire network throughput. Experimental results by simulation show that the network throughput in the proposed method is higher by 20% to 50% under certain conditions, and the proposed method is found to be effective in equalizing dispersion of throughput among nodes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3131-3149
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• 2016

In-band Full-duplex (IBFD) wireless communication allows improved throughput for wireless networks. The current Half-duplex (HD) medium access mechanism Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) has been directly applied to IBFD wireless networks. However, this is only able to support a symmetric dual link, and does not provide the full advantages of IBFD. To increase network throughput in a superior way to the HD mechanism, a novel three-way handshaking access mechanism RTS/SRTS (Second Request to Send)/CTS is proposed for point to multipoint (PMP) IBFD wireless networks, which can support both symmetric dual link and asymmetric dual link communication. In this approach, IBFD wireless communication only requires one channel access for two-way simultaneous packet transmissions. We first describe the RTS/SRTS/CTS mechanism and the symmetric/asymmetric dual link transmission procedure and then provide a theoretical analysis of network throughput and delay using a Markov model. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the RTS/SRTS/CTS access mechanism shows improved performance relative to that of the RTS/CTS HD access mechanism.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Integrated-optic symmetric/asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers at $1.3{\mu}m$ wavelength were studied as sensing part for electric-field measurement system. The devices were simulated based on the BPM software and fabricated utilizing Ti-diffused $LiNbO_3$ channel optical waveguides and lumped-type electrodes. A half-wave voltage of $V_{\pi}$=6.6V and modulation depth of 100% and 75% for a symmetric structure were measured for 200Hz and 1kHz electrical signal bandwidth, respectively. By the way, almost half-maximum power transmission was observed for asymmetric interferometers with ${\pi}$/2 intrinsic phase difference. Expected experimental measurements were observed for 1kHz electrical signal bandwidth.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2017

This study tries to analyze topographic distribution and characteristics of as well as formative age and incision rate of fluvial terraces in Danyang River on western side and Geum River on eastern side of the northern Sobaek Mountains and to estimate geomorphic development during the late Quaternary in the mountains regarded as one of the uplift axes in the Korean Peninsula. OSL age dating shows that the fluvial terrace I with an altitude above riverbed of approximately 7~13 m in Danyang River has a formative age of approximately 18 ka (MIS 2) and incision rate in the river is approximately 0.156~0.194 m/ka based on the age. Altitudes above riverbed of the fluvial terrace I in Geum River range from approximately 7 to 14 m and the terrace is thought to be older than 70 ka based on age result from aeolian sediments above the terrace deposits, suggestive of an incision rate less than approximately 0.10 m/ka. These results indicate lower uplift rate in the northern Sobaek Mountains than in the Taebaek Mountains. Moreover, it can be suggested that the northern Sobaek Mountains has experienced asymmetric uplift during the late Quaternary, because the river on western side of the northern Sobaek Mountains shows greater uplift rate than the eastern side river does. Low incision rate in Geum River can be attributed to low altitude of the river basin with little difference in altitude from the base level as well as to gentle river slope due to influence of Nakdong River.