• 센서학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.194-213
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• 2022

This study comprehensively reviewed four types of integrated-optic electric-field sensors based on titanium diffused lithium-niobate waveguides: symmetric and asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, 1×2 directional couplers, and Y-fed balanced-bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometers. First, we briefly explain the crystal properties and electro-optic effect of lithium niobate and the waveguide fabrication process. We theoretically analyzed the key parameters and operating principles of each sensor and antennas. We also describe and compare the design, simulation, implementation, and performance tests: dc and ac characteristics, frequency response, dynamic range, and sensitivity. The experimental results revealed that the sensitivity of the sensor based on the Y-fed balanced bridge Mach-Zehnder interferometer (YBB-MZI) was higher than that of the other types of sensors.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2020

A wavelength-independent optical sensor based on an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) is proposed. The optical sensor based on an AMZI is very sensitive to wavelength, and wavelength drift will lead to measurement error. The optical sensor is compensated to reduce its dependence on wavelength. The insensitivity of the optical sensor to wavelength mainly depends on the compensation structure, which is composed of an AMZI cascaded with another AMZI and can compensate the wavelength drift. The influence of wavelength drift on the optical sensor can be counteracted by carefully designing the size parameters of the compensation structure. When the wavelength changes from 1549.9 nm to 1550.1 nm, the error after compensation can be lower than 0.066%. Furthermore, the effect of fabrication tolerance on compensation results is analyzed. The proposed compensation method can also be used to compensate the drift of other parameters such as temperature, and can be applied to the compensation of other interference-based optical devices.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2012

전계 측정시스템에서 센서 감지부로 $1.3{\mu}m$ 파장대역에서 동작하는 비대칭 구조의 집적광학 Mach-Zehnder 광변조기를 구현하였다. BPM 전산모사를 통해서 소자의 동작 특성을 검증하였고, $LiNbO_3$에 Ti 확산방법으로 구현된 채널 광도파로에 평판형 안테나가 부착된 집중 전극구조 배열하여 전계 센서를 제작하였다. 500 KHz, 5 MHz 각각의 주파수에서 측정 가능한 최소 전계는 1.02 V/m, 6.91 V/m로 평가 되었으며, 이에 대응되는 각 주파수에서 ~35 dB, ~10 dB의 다이나믹 범위가 측정되었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

$1.3{\mu}m$ 파장에서 동작하는 비대칭 Mach-Zehnder 간섭기에 분할전극 구조를 배열하여 전계 측정시스템의 감지부를 설계, 제작하였다. BPM 전산모사를 통해서 소자를 설계하였고, $LiNbO_3$에 Ti 확산방법으로 구현된 채널 광도파로에 집중 전극구조를 배열하여 집적광학 칩을 제작하였다. ${\pi}/2$ 위상차를 갖도록 설계된 비대칭 구조에서는 DC 0V에서 측정된 출력 광세기가 최고치에 약 1//2에 해당됨을 확인하였으며, 1KHz 전기신호를 인가해서 ${\pi}/2$ 위상차 때문에 나타나는 전기적 현상들을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

전계 측정시스템에서 센서 감지부로 $1.3{\mu}m$ 파장에서 동작하는 대칭/비대칭 구조의 Mach-Zehnder 간섭기를 구현하였다. BPM 전산모사를 통해서 소자를 설계하였고, $LiNbO_3$에 Ti 확산방법으로 구현된 채널 광도파로에 집중전극구조를 배열하여 집적광학 칩을 제작하였다. 대칭 구조로 위상차가 없도록 제작된 소자는 전기신호 200Hz, 1kHZ 구형 파형에서 반 파장전압 $V_{\pi}$=6.6V, 변조 깊이 100%, 75%로 각각 측정되었다. 한편 ${\pi}$/2 위상차를 갖도록 설계된 비대칭 구조에서는 DC 0V에서 측정된 출력 광세기가 최고치에 약 1//2에 해당됨을 확인하였으며, 1kHz 전기 신호를 인가해서 ${\pi}$/2 위상차 때문에 나타나는 전기적 현상들을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2006

Optical waveguide based on symmetric and asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) type was designed, fabricated and measured the optical characteristics for the application of biosensor. The wavelength of the input optical signal for the device was 1550 nm. And the difference of refractive index was $0.45\;{\Delta}\%$ between core and cladding of the device. The TM(Transverse Magnetic) mode optical properties of the biosensor were analyzed with the refractive index variation of gold thin film deposited for overclad. Nowadays, nano-photonic crystal structures have been paied much attention for its high optical sensitivity. There is a technique to realize the structure, which is called Dip-Pen Nanolithography(DPN) process. The process requires a nano-scale process patterning resolution and high reliability. In this paper, two dimensional nano-photonic crystal array on the surface was proposed for improving the sensitivity of optical biosensor. And the Dip-Pen Nanolithogrphy process was investigated to realize it.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.592-603
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• 2015

In this paper, an optical implementation of a novel asymmetrical cryptosystem combined with D-H secret key sharing and triple DES is proposed. The proposed optical cryptosystem is realized by performing free-space interconnected optical logic operations such as AND, OR and XOR which are implemented in Mach-Zehnder type interferometer architecture. The advantage of the proposed optical architecture provides dual outputs simultaneously, and the encryption optical setup can be used as decryption optical setup only by changing the inputs of SLMs. The proposed cryptosystem can provide higher security strength than the conventional electronic algorithm, because the proposed method uses 2-D array data, which can increase the key length surprisingly and uses 3DES algorithm, which protects against “meet in the middle” attacks. Another advantage of the proposed asymmetrical cryptosystem is that it is free to change the user’s two private random numbers in generating the public keys at any time. Numerical simulation and performance analysis verify that the proposed asymmetric cryptosystem is effective and robust against attacks for the asymmetrical cipher system.