• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.489-493
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• 2008

In 2004, Jorgensen and coworkers proposed the MUC4 gene as a candidate gene of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor in piglets and a mutation of $G{\rightarrow}C$ in intron 7 of MUC4 was identified to be associated with the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes. In this study, we used 310 piglets of three breeds (Landrace, Large White and Chinese Songliao Black) to analyze the relationship between this mutation and the F4ab/ac adhesion phenotype. The results show that the genotypes at this site and the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes were not completely consistent, although they are very strongly associated. Among the individuals with genotype CC, which was identified as a resistant genotype to F4ab/ac adhesion, only 72.1% (124/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ab and 77.9% (134/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ac infections. This suggests that this mutation may not be the causative mutation for ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion, rather, the actual causative mutation may be in another gene closely linked to MUC4, or at aother site within the MUC4 gene. Our results also suggest that the receptors of F4ab and F4ac may be determined by two different but closely linked loci. In order to screen other genes related to F4ab/ac adhesion in piglets, the mRNA profiles from six full sib piglets, of which three were adhesive to ETEC F4ab/ac and three non-adhesive, were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). One up-regulated gene, Ep-CAM, was selected for further analysis based on its role in the intestinal epithelial cells adhesion. Using real-time RT-PCR, we found that the Ep-CAM gene was significantly up-regulated in the piglets adhesive to F4ab/ac. It was mapped to SSC3q11-q14 by radiation hybrid mapping.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2020

Purpose: Recently, totally laparoscopic gastrectomy has been gradually accepted by surgeons worldwide for gastric cancer treatment. Complete dissection of the lymph nodes and the establishment of the surgical margin are the most important considerations for curative gastric cancer surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that indocyanine green (ICG)-traced laparoscopic gastrectomy significantly improves the completeness of lymph node dissection. However, it remains difficult to identify the tumor location intraoperatively for gastric cancers that are staged ≤T3. Here, we investigated the feasibility of ICG fluorescence for lymph node mapping and tumor localization during totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Preoperative and perioperative data from consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent a totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were collected and analyzed. The patients were categorized into the ICG (n=61) or the non-ICG (n=75) group based on whether preoperative endoscopic mucosal ICG injection was performed. Results: The ICG group had a shorter operation time and less intraoperative blood loss. Moreover, significantly more lymph nodes were harvested in the ICG group than the non-ICG group. No pathologically positive margin was found and there was no significant difference in either the proximal or distal surgical margins between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with ICG can be successfully used in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, and it contributes to both the completeness of D2 lymph node dissection and confirmation of the gastric transection line. Well-designed prospective randomized studies are needed in the future to fully validate our findings.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제62권
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• pp.30-50
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• 2013

이 연구는 젠더연구에서 몸과 테크놀로지가 가지는 의미를 고찰함으로써, '여성'이라는 범주가 고정된 것이 아니라 '여성되기'의 진행적인 과정임을 제시한다. 신자유주의 시대에 젠더 정체성은 여성과 테크놀로지의 관계를 재설정해야 할 여러 가지 문제들을 제시하고 있으며, 이 관계의 역동성을 이해하기 위해서는 '몸'의 문제를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 먼저 페미니즘 연구와 젠더 연구 전반에서 몸에 대한 담론이 진행되어온 과정과 의미를 탐색했다. 이어서 몸과 젠더의 관계에서 테크놀로지가 갖는 위치를 살펴보고, 몸이 젠더 정체성을 주체적으로 수행하는 동시에 정체성이 구성되기도 하는 담론의 장이자 물질적 장소임을 주장했다. 마지막으로는 몸과 젠더와 테크놀로지의 삼자관계에 집중한 사이버페미니즘의 논의를 구체적으로 살펴봄으로써, '여성되기'에서 테크놀로지가 갖는 역할과 의미를 재고해야 할 필요성에 대해 논의했다. 결국 여성되기에 있어서 테크놀로지가 갖는 의미를 살펴보는 일은, 일상의 경험 세계에서 몸이 지니는 담론적이고 실천적인 의미에 대한 숙고를 통해 이루어져야 함을 제시했다. '여성되기'의 가능성은, 몸-젠더-테크놀로지의 접합방식과 과정에 대한 탐구를 통해 젠더의 (재)구성을 살펴볼 때만 상상될 수 있을 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.301-328
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• 2006

인도네시아 중부 칼리만탄 뚬방미리 지역의 지질은 하부로부터 석탄-페름기의 피노변성암류, 백악기 세파욱심성암류, 에오세말기의 탄중층과 올리고세의 말라산화산암류로 구성되며, 올리고세-마이오세초기의 신탕관입암류가 상기한 모든 지층들을 관입하고 있다. 지화학탐사와 지질조사 결과를 종합한 결과는 조사대상지역인 뚬방미리 전역에 걸쳐 상당량의 함금 석영맥이 존재했었음을 밝혀내었다. 하천의 바닥 퇴적물을 팬닝한 산물이나 제4기 퇴적층의 하부 역암질층에서 눈으로 관찰 할 수 있을 만큼 많은 곳에서 금이 관찰되었다. 타란 지역을 제외하고는 대부분의 조사대상지역에서 석영맥의 잔류가 남아있지는 않지만 부정합면 바로 상위나 고하상에 해당하는 부위가 석영자갈과 점토를 이루어져 있고 금입자를 함유하고 있다는 사실은 금 입자가 석영맥으로부터 분리되었음을 암시해주고 있다. 현재 강을 따라 여러 곳에서 수면보다 약 10-20cm 상위에 자갈과 점토층이 발달해 있고, 지화학탐사 시료를 채취하는 과정에서 무작위로 선정하여 금의 함유 여부를 점검한 결과 대부분의 경우 금 입자를 볼 수 있었다. 수면위의 역암질층은 제4기 고하상에 해당하므로 금이 퇴적되는 것은 하상의 모양이나, 강물의 유속과 강 흐름의 모양 그리고 근원암으로부터의 거리에 따라 좌우되었을 것으로 가정된다. 모든 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 타란지역과 따까오이 북부지역을 유망지역으로 추천한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2015

배나무는 원산지와 분화방향에 따라 유럽, 미국, 호주 등에서 주로 재배되는 서양배와 중국, 일본, 한국 등 동남 아시아 지역을 중심으로 분포 및 재배되고 있는 동양배로 구분된다. 17개의 기본염색체를 가진 배나무는 대부분 이배성(2n=2x=34)이며, 단일 S 유전자좌에 의해 조절되는 자가불화합성과 과수 작물의 주요 특징인 유년성으로 인해 유전 연구 및 정밀한 품종 육성에 큰 제한을 받고 있다. 배나무속 식물의 유전연구는 분자생물학 관련 기술의 발달로 다양한 형태의 분자 표지의 개발이 이루어짐과 동시에 유연관계분석, 유전자지도작성, QTL 분석과 같은 다양한 유전연구에 활발히 이용되었다. 또한 배나무의 유전자지도는 병 저항성이나 다양한 유용형질과 연관된 QTL 확인을 위한 연구로 이어지고 있다. 대량 병렬 반응 및 다중처리를 토대로 획기적인 염기서열 분석 비용의 감소를 이뤄낸 NGS 기술은 대용량, 고효율, 저비용으로 식물 유전체 해독을 가능하게 하여, 중국배 'Danshansuli'와 유럽배 'Bartlett'에서 유전체 분석이 완료되었다. 최근 국내에서는 황금배, 청실리 및 미니배의 resequencing 및 GBS를 통한 SNP 탐색 등의 연구를 통해 화기, 숙기 당도 등 농업적으로 유용형질에 대한 게놈전체 연관분석을 수행하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.880-884
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• 2001

Rumen microbiology research has undergone several evolutionary steps: the isolation and nutritional characterization of readily cultivated microbes; followed by the cloning and sequence analysis of individual genes relevant to key digestive processes; through to the use of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences for a cultivation-independent examination of microbial diversity. Our knowledge of rumen microbiology has expanded as a result, but the translation of this information into productive alterations of ruminal function has been rather limited. For instance, the cloning and characterization of cellulase genes in Escherichia coli has yielded some valuable information about this complex enzyme system in ruminal bacteria. SSU rRNA analyses have also confirmed that a considerable amount of the microbial diversity in the rumen is not represented in existing culture collections. However, we still have little idea of whether the key, and potentially rate-limiting, gene products and (or) microbial interactions have been identified. Technologies allowing high throughput nucleotide and protein sequence analysis have led to the emergence of two new fields of investigation, genomics and proteomics. Both disciplines can be further subdivided into functional and comparative lines of investigation. The massive accumulation of microbial DNA and protein sequence data, including complete genome sequences, is revolutionizing the way we examine microbial physiology and diversity. We describe here some examples of our use of genomics- and proteomics-based methods, to analyze the cellulase system of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and explore the genome of Ruminococcus albus 8. At Illinois, we are using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors to create libraries containing large (>75 kbases), contiguous segments of DNA from R. flavefaciens FD-1. Considering that every bacterium is not a candidate for whole genome sequencing, BAC libraries offer an attractive, alternative method to perform physical and functional analyses of a bacterium's genome. Our first plan is to use these BAC clones to determine whether or not cellulases and accessory genes in R. flavefaciens exist in clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). Proteomics is also being used to complement the BAC library/DNA sequencing approach. Proteins differentially expressed in response to carbon source are being identified by 2-D SDS-PAGE, followed by in-gel-digests and peptide mass mapping by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, as well as peptide sequencing by Edman degradation. At Ohio State, we have used a combination of functional proteomics, mutational analysis and differential display RT-PCR to obtain evidence suggesting that in addition to a cellulosome-like mechanism, R. albus 8 possesses other mechanisms for adhesion to plant surfaces. Genome walking on either side of these differentially expressed transcripts has also resulted in two interesting observations: i) a relatively large number of genes with no matches in the current databases and; ii) the identification of genes with a high level of sequence identity to those identified, until now, in the archaebacteria. Genomics and proteomics will also accelerate our understanding of microbial interactions, and allow a greater degree of in situ analyses in the future. The challenge is to utilize genomics and proteomics to improve our fundamental understanding of microbial physiology, diversity and ecology, and overcome constraints to ruminal function.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2014

본 연구는 유아교사와 예비유아교사들을 대상으로 '숲교육'에 대한 교사의 지식 내용과 수준을 분석하여 그들의 현 지식수준을 파악하고, 이를 토대로 '숲교육' 활성화를 위한 교사교육의 방향성을 모색해보고자 하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 B시에 소재한 유아교사 39명과 3, 4년제 유아교육과에 재학 중인 예비유아교사 60명, 총 99명을 대상으로 상위개념의 수, 내용요소에 따른 수, 종속 개념의 수, 특성, 위계, 밀도 등을 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아교사와 예비유아교사 모두 '숲교육'에서 '자연(숲)'의 개념을 가장 중요하게 생각하고 있었다. 둘째, 유아교사의 '숲교육'에 대한 상위개념에서 종속개념은 '생명', 위계는 '치유'와 '생명', 특성화 점수는 '숲 체험'이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 밀도는 1.00에서 4.80의 범위로 나타났다. 셋째, 예비유아교사의 '숲교육'에 대한 상위개념에서 종속개념은 '자연(숲)', 위계는 생명과 자연(숲), 특성점수는 '자연(숲)'이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 밀도는 1.00에서 6.78의 범위로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여 '숲교육'에 대한 교사의 지식과 지식수준의 문제점 진단 및 '숲교육' 활성화를 위한 교사교육의 방향성에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구는 숲유치원의 올바른 정착을 위한 사전교육과 재교육에 기초자료를 제공하여, 숲교육이 올바르게 실천될 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것을 기대한다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2000

A clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae K7746 produced the extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL) SHV-12. A 6.6 kb BamHI fragment containing the $bla_{SHV-12}$ gene of K7746 strain was cloned into pCRScriptCAM vector resulting in the recombinant plasmid p7746-Cl. The restriction map of 3.6 kb inserted DNA and sequences immediately surrounding $bla_{SHV-12}$ of p7746-C1 were homologous to plasmid pMPA2a carrying $bla_{SHV-2a}$. In addition, both $bla_{SHV-12}$ and $bla_{SHV-2a}$ were expressed from a common hybrid promoter made of the -35 region derived from the left inverted repeat of IS26 and the -10 region from the $bla_{SHV}$ promoter itself. The results indicate that $bla_{SHV-12}$ and $bla_{SHV-2a}$ may have evolved from a common ancestor in the sequential order of $bla_{SHV-2a}$ first, followed by $bla_{SHV-12}$. Furthermore, by the PCR mapping method using primers corresponding to the IS26 and $bla_{SHV}$, the association between IS26 and $bla_{SHV}$ was studied in 12 clinical isolates carrying $bla_{SHV-2a}$, 27 clinical isolates carrying $bla_{SHV-12}$, and 5 reference strains carrying $bla_{SHV-1}$ to $bla_{SHV-5}$. All 39 strains carrying $bla_{SHV-2a}$ or $bla_{SHV-12}$ were positive by the PCR, providing confirmative evidence that IS26 has been involved in the evolution and dissemination of $bla_{SHV-2a}$ and $bla_{SHV-12}$. But 5 reference strains carrying $bla_{SHV-1}$ to $bla_{SHV-5}$ were negative by the PCR. Therefore, we concluded that the molecular evolutionary pathway of $bla_{SHV-2a}$ and $bla_{SHV-12}$ may be different from that of other $bla_{SHV-ESBL}$, e.g., $bla_{SHV-2}$, $bla_{SHV-3}$, $bla_{SHV-4}$, and $bla_{SHV-5}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2007

The current study was conducted to evaluate carcass characteristics, objectives and sensory meat qualities of Hanwoo longissimus muscle as affected by ultimate pH. Twenty-four steers and bulls ($556{\pm}53$ kg and $0.63{\pm}0.32$cm for live weight and backfat thickness, respectively) were used. As there was a linear relationship (r = 0.77) between lean meat color and ultimate pH, cattles were thus segregated into normal $pH{\leq}5.8$, Normal, n = 13) and DFD (pH>5.8, n = 11) groups. Normal pH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher carcass weight, marbling score and backfat thickness than those for high pH group, while fat color and lean meat color were inverse. In principle component analysis for co-ordinates of DFD and normal meats, fat color, lean meat color, texture, time to pH 6.2 and pH at 24 h postmortem were associated with the positive range of the first factor (67.5%) while backfat thickness marbling score and temperature at 24 h were placed in negative values. The rate constant of decline in pH (pH k) did not differ between the two groups, implying that initial pH (i.e., pH at slaughtering) differed between two groups. Contour mapping of pH k between pH at 1 and 24 h postmortem indicated that high pH k was related to lower pHs at 1 and 24 h postmortem. This suggested that the high pH cattles (i.e., DFD cattle) resulted from their own potential. Although the time to reach pH 6.2 was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for normal meat (i.e., 3.2 h) than that for DFD one (i.e., 19.8 h), there were no significantly differences in both WB-shear force and sensory attributes. Given that the experimental animals were sampled from a similar group, which implies a similar myoglobin pigment content, the current data suggested that pre- and post-slaughter animal handling likely had a significant effect on ultimate pH and consequently meat color of Hanwoo longissimus muscle, and also small animals with lower marbling score and backfat thickness had a higher risk for DFD meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2013

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, the pattern of LD and effective population size ($N_e$) were investigated in Chinese beef Simmental cattle. A total of 640 bulls were genotyped with IlluminaBovinSNP50BeadChip and IlluminaBovinHDBeadChip. We estimated LD for each autosomal chromosome at the distance between two random SNPs of <0 to 25 kb, 25 to 50 kb, 50 to 100 kb, 100 to 500 kb, 0.5 to 1 Mb, 1 to 5 Mb and 5 to 10 Mb. The mean values of $r^2$ were 0.30, 0.16 and 0.08, when the separation between SNPs ranged from 0 to 25 kb to 50 to 100 kb and then to 0.5 to 1 Mb, respectively. The LD estimates decreased as the distance increased in SNP pairs, and increased with the increase of minor allelic frequency (MAF) and with the decrease of sample sizes. Estimates of effective population size for Chinese beef Simmental cattle decreased in the past generations and $N_e$ was 73 at five generations ago.