• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2015

Objectives : This study developed and validated the Perceived Stigma of Delirium Scale(PSDS), which is designed to measure perceived stigma associated with delirium in patients suffering from that disorder. Methods : Based on a literature review of scales assessing stigma, a preliminary scale comprising seven items was developed. After recovering from delirium, 128 patients completed the PSDS and the Distress Thermometer (DT). Factor analysis was used to examine construct validity, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined to ensure reliability. Concurrent validity was assessed using the correlation between the total scores on the PSDS and the DT. Results : Factor analysis yielded a single-factor structure from the seven candidate items. One item was excluded due to low factor loading. The internal consistency was computed and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.85 for the total score. The overall test-retest reliability was 0.71, with items ranging from 0.58 to 0.83. The total score on the PSDS was significantly correlated with the DT score. Conclusions : The PSDS may be a reliable, valid instrument for evaluating perceived stigma in patients who have recovered from delirium. Further study of the perceived stigma by delirium patients is required to assess the implications of the PSDS for clinical practice and research.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2C
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

The shear stiffness has become an important design parameter to understand the soil behavior. In particular, the elastic moduli and void ratio has been considered as important parameters for the design of the geotechnical structures. The objective of this paper is the development of the penetration type Field Velocity and Resistivity Probe (FVRP) which is able to assess the elastic moduli and void ratio based on the elastic wave velocities and electrical resistivity. The elastic waves including the compressional and shear wave are measured by piezo disk elements and bender elements. And the electrical resistivity is measured by the resistivity probe, which is manufactured and installed at the tip of the FVRP. The penetration tests are carried out in calibration chamber and field. In the laboratory calibration chamber test, after the sand-clay slurry mixtures are prepared and consolidated. The FVRP is progressively penetrated and the data are measured at each 1 cm. The field experiment is also carried out in the southern part of Korea Peninsular. Data gathering is performed in the depth of 6~20 m at each 10 cm. The elastic moduli and void ratio are estimated based on the analytical and empirical solutions by using the elastic wave velocities and electrical resistivity measured in the chamber and field. The void ratios based on the elastic wave velocities and the electrical resistivity are similar to the volume based void ratio. This study suggests that the FVRP, which evaluates the elastic wave velocities and the electrical resistivity, may be a useful instrument for assessing the elastic moduli and void ratio in soft soils.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2000

Objective：This study was performed in order to develop a measuring instrument for assessing and predicting delinquent behavior of the adolescents in Korea. Methods：This study was methodological research for developing a questionnaire for measuring delinquent behavior. Through the relevant literature review and personal interview using open-ended question with 12 adolescents in schools, outpatient basis and the juvenile corrective institutions, the author developed a pre-questionnaire with 31 items for assessing delinquent behavior among delinquentprone adolescents. Statistical method employed were test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing reliability and factor analysis for testing validity of this questionnaire, and t-test for mean difference between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents, using SAS program. Subject served for this study consisted of 2,177 adolescents including 1,206 students and 971 delinquent adolescents by proportional stratified random sampling method. Results：1) Three stable factors were emerged and these contributed 52.2% of the variance in the total score. All 31 items loaded above .40 on each factor. 2) Factor I was named as antisocial delinquent behavior(17 items), factor II was named as aggressive delinquent behavior(8 items), and factor III was named as psychopathic delinquent behavior(6 items). 3) Comparison of these 3 factors between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅰ(t=-42.91(student), -41.71(delinquent), p=.0001), factor II(t=-34.10(student), -35.72(delinquent), p=.0001), factor III(t=-14.24(student), -14.26 (delinquent), p=.0000), and total score(t=37.02(student), -36.38(delinquent), p=.0001). 4) Internal consistency reliability was tested by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .952 for total 31 items and .950, .866 and .721 for each 3 factors related to delinquent behavior. Conclusions：The author confirmed that this scale can use for measuring delinquent behavior, and hope to make a contribution to screening test and prevention of juvenile delinquency in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive tool for assessing dietary guideline adherence among older Korean adults, focusing on the domains of food and nutrient intake, eating habits, and dietary culture. Methods: Candidate items were selected through a literature search and expert advice. The degree of adherence to dietary guidelines was then evaluated through a face-to-face survey conducted on 800 elderly individuals across five nationwide regions. The items for dietary guideline adherence evaluation tool were selected through exploratory factor analysis of the candidate items in each of the three areas of the dietary guidelines, and construct validity was verified by performing confirmatory factor analysis. Using the path coefficient of the structural equation model, weights were assigned to each area and item to calculate the dietary guideline adherence score. A rating system for the evaluation tool was established based on national survey results. Results: A total of twenty-eight items were selected for evaluating dietary guideline adherence among the elderly. Thirteen items related to food intake, seven to eating habits, and eight to dietary culture. The average score for dietary guideline adherence was 56.9 points, with 49.8 points in the food intake area, 63.2 points in the eating habits area, and 58.6 points in the dietary culture area. Statistically significant correlations were found between dietary guideline adherence scores and food literacy (r = 0.679) and nutrition quotient scores (r = 0.750). Conclusion: The developed evaluation tool for dietary guideline adherence among Korean older adults can be used as a simple and effective instrument for comprehensively assessing their food and nutrient intake, dietary habits, and dietary culture.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.650-663
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the sanitation management items of school foodservice suppliers that require improvement, by assessing their sanitation practices with food commodities. Our field assessment was performed using a total of 20 vendors supplying agricultural products, meat products, seafoods and processed products; all were located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. The assessment tool for sanitation management was composed of 93 checklist items and was used to evaluate seven different categories; the facility and environment, management of the facility and equipment, food materials management, process control, water management, personal hygiene management, and laboratory instrument management. A score of two was given for "satisfactory", one for "fair", and zero for "unsatisfactory". The overall average supplier score was 1.7/2.0 (85.8%). The score of the seafood vendors was highest at 1.9 (95.4%), while the lowest score of 1.3 (65.7%) occurred with the processed product suppliers. Among the sanitation management categories, water management was scored at 2.0, while inspection management was lowest at 1.4. The subcategories indicating needed improvements for the processed product suppliers were raw materials, storage, transport and recall. For the agricultural product suppliers it was preparation management. furthermore, one item within the laboratory instrument management category was unsatisfactory for both the agricultural and processed product suppliers. In conclusion, these results can be used to develop sanitation management procedures for suppliers, as well as by administration agencies to evaluate and guide those suppliers.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the minor stress in daily life related to undergoing hemodialysis and the relationship between minor stresses, coping skills, and subjective quality of life among the patients with end stage renal disease. Methods : Seventy seven patients on hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Minor stress was assessed with daily stress inventory-Korean version(K-DSI), ways of coping checklist identified the use of the following coping strategies:problem-focused, seek social support, emotion-focused coping and wishful thinking. Socio-demographic data were obtained and World Health Organization-Quality of Life Scale(brief form) was also administered to subjects. Results : Participants mean age was $55.92{\pm}13.71$ years. The mean of the event, impact and impact/event (I/E) ratio scores of K-DSI were $29.06{\pm}21.57$, $88.69{\pm}75.88$ and $2.92{\pm}1.11$, respectively. These scores were much higher than normative data of K-DSI. Among the 5 categories of this inventory, the scores of cognitive stressors were highest. 5 categories of the inventory showed positive relationship with way of coping subscales, which showed coefficient of correlation between 0.259(p<.01) and 0.495(p<.001). However, no significant correlation was found between minor stress subscales and quality of life. Hemodialysis patients in our study used more emotional-focused coping methods, which was considered as passive way of cope than problem-orientated coping methods. Conclusion : The main findings of this study indicated that patients on hemodialysis showed higher level of perceived minor stress than normal population. The patients treated with hemodialysis tend to use passive way of coping primarily. For assessing the stress in patients on hemodialysis, clinician has to consider both level of perceived minor stress and the ways of coping the patients primarily use.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1996

Objective : This study was tried to investigate the specific relationships among cognitve function, neurbehavioral symptoms, and daily living functions, as well as provide the guidline of more proper clinical approches for patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Objects and Methods Subjects were 85 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT or MRI and controls were 195 normal persons matched by educational level with the subjects. The cognitive functions were evaluated by BNA(Benton neuropsychiatric assessment), subjective neurobehavioral symptoms by SCL-90-R(Sympton Check List-90-Revised), objective neurobehavioral symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function by GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument) and IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 1) Subjects showed significantly lower cognitive functions than controls in all tests of BNA except Lt-Rt Orientation Test(p=0.09) and facial Recognition Test(p=0.186). 2) In subjective neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly lower scores in all symptoms except anxiety(p=0.059), hostility(p=0.159), and phobic anxiety(p=0.849). But in objects neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly higher in scores in psychoticism (p=0.000) and neuroticism(p=0.025) of NRS. 3) The score of social functioning of GERRI(p=0.000) and that of IADL(p=0.000) were significantly higher in subjects than in controls. 4) for correlation between cognitive and daily living functions, there were significant correlations between the scores of all items on BNA and the score of cognitive or social function of GERRI and the socre of MDL in corntrols, whereas in subjects, there were significant correlations only between the scores of BNA and the score of IADL. 5) for correlation between neuroehavioral symptoms and daily living functions, there were significant correlatons between the socre of subjective neurobehavioral symptoms and the scores of all subscales of GERRI and the score of MDL in controls. On the contrary, in subjects, there were significant correlations between the score of social function of GERRI and the score of objective neurobehavioral symptoms such as psychoticism, agitiation-hostility, and decrease d motivation-emotional withdrawl. Conclusion : Above results suggest that disturbances in specific function of brain may play a role as a predictor of impairments with specific daily living functions and also suggest that specific correlations among various functions may be useful as clinical parameters for setting of the treatment goal and for assessing the ongoing process in the treatment and rehavilitation of the patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2019

Objectives : The Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS) is a well-validated self-report instrument for assessing negative impact of chronic illness and/or adverse effects of its treatment on everyday life domains. Although extensive literature probed its psychometric properties in medical illness, little attention was paid for its validity for psychiatric population. This study aimed to test factorial structure of the Korean Version of the IIRS (IIRS-K) in a consecutive sample of psychiatric outpatients. Methods : Data set of 307 first-visit patients of psychiatric clinic at Guri Hanyang univ. Hospital were used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency were tested in IIRS-K. We also checked Spearman's correlation analysis between IIRS-K, Zung's self-report anxiety scale and Zung's self-report depression scale. Results : 76.9% of the patients were with anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. The principal component factor analysis of the IIRS-K extracted three-factor structure accounted for 63.2% of total variance that was contextually similar to the original English version. This three-factor solution showed the best fit when tested confirmatory factor analysis compared to the original IIRS, two-factor model of IIRS-K suggested from medical outpatients, and one-factor solution. The IIRS-K also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.90) and good convergent validity with anxiety and depression scales. Conclusions : The IIRS-K showed the three-factor structure that was similar but not identical to original version. Overall, this study proved factorial validity of the IIRS-K and it can be used for Korean clinical population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid instrument for measuring the dietary quality and behaviors of Korean elderly. Methods: The development of the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) was conducted in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The 41 items of the NQ-E checklist were derived from a systematic literature review, expert in-depth interviews, statistical analyses of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the level of agreement between the questionnaires and nutrient intake level, and 24 items were selected for a nationwide survey. A total of 1,000 nationwide elderly subjects completed the checklist questionnaire. The construct validity of the NQ-E was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: The nineteen checklist items were used as final items for NQ-E. Checklist items were composed of four-factors: food behavior (6 items), balance (4 items), diversity (6 items), and moderation (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of the items. The NQ-E and four-factor scores were calculated according to the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: NQ-E would be a useful tool for assessing the food behavior and dietary quality of the elderly.