• 제목/요약/키워드: ascomycota

검색결과 130건 처리시간 0.025초

Pyrosequencing and Taxonomic Composition of the Fungal Community from Soil of Tricholoma matsutake in Gyeongju

  • Jeong, Minji;Choi, Doo-Ho;Cheon, Woo-Jae;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.686-695
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    • 2021
  • Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with the root of Pinus densiflora. Soil microbial communities greatly affect the growth of T. matsutake, however, few studies have examined the characteristics of these communities. In the present study, we analyzed soil fungal communities from Gyeongju and Yeongdeok using metagenomic pyrosequencing to investigate differences in fungal species diversity, richness, and taxonomic composition between the soil under T. matsutake fruiting bodies (Sample 2) and soil where the fairy ring of T. matsutake was no longer present (Sample 1). The same spot was investigated three times at intervals of four months to observe changes in the community. In the samples from Yeongdeok, the number of valid reads was lower than that at Gyeongju. The operational taxonomic units of most Sample 2 groups were less than those of Sample 1 groups, indicating that fungal diversity was low in the T. matsutake-dominant soil. The soil under the T. matsutake fruiting bodies was dominated by more than 51% T. matsutake. From fall to the following spring, the ratio of T. matsutake decreased. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum in most samples. G-F1-2, G-F2-2, and Y-F1-2 had the genera Tricholoma, Umbelopsis, Oidiodendron, Sagenomella, Cladophialophora, and Phialocephala in common. G-F1-1, G-F2-1, and Y-F1-1 had 10 genera including Umbelopsis and Sagenomella in common. From fall to the following spring, the amount of phyla Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota gradually decreased but that of phylum Ascomycota increased. We suggest that the genus Umbelopsis is positively related to T. matsutake.

Different Response Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Two Species of Amorphophallus to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Infection

  • Min Yang;Ying Qi;Jiani Liu;Penghua Gao;Feiyan Huang;Lei Yu;Hairu Chen
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.207-219
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    • 2023
  • Soft rot is a widespread, catastrophic disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) that severely damages the production of Amorphophallus spp. This study evaluated the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Pcc-infected and uninfected plants of two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac. Principal component analysis showed that the samples formed different clusters according to the Pcc infection status, indicating that Pcc infection can cause a large number of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities in the Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere soil. However, the response mechanisms of A. muelleri and A. konjac are different. There was little difference in the overall microbial species composition among the four treatments, but the relative abundances of core microbiome members were significantly different. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillus, and Lysobacter were lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants; in contrast, those of infected A. muelleri plants were higher than those in healthy plants. For fungi, the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Fusarium in the rhizosphere of infected A. konjac plants were significantly higher than those of healthy plants, but those of infected A. muelleri plants were lower than those of healthy plants. The relative abundance of beneficial Penicillium fungi was lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants, and that of infected A. muelleri plants was higher than that of healthy plants. These findings can provide theoretical references for further functional research and utilization of Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere microbial communities in the future.

Diversity of Nigrospora (Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) Species Identified in Korean Macroalgae Including Five Unrecorded Species

  • Wonjun Lee;Dong-Geon Kim;Rekhani H. Perera;Ji Seon Kim;Yoonhee Cho;Jun Won Lee;Chang Wan Seo;Young Woon Lim
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제51권6호
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    • pp.401-409
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    • 2023
  • Nigrospora (Xylariales, Apiosporaceae) consists of species of terrestrial plant endophytes and pathogens. Nigrospora has also been reported in marine environments such as mangroves, sea fans, and macroalgae. However, limited research has been conducted on Nigrospora associated with macroalgae. Here, we isolated Nigrospora species from three types of algae (brown, green, and red algae) from Korean islands (Chuja, Jeju, and Ulleung) based on phylogenetic analyses of multigenetic markers: the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), beta-tubulin (BenA), and translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1-α). A total of 17 Nigrospora strains were isolated from macroalgae and identified as nine distinct species. The majority of Nigrospora species (seven) were found on brown algae, followed by red algae (three), and then green algae (two). To our understanding, this study represents the first account of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, N. osmanthi, N. pyriformis, and N. rubi occurring in marine environments. Additionally, this study provides the first report of the occurrence of N. cooperae, N. covidalis, N. guilinensis, N. lacticolonia, and N. osmanthi in South Korea. This study will provide valuable insights for future research exploring the functions of fungi in macroalgal communities.

Re-identification of Korean Isolates in the Colletotrichum dematium, C. magnum, C. orchidearum, and C. orbiculare Species Complexes

  • Le Dinh Thao;Hyorim Choi;Donghun Kang;Anbazhagan Mageswari;Daseul Lee;Dong-Hyun Kim;In-Young Choi;Hyeon-Dong Shin;Seung-Beom Hong
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.425-437
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    • 2024
  • A large number of species in the genus Colletotrichum have been reported as causal agents of anthracnose on crops and wild plants in Korea. Many Colletotrichum isolates from the country preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) were previously identified based on host plants and morphological characteristics, and it may lead to species misidentification. Thus, accurate fungal species identification using multilocus sequence analyses is essential for understanding disease epidemiology and disease management strategies. In this study, combined DNA sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, chs-1, his3, act, tub2, and gs were applied to re-identify 27 Colletotrichum isolates in KACC. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates resulted in 11 known species, they belong to the C. dematium species complex (C. hemerocallidis, C. jinshuiense, and C. spinaciae), the C. magnum complex (C. kaifengense and C. cf. ovatense), the C. orchidearum complex (C. cattleyicola, C. plurivorum, C. reniforme, and C. sojae) and the C. orbiculare complex (C. malvarum and C. orbiculare). Of them, C. cattleyicola, C. hemerocallidis, C. kaifengense, and C. reniforme were unrecorded species in Korea. In the view of host-fungus combinations, 10 combinations are newly reported in the world and 12 are new reports in Korea, although their pathogenicity on the host was not confirmed.

북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 토양 시료 내 메타지놈 기반 미생물 군집분석 (Microbial Community of the Arctic Soil from the Glacier Foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen in Svalbard by Metagenome Analysis)

  • 석윤지;송은지;차인태;이현진;노성운;정지영;이유경;남영도;서명지
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2016
  • 최근 빙하의 융해로 인해 빙하 해안지역에 다양한 토양 미생물과 초목들이 드러나고있다. 본 연구에서는 북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역으로부터 Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine(PGM)을 활용한 메타지놈 분석을 통해 세균(bacteria), 고균(archaea), 및 진핵생물(eukaryotes)를 포함하는 다양한 미생물 군집을 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 토양시료는 빙하 후퇴에 따른 토양의 노출 시기에 따라 2개 지역(ML4 및 ML7)으로부터 수집하였다. ML4 및 ML7 시료의 메타지놈 염기서열을 기반으로 총 2,798,108 및 1,691,859 reads가 각각 미생물 군집 분석에 활용되었다. Domain (계) 수준에서 미생물 군집의 상대 빈도를 분석한 결과 2개 시료 모두 세균(86−87%)이 높은 반면 고균과 진핵생물은 1% 미만으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 약 12%의 염기서열은 기존에 분류되지 않은(unclassified) 서열로 분석되었다. 세균의 경우 Proteobacteria(40.3% for ML4 and 43.3% for ML7)와 Actinobacteria(22.9% and 24.9%)가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었다. 고균의 경우에는 Euryarchaeota(84.4% and 81.1%) 및 Crenarchaeota(10.6% and 13.1%), 그리고 진핵생물의 경우에는 Ascomycota(33.8% and 45.0%)가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 Ion Torrent PGM 플랫폼을 활용한 메타지놈 분석이 북극의 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 전체 미생물 군집 구조를 파악하는데 충분히 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

우리나라 전통 발효유 타락의 미생물 균총 분석 (Microbial Community Analysis of Tarak, a Fermented Milk Product)

  • 임구상;이경수;장혜진;정진경;임지영;전태훈;한영숙;오세욱
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권7호
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    • pp.1109-1114
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 전통발효유인 타락 제조의 표준화 및 체계화를 위한 기초정보를 확보하고자 본타락과 타락에 대하여 pyrosequencing을 통하여 미생물 균총을 분석하였다. 미생물 균총 분석결과 원핵세균의 경우 phylum 수준에서는 타락과 본타락에서 다소 차이가 있었으며 Firmicutes가 군집의 대다수를 차지하였다. 그러나 genus 수준에서는 본타락과 타락의 차이가 크게 나타났으며 본타락의 경우 Lactobacillus와 Leuconostoc 속이 군집의 90% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났으며 타락의 경우 Lactococcus 속이 60% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. Species 수준에서는 차이가 더욱 크게 나타나서 본타락의 경우 Leuconostoc citreum이 미생물 군집 비율의 40% 이상으로 나타나 우점균이었으며 이밖에도 Lactobacillus 속의 균주들이 다수를 차지하는 것으로 나타난 것에 비하여 타락에서는 Lactococcus lactis가 60% 이상을 차지하여 우점균으로 나타났다. 진핵생물은 phylum 수준에서는 타락과 본타락 모두 Ascomycota가 군집의 다수를 차지하였으나 genus 수준에서는 본 타락의 Saccharomyces 속이 군집의 85% 이상을 차지한 것에 비하여 타락에서는 Issatchenkia 속이 98% 이상을 차지하였다. Species 수준에서는 본타락의 경우 Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 82%를 차지하였으나 타락에서는 Pichia kudriavzevii가 미생물 군집의 95%를 차지하는 우점균으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과, 본타락보다 타락이 외관과 조직감에서 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났고 단맛은 유의적 차이는 없으나 약간 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 신맛은 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 미생물 군집에 의해 발효식품의 맛과 향이 영향을 받으며 따라서 일정한 품질을 가지는 타락을 제조하기 위해서는 우선적으로 발효에 관여하는 미생물 균총에 대한 고려가 중요하다.

월출산 국립공원의 고등균류 분포 (Distribution of Higher Fungi in Wolchulsan National Park)

  • 장석기
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2014
  • 2009년 4월부터 2011년 10월까지 월출산국립공원 고등균류를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사기간 동안 고등균류는 총 1계 2문 5강 18목 56과 133속 298종이었으며, 담자균문은 12목 47과 120속 278종이, 자낭균문은 6목 9과 13속 20종이 조사되었다. 대부분의 고등균류는 담자균문중 담자균강에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 주름버섯목이 20과 54속 134종이, 그물버섯목은 7과 20속 43종, 무당버섯목 3과 5속 44종 및 구멍장이버섯목 5과 21속 30종으로 4목의 종수가 총 251종으로 전체 발생 종수의 84. 2%로 대부분을 차지한 것으로 조사되었다. 가장 많이 발생된 균류는 무당버섯과로 37종이었으며, 그물버섯과(33종), 광대버섯과(29종), 주름버섯과(21종) 및 구멍장이버섯과(20종) 순으로 나타났다. 월별 분포에서는 7월(46과 94속 196종)이 가장 많았고 8월(43과 92속 171종), 9월(38과 74속 120종)의 순이었다. 고도별에서는 100~199 m(54과 127속 267종)에서 가장 많았고 200~299 m(42과 85속 160종), 300~399 m(18과 31속 46종) 순으로 나타났다. 대부분의 고등균류는 평균온도 $26.0{\sim}27.9^{\circ}C$, 최고온도 $32.0{\sim}34.9^{\circ}C$, 최저온도 $24.0{\sim}25.9^{\circ}C$ 및 강수량은 100 mm 이상인 시기에 다양한 종들이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

Characterisation of fungal contamination sources for use in quality management of cheese production farms in Korea

  • Kandasamy, Sujatha;Park, Won Seo;Yoo, Jayeon;Yun, Jeonghee;Kang, Han Byul;Seol, Kuk-Hwan;Oh, Mi-Hwa;Ham, Jun Sang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.1002-1011
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

Diversity and Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Roots and Leaves of Stipa purpurea in an Alpine Steppe at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  • Yang, Xiaoyan;Jin, Hui;Xu, Lihong;Cui, Haiyan;Xin, Aiyi;Liu, Haoyue;Qin, Bo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.1027-1036
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    • 2020
  • Stipa purpurea is a unique and dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine steppe and meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this work, we analyzed the composition and diversity of the culturable endophytic fungi in S. purpurea according to morphological and molecular identification. Then, we investigated the bioactivities of these fungi against plant pathogenic fungi and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) deaminase activities. A total of 323 fungal isolates were first isolated from S. purpurea, and 33 fungal taxa were identified by internal transcribed spacer primers and grouped into Ascomycota. The diversity of endophytic fungi in S. purpurea was significantly higher in roots as compared to leaves. In addition, more than 40% of the endophytic fungi carried the gene encoding for the ACCD gene. The antibiosis assay demonstrated that 29, 35, 28, 37 and 34 isolates (43.9, 53.1, 42.4, 56.1, and 51.5%) were antagonistic to five plant pathogenic fungi, respectively. Our study provided the first assessment of the diversity of culture-depending endophytic fungi of S. purpurea, demonstrated the potential application of ACCD activity and antifungal activities with potential benefits to the host plant, and contributed to high biomass production and adaptation of S. purpurea to an adverse environment.

산불발생에 따른 외생균근성 버섯의 분포 (Distribution of Ectomycorrhizal Fruit Bodies According to Forest Fire Area)

  • 김홍진;정진철;장석기;장규관
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.251-264
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    • 2013
  • 2010년 6월부터 2011년 10월까지 고등균류를 조사한 결과, 총 2계 3문 6강 15목 34과 59속 107종이 동정되었으며, 담자균문은 28과 51속 99종, 자낭균문은 5과 7속 7종 및 아메바문은 1과 1속 1종인 것으로 조사되었다. 외생균근성 버섯을 조사한 결과 총 10과 17속 49종 총 801개체가 조사되었으며 이 중 애기꾀꼬리버섯이 198개체로 가장 많이 발생되었고 꾀꼬리버섯 66개체, 색시졸각버섯 53개체 순이었다. 종 분포가 높은 균류는 광대버섯과가 14종으로 가장 많이 나타났으며, 그물버섯과 12종, 무당버섯과 11종 순으로 조사되었다. 조사시기별 분포에서는 7월과 8월에 가장 다양한 외생균근성 버섯이 발생되었는데 이는 높은 온도 및 강수량이 많은 시기와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사구별 분포에서는 조사구 I인 소나무 군락 (8과 13속 30종)과 II인 참나무 군락 (8과 12속 30종)에서 가장 높았고, 조사구 IV (1과 1속 1종)와 V의 곰솔 식재지 에서는 발생하지 않았다. 외생균근성 버섯 발생에 영향을 주는 기후환경 요인으로는 대기온도 (평균온도, 최저온도, 최고온도)에서, 토양환경 요인으로는 토양 산도와 유기물함량에서 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.