• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2015

Lithium Ion capacitor (LIC) is a new storage device which combines high power density and high energy density compared to conventional supercapacitors. LIC is capable of storing approximately 5.10 times more energy than conventional EDLCs and also have the benefits of high power and long cycle-life. In this study, LICs are assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and pre-doped graphite anode. Cathode material of natural graphite and artificial graphite kinds of MAGE-E3 was selected as the experiment proceeds. Super-P as a conductive agent and PTFE was used as binder, with the graphite: conductive agent: binder of 85: 10: 5 ratio of the negative electrode was prepared. Lithium doping condition of current density of $2mA/cm^2$ to $1mA/cm^2$, and was conducted by varying the doping. Results Analysis of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP) was used and a $1mA/cm^2$ current density, $2mA/cm^2$, when more than 1.5% of lithium ions was confirmed that contained. In addition, lithium ion doping to 0.005 V at 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ temperature varying the voltage variation was confirmed, $20^{\circ}C$ cell from the low internal resistance of $4.9{\Omega}$ was confirmed.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 리튬 이차 전지의 가연성이 높은 액체 전해액의 대체 또는 개선을 위하여 이온성 액체 전해액으로 전극들에서의 거동을 관찰하였다. 이온성 액체인 1-ethyl-1-methyl piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(PP12 TFSI)는 녹는점이 $85^{\circ}C$이므로 상온에서 고체상이다. PP12 TFSI를 단독으로 전해액에 사용할 수 없으므로 리튬 이온 전지용 용매와 혼합하여 사용한다. PP12 TFSI를 50 wt.% 이상 사용하면 난연성이 아주 좋은 반면에 점도가 높아서 전해액 함침이 어렵다. 이온성 액체의 비율을 44 wt.%(이온성 액체:용매=1:1.25 wt.%)로 맞추고, 혼합한 용매는 EC/DEC(1/1 vol.%)이며, $LiPF_6$의 농도가 1.5 M이 되도록 전해액을 준비하여 연구하였다. 준비한 전해액은 자가소화시간 25초의 준수한 난연성을 가지고 있으며, 여러 종류의 전극에서도 우수한 수명 성능을 보여주었다. 적용된 전극은 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4(LNMO)$, $LiFePO_4(LFP)$, $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}(LTO)$, artificial graphite이며, 특히 음극으로 사용된 artificial graphite에서의 전해액 분해를 방지하기 위한 첨가제의 거동도 관찰하였다. 여전히 전극으로의 함침의 문제가 다소 관찰이 되었으며 이런 문제가 개선될 수 있는 최적화된 혼합 이온성 액체 전해액이 개발된다면 이온성 액체의 난연성 특성은 더욱 활용성이 높아질 것이다.

• 분석과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1997

2차 전지의 양극(anode)으로 사용되는 Li-AGICs를 혼합가압법에 의하여 Li의 함유량에 따라 합성하였다. 이들 합성된 화합물을 X-선회절법, UV/VIS 분광학적 분석법 및 DSC 열분석법을 이용하여 특성화하였다. X-선회절분석 결과에 의하면 리튬의 함유량이 증가함에 따라 낮은 stage가 관찰되었으나, 각각의 화합물들은 혼재된 stage를 가지고 있음이 나타났다. $Li_{30wt%}$-AGIC의 경우 지배적으로 1 stage의 구조가 나타났지만 순수한 1 stage의 화합물은 얻을 수가 없었는데, 이것은 인조 흑연의 구조적 특성 때문에 예상할 수 있다. UV/VIS 분광학적 특성에 의하면 Li-AGIC의 흡수 spectra가 활성적으로 나타나지는 않았지만, $Li_{30wt%}$-AGIC의 경우 뚜렷한 $R(%)_{min}$의 형성과 함께 특징적인 흡수영역을 나타내고 있다. DSC에 의한 열역학적 결과로부터 화합물에 대하여 엔탈피의 변화량(${\Delta}H$)과 엔트로피의 변화량(${\Delta}S$)을 구하였다. 이들로부터 Li-AGIC의 발열반응과 흡열반응의 결과들은 인조 흑연 사이에 존재하던 리튬이 열에 의해 deintercalation이 일어날 때의 열적 안정성과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 열적 변이가 일어나는 동안 $Li_{30wt%}$-AGIC의 구조 변화에 대하여 토론하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2010

In this work, HAp-(t-ZrO2) ceramic composites of biomimic artificial bone were fabricated by multi-extrusion process in order to replace nature bone. HAp-(t-ZrO2) and graphite powders were mixed separately with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and stearic acid using shear mixer. Extruded HAp-(t-ZrO2) filaments and carbon filaments were arranged in the die to fabricate the first pass filament. The first pass filaments were arranged in the same die with a central carbon core for making the space for spongy bone. Burning out and sintering processes were performed to remove the binder and lubricant. The microstructure channel diameter was researched around $300{\mu}m$. Microstructure analysis was carried out by OM, SEM, and $\mu$-CT. Compressive strength was investigated for the artificial bone. Some preliminary bio-compatibility test was evaluated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1296-1299
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• 2013

• 공업화학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 PFO와 Coal-tar의 구조와 열 중합 거동 분석을 통해 PFO와 Coal-tar으로 구성된 혼합 원료의 피치 합성 간 제조 특성을 확인하였다. 원소분석과 FT-IR 분석을 통해, PFO와 Coal-tar 각각 0.355, 0.818로 방향족화도 수치를 확인하였다. 또한, PFO와 Coal-tar의 열중량 분석을 통해 질량 감소곡선의 차이를 확인하였으며, 이러한 현상은 방향족 화도와 관능기 함량에 따른 구조적 안정성에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 피치 제조 특성은 PFO를 원료로 사용한 피치가 혼합원료로부터 제조된 피치보다 평균적으로 낮은 수율과 높은 연화점을 보임을 확인하였다. 특히 유사한 연화점을 가지는 P360 (138.5 ℃)과 B420 (141.4 ℃)을 비교하였을 때, 두 피치의 탄화수율은 각각 29.89, 49.03 wt%로 Coal-tar가 혼합된 경우 약 20 wt% 향상됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 다량의 알킬기를 포함하여 높은 피치 중합 반응성을 가지는 PFO와 높은 열적 안정성을 가지는 Coal-tar의 혼합에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2003

A glass-like carbon was fabricated using furan resin. The influence of heat treatment temperature during fabrication process on the chemical and micro-structural changes was studied by various analytical and spectroscopic methods including TGA, FT-IR, CHN, TEM and XRD. The chemical resistance properties of the fabricated glass-like carbon were also investigated. It has been found that the heat-treated samples at higher temperature up to 2600 $^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ atmosphere had little weight loss, small amounts of functional groups, and high carbon content. The fabricated glass-like carbons upon heat treatment at 2600 $^{\circ}C$ showed an amorphous stage without any grain growth and/or reconstruction of structure. The glass-like carbon had much better chemical resistance than the artificial graphite, and exhibited a high chemical resistance due to its low surface areas, minimum impurities, and low graphite crystallites.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2002

The electrochemical behavior of binder-free carbon anode, comprising of only artificial and natural graphite (AG and NG) particles, for intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ion $(Li^+)$ in aluminum chloride (AICI_3)-I-ethyl­3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC)-lithium chloride (LiCl)-thionyl chloride $(SOCI_2)$ room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) was studied. Binder-free carbon electrodes were fabricated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The binder-free carbon anodes provided a relatively flat charge and discharge potentials $(0\;to\;0.2V\;vs.\;Li/Li^+)$ and current capabilities $(250-340mAh{\cdot}g^{-1})$ for the intercalation and deintercalation of $Li^+$. Stability of the binder-free carbon anodes for intercalation and deintercalation of 50 cycles was confirmed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.458-472
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• 1987

A heart supplies bloods of about 15, 000 liters to each human organ in a day. A normal function of heart valves is necessary to this act of heart. The disease of heart valve develops to a narrowness of a closure, resulting in an abnormal circulation of bloods. In an attempt to eliminate the affliction of heart valves, the operation method to repair with artificial heart valves has been developed and saved numerous patients over past 30 years. This replacement operation has been performed since early 1960`s in Korea, but all the artificial heart valves used are imported from abroad with very high costs until recent years. The artificial heart valve using pyrolytic carbon has been developed at KAIST, which was proved to be stable in the mechanical performance and durability. Therefore, the in viva performance of this valve was examined through animal tests. The artificial heart valves used in this study are tilting disc type valves, in which the disc were made of graphite coated with pyrolytic carbon and the cages were made of titanium. In viva testings of these valves were performed in 12 dogs, in which right ventriculo-pulmonary arterial [Croup I] or inter-aortic [Croup IV] valved conduit was implanted using polytetrafluoroethylene conduits containing KAIST valve and aortic valve [Group II] or pulmonary valve [Croup III] was replaced by a KAIST valve with a 21mm or 19mm tissue annulus diameter. In group I and II, pre-and post-operative transvalvular pressure gradient was measured and compared with other prosthetic valves. During post operative period laboratory examination was performed including hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count, white cell, lactic acid dehydrogenase and platelet. The eight surviving dogs were sacrificed and autopsy was performed at 2, 6, and 8 weeks. KAIST valve has low transvalvular gradient and relatively high orifice area. Average ventriculo-aortic peak systolic transvalvular gradient was 14 mmHg in 21 mm valve and 19 mmHg in 19 mm valve. The valve has slight intravascular hemolysis effect. Thrombogenic effect of low polishing quality and eddy currents around small orifice is high. The valve has vulnerability of disc movement. These animal tests suggest that the improvement of the heart valve design, surface polishing state and prescription methods.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1345-1351
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• 2018

To allow stable cycling of layered nickel-rich cathode material at high voltage, silyl-functionalized dimethoxydimethylsilane is proposed as a multi-functional additive. In contrast to typical functional additive, dimethoxydimethylsilane does not make artificial cathode-electrolyte interfaces by electrochemical oxidation because it is quite stable under anodic polarization. We find that dimethoxydimethylsilane mainly focuses on scavenging nucleophilic fluoride species that can be produced by electrolyte decomposition during cycling, leading to improving interfacial stability of both nickel-rich cathode and graphite anode. As a result, the cell cycled with dimethoxydimethylsilane-controlled electrolyte exhibits 65.7% of retention after 100 cycle, which is identified by systematic spectroscopic analyses for the cycled cell.