• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-12
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• 1977

A study was carried out to detect of illegal artificial dyes and to confirm the used rate of illegal dyes in the production process of commercial jellys by thindayer chromatography and paper chromatography, from March, 1976 to July, 1976. The following conclusions were obtained 1. Seperated dyes were amaranth, erythrosin, tatrazin, sunset yellow FCF, fight green SF yellowish, fast green FCF and the most frequent use of amaranth. 2. Used rate of legal dyes were 94.12% (96 samples) and illegal dyes were 5.88% (6 samples) with samples 102. 3. The average Rf value of T.L.C. were amaranth (0.92), erythrosin (0.48), tatrazin (0.83), sunset yellow FCF(0.86), fast green FCF (0.63), light green SF yellowish (0.23) and paper chromatography were amaranth (0.76), erythrosin (0.44), tatrazin(0.75), sunset yellow FCF (0.76), fast green FCF (0.86), light green SF yellowish(0.52).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1974

A study was carried out to detect of illegal artificial dyes, and to confirm the used rate of illegal dyes in the production process of commercial drops (candy), from Dec. 10, 1972 to Feb. 10, 1973. In this study, it was used thin layer chromatography, the samples were divided into two groups, group A of inscribed trade name and group B of not inscribed trade name. To contrast with group A and group B, 100 samples were randomly collected in the market places, 50 samples from group A and 50 samples from group B. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of group A and 9% of group B. 2) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of red, 2% of yellow, 1% of violet and 6% of green, not in blue. 3) used rate of illegal dyes 3% of Rhodamine B, 3% of Auramine and 6% of Light green S.F. Yellowish. 4) Out of 20 cases those used mixed dyes, only one case was confirmed as two illegal dyes, and 4 cases were used one illegal dye.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.23-35
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• 2020

Standard carnations are widely used in flower design as a mass flower, but there is a limit to the use in that it can not be used in various colors in addition to its own color. The purpose of this study was to investigate how does artificial dyes affect vase life, using standard carnations, and to improve utilization of dyeing carnations in floral design. Using standard carnation 'White Liberty', dyeing experiment was performed according to four kinds of chemicals for each of six dyes. Six different dyes from Koch(Robert Koch industries Inc., USA) as follows light blue(2386), lime green(2315), christmas red(2506), lavender(2200), orange fire(2268) and black(2012) have been used and four different chemicals as follows distilled water, 4% ethanol, 3% sucrose and 100mg·L^-1 citric acid have been used with the cut Dianthus caryophyllus 'White Liberty'. As a result, six different dyes showed fast and excellent dyeing with 3% sucrose and 100mg·L^-1 citric acid treatment. But vase life in other dyes except black and lavender tended to be similar to control(7 days).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2001

In order to improve the washing fastness of dyed polyester artificial suede fabric, it was dyed by using auto and anthraguinone type disperse dyes and treated with 3 different reduction clearing methods. The reduction clearing methods used in this study were normal alkaline reduction clearing, $N_2$ gas replacement method, and ultrasonic treatment during normal reduction clearing. The results were as followings ; The washing fastness property of dyed polyester artificial suede fabric was slightly improved by reduction clearing with $N_2$ gas replacement or with ultrasonic treatment comparing with normal alkaline reduction clearing. It was found that the use of $N_2$ gas replacement or ultrasonic treatment during reduction clearing eave effective removal of unfixed dyes on the fiber surface. We also obtained that the azo type disperse dye on polyester artificial fabric suede fabric showed higher wash fastness than anthraquinone type disperse dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties of mugwort extract by nano-cellulose(n-cell). When dyeing cotton, rayon(artificial silk, called Ingyeon) and silk with mugwort extract, the difference with and without 2 wt% n-cell which it diluted to 0.6% treatment was compared. It was found that the addition of n-cell changed the values of L^∗, -a^∗(+red ~ -green), and b^∗(+yellow ~ -blue) of all scoured cotton, rayon and silk fabrics, compared to dyeing only mugwort extract. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the ΔE and the K/S value slightly increased in all of the dyed cotton, rayon, and silk fabrics treated with n-cell at the same time as dyeing compared to the untreated ones. Therefore, by treating the fabric with n-cell, a natural cellulose component, at the same time as dyeing, it is expected to maintain stable fastness, which is a disadvantage of dyeing using natural dyes, and contribute to the utilization and commercialization of other natural dyes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2006

There are three kinds of liquid petroleum marker which is extracted by the basic or acidic, and both developer. Korean marker, Unimark 1494 DB (marker) have been spectrophotometrically analysed by the determination of absorbance at 582 nm after base extraction by Unimark 1494 DB Developer C-5 (developer). Some blue dyes which have same reactive radical of marker and can be changed deep blue color in base developer extraction (BDE), may be increased absorbance at 582 nm, but dyes or markers which can be increased the absorbance, were not unclear. In this experiment, effects of three dyes or marker such as Orimax Green 151 (the mixture of CI Solvent Yellow 16 and CI Solvent Blue 70), quinizarin and Orimax Blue 2N (CI Solvent Blue 35), and two solvent such as topasol (P-250) and lubricant (P-8) on the absorbance were studied by HITACHI Recording Spectrophotometer U-3300. It shows that all of them increased absorbance at 582 nm after BDE. Absorbance at 582 nm can be showed 0.0544 by Orimax Green 151 at the concentration of 3.96 mg/l, quinizarin at the concentration of 1.38 mg/l, and Orimax Blue 2N at the concentration of 2.73 mg/l in the artificial petroleum (normal diesel oil: topasol: lubricant=2 : 4: 4), respectively. Absorbance, 0.0544 indicates that concentration of marker is 1.64 mg/l in the reference curves, respectively. And also these results can be showed that the artificial petroleum have about 10% cheep fuel such as kerosene which have marker (16.0 mg/l). Absorbance of P-250 was 0.01361-0.22842 depending upon the purchasing date, and that of P-8 was 0.05644. pH of developer was 14.83, and so this result indicates that Unimark 1494 DB is a base extractable petroleum marker, phenylazophenol (US Patent No. 5,252,106). In the BDE, the slight color of Orimax Blue 2N, Orimax Green 151 and quinizarin in artificial petroleum changed to deep bright blue color, respectively. These result indicate that the absorbance at 582 nm by BDE may be increased not only by azo, diazo, amine and ketone (anthraquinone, coumarin) dyes or markers, but also the contaminants of P-250 and P-8 which have same as reactive radical of dyes or markers.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2011

In order to produce the colored cocoons we finalized the adequate amount of dyes throughout several trial and error experiments. The proper amount of each dye required for per 100 g of each colored cocoon turned out to be 150 mg of Rhodamine, 1560 mg of Thionin, 170 mg of Neutral red, and 200 mg of N-Blue, respectively. With this amount of dyes silkworms grew without physiological disorders. In order to produce colored cocoons, artificial diet composed mainly of mulberry leaves was fed to silkworms from the beginning of 5th instar, and subsequently fed with dye included diet from $4^{th}$ day of the 5th instar. This process resultantly produced colored silkworm body from the onset of feeding and subsequently colored cocoons and eggs. Nevertheless, the dye induced color was not inherited to next generation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Hair coloring before the 1980s was mostly to hide white hair by dying in black. With the introduction of color TV, however, the size of the coloring market has been expanding. Nowadays, artificial synthetic dyes are widely used, which, though advantageous in many points, have problems such as harmful effects on the human body, carcinogenesis, environmental contamination and damage on hair. On the contrary, natural vegetables obtained from Curcuma Longa L., A. catechu, polygonum indigo, henna, etc. are little harmful to hair or the skin of the head and cause few environmental problems. In addition, as they are natural materials collected from nature, they are considered positively by consumers. Thus the present study started from the necessity of research on the convenient use of environment?friendly and side-effect-free natural dyes, coloring technology for reproducing original color, the improvement of adhesion rate, etc. From the present research were obtained yellow color from Curcuma Longa L., brown from A. catechu, blue from polygonum indigo and orange from henna. It is expected that, based on materials from previous researches, there may be more researches on the use of natural dyes as hair colors.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2018

Scientific investigation of cultural heritage can provide important information to understand the context of the object. To know the characteristics of the material is also an essential part of objects management and conservation. However, the identification and characterization of organic dyes used in archaeological and historical textiles are often limited by the restrictions in sampling. To cope with the difficulties, applications of high-performance techniques of surface analysis, such as Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectra (TOF-SIMS) could be considered as a non or micro-destructive option. This study aims to examine the applicability of TOF-SIMS analysis to the detection of organic dyes from historical textiles. A group of silk fabrics dyed with vegetable dyes were artificially photo-aged to different degrees and analyzed with TOF-SIMS. Molecular and fragment ions from indigo were successfully detected from the aged samples; however, only some fragment ions were observed from gardenia and safflower dyed fabrics. Further studies with actual historical samples with extended examination scope would be necessary to assess the validity of this technique.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2001

Generally, polyester microfiber has much greater dye uptake than that of regular ones. In spite of high dye up-take visual shade depth of dyed fabric decreases with smaller denier, which results in poor washing fastness of dyed fabric. In this study, in order to investigate the washing fastness, polyester microfiber fabric was dyed by using two type of disperse dyes and treated with 3 different reduction clearing methods. The reduction clearing methods in this study are normal alkaline reduction clearing, $N_2$ gas replacement method, and ultrasonic treatment during reduction clearing. The results were as followings ; The most important factors affecting the washing fastness of polyester artificial suede fabric were found to be the reduction clearing method, the chemical structure of used disperse dyes and the structure and denier of fibers. It was also obtained that the heat treatment of dyed fabric decreased the washing fastness due to the dye migration from inner phase to surface.