• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2022

This study aims to clarify the prosodic differences in speech types by examining the Korean read speech and spontaneous speech in the Korean part of the L2 Korean Speech Corpus (speech corpus for Korean as a foreign language). To this end, the articulation length, articulation speed, pause length and frequency, and the average fundamental frequency values of sentences were set as variables and analyzed via statistical methodologies (t-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis). The results found that read speech and spontaneous speech were structurally different in the form of prosodic phrases constituting each sentence and that the prosodic elements differentiating each speech type were articulation length, pause length, and pause frequency. The statistical results show that the correlation between articulation speed and articulation length was highest in read speech, explaining that the longer a given sentence is, the faster the speaker speaks. In spontaneous speech, however, the relationship between the articulation length and the pause frequency in a sentence was high. Overall, spontaneous speech produces more pauses because short intonation phrases are continuously built to make a sentence, and as a result, the sentence gets lengthened.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

A Case Report of Communication disorder associated with Post-stroke Objectives : The Objective Is the Report of Improvement in Communication Disorder Associated with Post-Stroke. Methods : Acupuncture And Medicinal Treatments Were Performed from 17th March 2006 until 8th April 2006. The Medicines Bangpungtongsung-san and Chungpesagan-tang Were Used to Improve Patient Bowel Movement. The Sa-Am Acupuncture Method Was Used to Improve Patient Communication Disorders. Every 5 Days Articulation Accuracy, Vowel Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences Were Evaluated. Results : After 23 Days of Treatment There was Improvement of Articulation Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2003

This study aims at finding the structure of spike technique by analysing comparatively the spike action by excellent and by non-excellent players throughout the section from a flying jump to the time of landing for the correct analysis of spike action and tries to help athletes and coaches to execute a scientific training. For the objected person of this study, six of H College athletes three of excellent athletes and three of non-excellent athletes, presently registered as athlete with the Korea Volleyball federation) were chosen, and the factors of analysis were analysed upon performance time of action by section, human body centered displacement, change of articulation angle, speed change of articulation of the upper limbs, uniformity of the articulation of the upper limbs upon impact, etc. The conclusion of this study is as follow: 1. In the time required for taking action, it shows to take $1.067{\pm}0.057$ seconds for the group of excellent athletes and $1.034{\pm}0.033$ seconds for the group of non-excellent athletes. Although there was not big difference between two groups in the performance time of action, it showed that the group of excellent athletes takes longer compared to the group of non-excellent athletes. And it was found by the result of this study that the group of excellent athletes stays longer in the duration of flight. 2. In the displacements of horizontal movement and vertical movement, it was found that the group of excellent athletes have moved more than the group of non-excellent athletes in the horizontal movement of the center of human body 3. In the angles of wrist and knee, it was found that the excellent athletes have shown little than the non-excellent athletes in the entire sections, but that in the angle of elbow, the non-excellent athletes have shown bigger than the excellent athletes.. 4. In the speed of the articulation of the upper limbs upon impact, it was found that the group of excellent athletes have shown bigger than the group of non-excellent athletes, and that in the maximum value of the articulation of the upper limbs, the maximum value for the hand was indicated upon impact and that forearm and upper arm have shown the maximum value just before the impact. 5. In the uniformity of articulation of the upper limbs at the time of impact, the group of excellent athletes showed bigger than the group of non-excellent athletes in all the articulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.47-52
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• 1996

Interior noise, engine speed and vehicle speed are measured under road-load condition and interior noise signal is transformed by using the transient signal analysis methods such as the spectrogram and wavelet transform. Using the analyzed results, subjective noise criteria such as the loudness, noisiness and articulation index at each vehicle speed can be estimated and characteristics of interior noise for various running mode can be discussed in the viewpoint of noise quality.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.499-502
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• 1996

Interior noise, engine speed and vehicle speed are measured under transient road-load condition and interior noise signal is transformed by using the transient signal analysis methods, such as the spectrogram and wavelet transform. Using the analyzed results, subjective noise metrics such as the loudness, sharpness and articulation index at each vehicle speed can be estimated and characteristics of interior noise for various running modes can be discussed in the viewpoint of noise quality.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the age, motor function, and characteristics of feeding and articulation in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods : This study included 34 boys and 27 girls who lived in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Daejeon, or Busan, and were diagnosed with cerebral palsy by rehabilitation doctors. A total of 61 children with cerebral palsy were identified as dependent variables for verbal intelligibility, diadochokinesis speed and intelligibility. Multiple regression analysis was performed. Results : Verbal intelligibility among the articulating abilities of children with spastic cerebral palsy was significantly associated with the non-speech mechanisms of cup drinking, and spoon feeding. Diadochokinesis speed was significantly associated with the speech mechanism of porridge feeding, the non-speech mechanism of cup drinking, and motor function. Diadochokinesis intelligibility also showed significant results with regards to the speech mechanism of porridge feeding and the non-speech mechanism of cup drinking. Conclusion : It is useful to evaluate and treat eating function by considering speech and non-speech mechanisms and motor function, according to eating function, among the variables related to articulation ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy. In addition, it would be very useful to study the improvement of articulation abilities after developing and applying a feeding program for children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

Background and Objectives : Dysarthria refers to speech disorder that causes difficulties in speech communication due to paralysis, muscle weakening, and incoordination of speech muscle mechanism caused by damaged central or peripheral nerve system. Pitch, strength and speed are influenced by dysarthria during detonation due to difficulties in muscle control. As evaluation items, alternate motion rate and diadochokinesis have been commonly used, and articulation is also an important evaluation items. The purpose of this study is to find acoustic characteristics on sound production of dysarthria patients. Materials and Methods : Research subjects have been selected as 20 dysarthria patients and 20 subjects for control group, and voice sample was composed of bilabial, alveolar sound, and velar sound in diadochokinetic rate, while consonant articulation test was composed of bilabial plosive, alveolar plosive, velar plosive. Analysis items were composed of 1) speaking rate, energy, articulation time of diadochokinesis, 2) voice onset time (VOT), total duration (TD), vowel duration (VD), hold of plosives. Results and Conclusions : The number of diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria was smaller than control group. Both control group and dysarthria group was highly presented in the order of /t/>/p/>/k/. Minimum energy range per cycle during diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria group was smaller than control group, and presented statistical significance in /p/, /k/, /ptk/. Maximum energy range was larger than control group, and presented statistical significance in /t/, /ptk/. Articulation time, gap, total articulation time during diadochokinetic rate of dysarthria group was longer than control group and presented statistical significance. The articulation time was presented in both control group and dysarthria group in the order of /k/>/t/>/p/, while Gap was presented in the order of /p/>/t/>/k/ for control group and /p/>/k/>/t/ for dysarthria group. VOT, TD, VD regarding plosives of dysarthria group were longer than control group. Hold showed large deviation compared to control group that had appeared due to declined larynx and articulation organ motility.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.138-140
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• 2018

This case study examined the effect of Korean Medicine on a 72-year old male with a habitual history of smoking and drinking, and a family history of hypertension who had suffered an acute stroke. A couple of months later he complained of upper extremity weakness and was diagnosed with dysarthria. The patient received Korean Medicine treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicine for 39 days at the Samse Oriental Hospital, in conjunction with physiotherapy and Western medicine. Articulation accuracy, vowel accuracy, alternation and speed of reading sentences were evaluated every 7days. The results showed that the patient had improvement of articulation (10%) and vowel (37%) accuracy, alternation (12%) and speed of reading sentences (28%) suggesting that Korean Medicine treatment contributed to this progress.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiating these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent. years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.173-184
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the speech rate characteristics (whole speech rate, articulation speech rate, and articulation percentage) and the pause characteristics (pause duration, pause frequency, and pause percentage) of Korean-speaking patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (referred to as IPD hereafter). The study aims first to examine the differences between the patient group with IPD and the other group without IPD concerning those measurements, and secondly to investigate the relevant measurements of the two groups following the sentence length changes. There were two groups of subjects in this study. The first group consisted of 7 subjects between the ages of 50 and 60 who were diagnosed as IPD with mild severity, and the second group consisted of 13 subjects without IPD who matched the age and gender of those in the first group. Those two groups were asked to read 8 different sentences in length at habitual speed. Speech rate and pause characteristics of the two groups were measured and compared each other. The followings results were observed. First, in a study of speech rate characteristics, the whole speech rate and the articulation speech rate of the patient group scored within the normal range, which is same as the group without IPD. On the other hand, with regard to the pause characteristics, differences between two groups were shown; the patient group had shorter pause duration, lower pause frequency, lower pause percentage, and higher articulation percentage. Secondly, in a study of relevant measurements following the sentence length, both groups showed a tendency for whole speech rate and articulation rate to increase as the length of the sentence increased, but the result of pause characteristics showed a difference between two groups. While the group without IPD showed a longer pause duration, higher pause frequency, and higher pause percentage as the length of sentences increases, no differences were shown among the patient group concerning the length of sentences. This study suggests a result that the patients with IPD of mild severity retained a normal speech rate and examined pause characteristics of the patient group which showed a different result from the group without IPD in terms of quality. Future studies on the speech rate and pause characteristics of Korean-speaking patients with IPD in various severities.