• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2005

Most of stroke patients have not only physical difficulty but speech and neurological disorder because of hemiplegia and such unexpected changes cause psychologic disadaptability and absent-mindedness. Particularly, lowering of physical ability can lead to serious emotional problem from failure or frustration in daily life. Generally, treatment of patient with stroke put emphasis on physical rehabilitation but actually this patient had considerable speech disorder such as aphasia or articulation disorder. Moreover, failing of recognition function, mental disorder as hypochondria, and even visual and auditory disorder are represented. So it is effective to integrate verbal remediation and other treatments in medical care environment. In particular, patients with language disorder very often wither psychologically therefore it is efficient to use of music therapy that gives opulent emotion to aphasia patients. And primarily to investigate the effects of 10 sessions treatments; change in spoken total number of syllables, to confirm their own value by success of given task and reassure about themselves ability. All of 10 sessions stages were scored by MIT manual and its improvement were measured, that is, accomplishment was analyzed within each level in order to prove detail change of spoken total number of syllables. The result of this program organized from 2 syllables to 4 syllables is summarized as follows. Subject A completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in seventh session and to Level IV in ninth session, and in 4 syllables case showed 8% low success rate in first session but after repeated practice increased considerably in sixth session and in advanced to Level III in eighth session to Level IV in tenth session. Subject B also completed in preliminary stage Level I, in 2 syllables case advanced to Level III in forth session and to Level IV in sixth session, in 3 syllables case advanced to Level III in fifth session and to Level IV in seventh session, and in 4 syllables case showed 10% low success rate in first session and increased considerably in fifth session and in advanced to Level III in seventh session but could not reach to Level IV until tenth session. As a result, it was shown that music therapy using MIT was not statistically meaningful but improved spoken total number of syllables and success rate of task had improved as a whole. Therefore, music intervention using MIT it has positive affect on verbal ability of patients with Broca's Aphasia and their language rehabilitation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

This study attempted to analyze the contents of Practical Arts(Technology Home Economics)Textbooks written by the 7th national curriculum in a gender equity education. The objective of this study was to suggest some improvements which should be solved in terms of gender equity in Practical Arts, Technology and Home Economics education through analyzing their teaching and learning contents. Quantitative analysis were carried out for the objective of this study, Practical Arts(Technology Home Economics)Textbooks were divided into Technology and Home Economics fields. The pictures and illustration were analyzed in terms of sexual discrimination considering the social status and role. The analysis results were as follows. First, there were few cases of sexual discrimination in the texts. On the other hand, there were some cases of sexual discrimination in the pictures and illustration. Considering the results of some studies carried out in the 6th national curriculum, many problems raised in a gender equity education standpoint in the studies were solved. However, there were some cases of sexual discrimination which should be improved in the textbooks written by the 7th national curriculum. Second, there were few cases of sexual discrimination in Practical Arts textbooks. On the contrary many problems in terms of gender equity education were found in the textbooks of Technology and Home Economics. This result may be caused by the characteristics of Technology and Home Economics. The traditional viewpoint toward Technology and Home economics Textbook needs to be changed. In other words, their textbooks have to include practical contents for the positive sense of value and right sexual roles in terms of gender equity education. The contents of Practical Arts(Technology Home economics)Textbooks should be designed considering the articulation among the subjects and grades especially in terms of gender equity education.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.161-188
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• 2009

Confucianism's concept of Ye is ruled by the absolute principle of the universe on one hand, and by "the rules of Ye(節文)" and "the rules of ceremony(儀則)", the principle of relative articulation on the other hand. The realizations of the absolute principle of Ye is depending on its usage in everyday life which is fundamentally conditioned by time and space. Thus, Ye's usage can be maximized when the fundamental principle and the condition of its usage make a mutual harmony. Of course, Ye and Ak(樂) are doing complementary roles for each other, since Ye is a principle of a division and Ak is a principle of combining features. However, the essence of Ye can be figured out as the characteristics of mutual reciprocity among things of hierarchy between the classes. Not only in Modern one But also in the medieval society, Ye was not a one-sided force. The essence of Ye does not retain the interests of an individual and the power of a group. If so, the formal aspects of Ye had been distorted. Confucianism demands a strict morality and ethics of a normal person as well as of the ruler. The characteristics of Ye is democratic and open to the condition of time and space. Yegyo should be rooted in everyday lives and realized as a usualness. Therefore, Shirak was an inevitable feature of Yegyo. During the 16th and the 17th century, Ye insinuated into everyday lives of the public in the Korean society. Yulgok Yiyi(李珥)'s Haejuhyangyak(海州鄕約) was estimated as the exemplary feature of Shirak.