• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 1998

Based on the geometric representation an efficient al-gorithm is designed to find all articulation points of a permutation graph. The proposed algorithm takes only O(n log n) time and O(n) space where n represents the number of vertices. The proposed se-quential algorithm can easily be implemented in parallel which takes O(log n) time and O(n) processors on an EREW PRAM. These are the first known algorithms for the problem on this class of graph.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.481-496
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• 2012

Purpose: This paper aims at improving inefficiency of an existing posterior preference articulation method proposed for dual response surface optimization. The method generates a set of non-dominated solutions and then allows a decision maker (DM) to select the best solution among them through an interval selection strategy. Methods: This paper proposes an iterative posterior preference articulation method, which repeatedly generates the predetermined number of non-dominated solutions in an interval which becomes gradually narrower over rounds. Results: The existing method generates a good number of non-dominated solutions not used in the DM's selection process, while the proposed method generates the minimal number of non-dominated solutions necessitated in the selection process. Conclusion: The proposed method enables a satisfactory compromise solution to be achieved with minimal cognitive burden of the DM as well as with light computation load in generating non-dominated solutions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

This was a preliminary study for standardizing speech rate and fluency of normal adult Korean speakers and comparing speech rate and fluency of normal speakers with those of professional speakers. The purposes of this study were to investigate (a) the speech rates (the overall speech rate and the articulation rate) and the disfluency characteristics of normnal adult speakers and (b) the speech rates (the overall speech rate and the articulation rate) and the disfluency characteristics between normal adult speakers and professional speakers. The results were as follows: The most frequent disfluency type was 'interjection' in story-telling, 'revision' in text reading and announcing of professional speakers. The professional speakers had the fastest speech rates (overall speech rate and articulation rate) among the 3 groups.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2000

One of the widely accepted methods for evaluating the interior sound quality of automobiles is Articulation Index(AI). The AI actually measures the articulation level of the sound in the vehicle cabin as passengers talk to one another. In this study, the effect of two different absorption materials inside the cabin on AI has been investigated by ray-tracing method : one is firewall, the other is celling. It turns out that the back seat location is found to be strongly dependent on the type of absorption materials treated at the celling, since the sound absorbing area is different due to the location and the firewall is situated in the "Reverberation Radius". The proposed methdo could be used to improve the sound quality of automobiles at the design stge.sign stge.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.45-46
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• 1995

Hip articulation fusion is to relieve hip pain from pathologic joint problem. The questionnaire is followed by hip articulation fusion surgery in order to evaluate the degree of pain, function, mobility. However, this subjective evaluation is controversial. The patient endurance of pain which affect function and mobility of lower extremity call not assess objectively. Therefore, gait analysis is necessary for objective evaluation. This study is to evaluate objectively function and mobility after hip articulation fusion surgery using gait analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.203-206
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• 2009

Articulation Index(AI) is the one of the evaluating methods for the interior sound of the automobiles. The AI measures the articulation level of the sound in the vehicle cabin as passengers talk to another. In this study, the effects of AI were investigated according to the various structures of tire. As the structures of tire were changed, the road noise of the vehicle tire was measured using objective measurement. From this measurement data, the AI was calculated. The AI of front is larger than that of rear. Increasing the tread hardness of tire or decreasing the apex height the AI is improved.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2007

The affricates of the Korean were alveolar sounds in the 15th century. Alveolar sounds have changed to post-alveolar or alveo-palatal sounds since the 18th century, at least in Southern Korean. These days, the advanced articulation of the affricates are observed, especially in the speech of young generations. The aim of this paper is to show the differences of the affricates when they are pronounced in alveo-palatal and in a more advanced position than in alveo-palatal by their cut-off frequencies. We have recorded speeches of freshmen(in their early twenties) at Seoul National University. The result was that the cut-off frequency of the advanced articulation in auditory observations was higher than that of the others. We have found in particular, that women have tendency to advance their place of articulation of the affricates.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3257-3269
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• 2020

Articulation disorders are characterized by an inability to achieve clear pronunciation due to misuse of the articulators. In this paper, a method of detecting such disorders by comparing to the standard pronunciations is proposed. This method defines the standard pronunciations from the speeches of normal children by clustering them with three features which are the Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficient (LPCC), the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), and the Relative Spectral Analysis Perceptual Linear Prediction (RASTA-PLP). By calculating the distance between the centroid of the standard pronunciation and the inputted pronunciation, disordered speech whose features locates outside the cluster is detected. 89 children (58 of normal children and 31 of children with disorders) were recruited. 35 U-TAP test words were selected and each word's standard pronunciation is made from normal children and compared to each pronunciation of children with disorders. In the experiments, the pronunciations with disorders were successfully distinguished from the standard pronunciations.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate two phonological error patterns on coronal feature of children with functional articulation disorders and to compare them with those of general children. We tested 120 children with functional articulation disorders and 100 general children from 2~4 years of age with 'Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Chidren(APAC)'. The results were as follows: (1) 37 disordered children substituted [+coronal] consonants for [-coronal] consonants (fronting of velars) and 9 disordered children substituted [-coronal] consonants for [+coronal] consonants (backing to velars). (2) Theses two phonological patterns were affected by the articulatory place of following phoneme. (3) The fronting pattern of children with articulation disorders was similar with that of general children, but their backing pattern was different with that of general children. These results show the clinical usefulness of coronal feature in phonological pattern analysis, the need of articulatory assessment with various phonetic context, and the importance of error contexts in clinical judgment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic properties of fricatives, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ produced by children with functional articulation disorder and normal children (N=20, aged 6-7). All subjects showed significant differences in both the length of friction intervals and breathing intervals of fricatives according to the changes in the environment presented within each group. However, there is a difference in the extent of variation in length between the two groups. This means that children with functional articulation disorder have greater difficulty in adjusting fricative noises according to changes in the CV VCV environment than normal children.