• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2009

Herba Artemisiae Capillaris is the dried bud of Artemisia capillaris Thunb, which has been used for expelling heat to loosen the bowels and normalizing gallbladder function to cure jaundice in traditional oriental medicines. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extracts of Herba Artemisiae Capillaris (HAC) in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS 1 h before adding HAC extract. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and the relative level of NO was measured with Griess reagent. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 cytokines were detected by ELISA. During the entire experimental period, all three doses of HAC extract (0.03, 0.10 and 0.30 mg/ml) had no significant cytotoxicity. LPS-activated cells showed increased NO levels and iNOS expressions compared to control. However, these increases were dramatically attenuated by treatment with HAC extract. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of HAC extract occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HAC extract reduced the translocation of $NF{\kappa}B$ into nuclear. HAC reduced production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 by LPS, although it had no effects on TNF-$\alpha$. These results demonstrate that liquiritigenin exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which results from the inhibition of $NF{\kappa}B$ activation in macrophages, thereby decreasing production of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results indicate that the aqueous extracts of Herba Artemisiae Capillaris warrant further development as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.598-604
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• 1995

The contents in large intestine of Sprague Dawley rats fed polygalae radix(Polygala tennuifolia), onion(Allium cepa) and mugwort(Artemisia asiatica)-supplemented diets for 14 days were analysed for changes of major intestinal microflora, activities of ${\beta}-glucosidase\;and\;{\beta}-glucuronidase$ and amounts of putrefactive products such as indole and volatile basic nitrogen. The rats having ingested $5%{\sim}10%$ mugwort water or ethanol extract-supplemented diets showed a significant increase in intestinal bifido-bacteria and a decrease in clostridia and E. coli (p<0.05). And 10% onion juice group also showed a similar beneficial microflora change. In 5% mugwort powder-supplemented group, ${\beta}-glucosidase\;and\;{\beta}-glucuronidase$ activities in the intestinal contents were lowered, but the changes were not significant. Indole contents and pH in this group were significantly low compared with that of control (p<0.05). However, the activities of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ in 5% polygalae radix water extract and 10% onion juice-supplemented group and ${\beta}-glucuronidase\;in\;5%{\sim}10%$ mugwort water and ethanol extract-supplemented group were significantly higher than those of control (p<0.05). The intestinal indole contents of rats were significantly increased by feeding diet with water extract of polygalae radix and ethanol extract of mugwort which had brought comparatively large amount of protein in intestine (p<0.05). However, polygalae radix, onion, and mugwort-supplemented group had no effect on volatile basic nitrogen.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mugwort (Artemisia asiatica Nakai) on the rice cake and bread preservation, and to identify their antimicrobial compounds. The mugwort extracts showed complete inhibition on the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level. Antimicrobial activi쇼 of mugwort extract were stronger than that of commercial antimicrobial agent. Five % of sodium propionate solution showed complete inhibition on the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus, but L. plantarum was inhibited 50.87% at the same concentration. When various amounts of freeze-dried mugwort powder were added in sulgis (steamed rice cake), 3% ssooksulgi (mugwort powder added sulgi) had quite lower level of total bacterial count (5.5$\times$$10^/5 CFU/g) compared with the control group (1.4$\times$$10^/7 CFU/g) at ambient temp. (30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$) after 72 hr. Three % addition of mugwort showed 2 days extention of shelf-life of rice cake. The sensory qualities of ssooksulgi has no significant difference in moistness, consistency, cohesiveness, afterswallowing and overall quality compared with control group. Ssooksulgi with 3% of mugwort powder had the best overall quality in sensory test. The methanol extract of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of mugwort could lead the successful retardation of the growth of putrefactive microorganism during the incubation of rice cake at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. On the other hand, coumarin (Sigma) had 54% inhibitory effect at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal completely inhibited the growth of putrefactive microorganism of whitesulgi at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level during the incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr.48 hr.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.503-508
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• 1994

Methanol extracts from 45 species of oriental medicinal plants belonging to 17 families were subjected to a screening test for their larvicidal and antifeeding activities against two species of lepidopteran larvae, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura F.) by a leaf-dipping method. At a concentration of 8,000 ppm, methanol extract of Corydalis turrschaninovii roots only was found to have potent larvicidal activity against S. litura. At 5,000 ppm, strong antifeeding activity against both larvae was observed from the extracts of Clerodendron trichotomum, C. trichotomum var. esculentum, Inura helenium, Arctium lappa, Artemisia messerschmidtiana, Anthriscus sylvestris, Angelica dahurica, and C. turrschaninovii.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2006

New herbal formula (NHF) is the ethanol extract mixture of Puerariae radix, Artemisia capillaries and Perilla frutescens. We have Investigated the effects on anti-inflammation by NHF and attempted acetic acid induced writhing to verify the analgesic effect. Macrophages and chondrocytes were obtained from mouse and rabbit. Inflammation was induced bγ interleukin-1, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interferon-{\gamma}$, and lipopolysaccharide. NHF showed strong inhibitory efficacy against cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation, $PGE_2$ production, NO production, and MMP-9 expression in rabbit articular chondrocyte. In the writhing test, NHF exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing. Futhermore, NHF increased the activity of SOD. NHF have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and could be a good herbal medicine candidate for curing of osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2008

Quantitative methods for the marker compounds of Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Achyranthis Radix, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Moutan Cortex Radicis and Arecae Semen, respectively, were developed using HPLC-DAD. Using the established methods, each extract of the natural medicines were evaluated. In addition, long term and accelerated stability test in the extracts were examined for six months. No significant change in content of the marker compounds of each extract observed during the time of investigation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Although the effects of the rice bran have recently been investigated, there is no information regarding platelet physiology available. However, it is well known that fermented natural plants have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether fermented rice bran extract (FRBE) with several plants (Artemisia princeps, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Cnidium officinale, and Camellia sinensis) affected agonist-induced platelet aggregation, and if so, what the underlying mechanism of its activity was. We performed several experiments, including in vitro platelet aggregation, intracellular calcium concentration and adenosine triphosphate release. In addition, the activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}b{\beta}3$ was determined using fibrinogen binding. Thrombus formation was also evaluated in vivo using an arterio-venous shunt model. The FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. FRBE significantly and dose dependently attenuated thrombus formation using rat arterio-venous shunt. FRBE suppressed the intracellular calcium mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. We also found that FRBE inhibited extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase 1/2, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results suggested that FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, which was mediated by modulation of downstream signaling molecules. In conclusion, FRBE could be developed as a functional food against aberrant platelet activation-related cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2014

Garlic and mugwort have long been used in traditional medicine to prevent various diseases. Several in vitro studies have reported protective efficacies of garlic and mugwort in cases of gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the cancer preventive effects of garlic and mugwort mixture extract (GME) in a Helicobacter (H.) pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis mouse model. To induce gastric cancer, C57BL/6 mice were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and H. pylori. Various concentrations of GME (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm) were then fed to the mice for 38 weeks, after which the tumor tissues were examined for histopathology, mucin histochemistry and ${\beta}$-catenin. The incidence of gastric tumors was significantly lower in the highest dose GME-treated mice (46.7%) than control mice (85.7%) (p < 0.05). The multiplicity and size of tumors were also significantly reduced by GME feeding in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Furthermore, GME suppressed the H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation measured by histologic grading of H. pylori density, chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in non-tumorous gastric mucosae. Our data suggest that GME suppresses gastric tumorigenesis via suppression of H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.911-916
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• 1995

Ionophorous antibiotics have been used popularly for the protection of avian coccidiosis, though Halo-fuginone which is derived from an extract of the Dichroa febrifuga, was developed as an antimalarial and anticoccidial agent. The antibiotics are regarded as the causes of residues in the avian products, therefore the author has tried to find out more safe herbal materials for the control of avian coccidiosis. Thus, the extracts of 5 kinds of herbs, roots of Pulsatilla koreana Nakai and Sophora flavescens Aiton, nuts of Quisqualis indica Linne, whole herbs of Artemisia annua Linne and Polygonum aviculare Linne, were investigated on the efficacy against E tenella. Survival rates, bloody diarrhea, lesion scores, body-weight gains and feed conversion rate were investigated at the 1st and the 2nd week after infection. The bloody diarrhea in the groups treated with P koreana, A annua, Q indica and P aviculare were milder than those in the groups treated with S flavescens and infected control. The lesion score in the groups treat.4 with herb extracts(2.00$\pm$0.82~2.65$\pm$0.89) were lower than those in the control group (2.80$\pm$0.7l). But, there was not significant in all infected groups. The body weight gai in the groups treated with P koreana, S flavescens, A annua and Q indica(291.74$\pm$15.76~303.43$\pm$51.90) were higher than that in the control group (283.71$\pm$16.53) but there was not significant. In a conclusion, analyzing the data of the survival rates, bloody diarrheal symptoms, lesion scores, body weight gains and oocyst excretions, the extract of S flavescens, P koreana, A annua and Q indica were effective. The further research on the above herbal materials will have been carried out by the author and the other researchers by means of the chemical analysis of the components.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

Background: The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3)is constitutively activated in many human cancers. It promotes tumor cell proliferation,inhibits apoptosis, induces angiogenesis and metastasis, and suppresses antitumor hostimmune responses. Therefore, Stat3 has emerged as a promising molecular target for cancertherapies. In this study, we evaluated the Stat3-suppressive activity of 38 herbal medicinestraditionally used in Korea.Methods: Medicinal herb extracts in 70% ethanol were screened for their ability to suppressStat3 in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. A Stat3-responsive reporter assay system wasused to detect intracellular Stat3 activity in extract-treated cells, and Western blot analyseswere performed to measure the expression profiles of Stat3-regulated proteins.Results: Fifty percent of the 38 extracts possessed at least mild Stat3-suppressive activities(i.e., activity less than 75% of the vehicle control). Ethanol extracts of Bupleurum falcatumL., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Solanum nigrum L., Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Euonymus alatusSieb., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., and Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill inhibited up to 75% of thevehicle control Stat3 activity level. A549 cells treated with these extracts also had reducedBcl-xL, Survivin, c-Myc, and Mcl-1 expression.Conclusion: Many medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea contain Stat3 activity-suppressing substances. Because of the therapeutic impact of Stat3 inhibition, these resultscould be useful when developing novel cancer therapeutics from medicinal herbs.