• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2007

Purpose: The present study purposed to investigate the current state of harmful business places around schools and to survey and analyze how much middle school students know about school environment hygiene purification zones, which have not been much effective. Methods: In addition, this study clarified the problem of harmful environment around schools by inquiring into students' value and perception on worsening harmful environment around schools and provided basic materials necessary for making policies on school education and the protection of educational environment. For these purposes, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,000 middle school students in Gyeonggi-do on their perception on harmful environment around their schools, and drew conclusions as follows. Result: Students' knowledge about the School Health Act was low, and they generally thought that the law does not play its role substantially and efficiently in purifying and regulating harmful environment and regulations are superficial and temporary. To the question of whether harmful businesses observe laws for purifying environment around schools, most of the students replied negatively. In actuality, as most of harmful businesses running at school environment hygiene purification zones are stationeries with game rooms, comic book stores, PC rooms, etc., which are highly accessible to students, they become serious problems in school environment. Conclusion: As it is required to make continuous and systematic surveys and researches on the school environment hygiene purification zones, we need to manage school environment efficiently through cooperation among the government, education offices and individual schools.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.109-125
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for establishing school education environment protection measures, on the basis of comparing and analyzing the realities and students' recognition degree of the environment and hygiene around the middle and high schools located in the rural areas. These study data were investigated by the self-administered questionnaires, taking as subject the 805 students in the middle and high schools located rural areas. And the results were as follows: First, as the result of having investigated the distribution degree of harmful environment within the purification zone around schools, it was found out that students responded: within the purification zone around the middle school, there were cartoon rooms (46.2％), electronic game rooms (45.9％), and singing rooms (45.0％). within the purification zone around the high school, there were electronic game rooms (46.3％), singing rooms (42.3％), billiard halls (41.4％), PC rooms (40.1 ％), and Soju-room (35.2％). Secondly, as having analyzed student's recognition degree of the harmful environment around the school, it was found out that middle school students responded that sexual utensils-treating shops (3.74 points) were most harmful, and next corrupted bathhouses (3.52 points), and Soju-room (3.47 points), and high school students also responded relating to harmfulness in a similar sequence. Thirdly, in case of students' recognition degree of the harmful environment around the school according to general characteristics, 1) girl students had a higher ratio of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than boy students (p〈0.001). 2) groups of students whose living standard was high had a higher ratio of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose living standard was low (p〈0.05). 3) groups of students whose school was located near the park or the residential street had a higher degree of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose school was located near the factory or the shopping area (p〈0.01). 4) groups of students whose school was located near the park or the residential street had a higher degree of recognition that the environment around the school was harmful than groups of students whose school was located near the amusement area or the shopping area (p〈0.05). Fourthly, 1) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced most highly the behavior of drinking and smoking, middle school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (22.5％) and high school students did so in the singing room (31.4％), and high school students had a very high experience ratio of drinking and smoking, compared with middle school students (p〈0.001). 2) relating to the harmful shops where they could get in contact with lewd articles, both of middle school students (5.3％) and high school students (8.3％) responded that they could do so in the video room. 3) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced unsound opposite sex acquaintance, both of middle school students (5.8％) and high school students (16.6％) responded that they did so most highly in hotels, and high school students had a remarkably high experience ratio of unsound opposite sex acquaintance, compared with middle school students (p〈0.05). 4) relating to the harmful shops where they experienced violence, middle school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (14.0％) and then in the singing room (3.7％), and high school students responded that they did so in the electronic game room (9.3％), the nightclub (4.6％), Soju-room (4.1 ％), and high school students had a remarkably high experience ratio of violence, compared with middle school students (p〈0.05). 5) relating to the harmful places where they experienced drugs both of middle school students (0.8％) and high school students (2.4％) responded that they did so in the hotels. Fifthly, when going to the harmful shops, students had the experience of being guided and regulated roughly 1 time - 2 times, and middle school students (16.4％) and high school students (16.7％) had almost similar experience ratios of being guided and regulated. Conclusively, there was a limit in controlling the environment and purification zone only by legal regulations and institutional controls, the self-control purification effort for the school and the surrounding environment was required greatly, in order to protect students from harmful environment. In addition, the constant study to establish the educational environment purification measures must be carried out.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2007

In actuality, as most of harmful businesses running at school environment hygiene purification zones are stationeries with game rooms, comic book stores, PC rooms, etc., which are highly accessible to students, they become serious problems in school environment. The present study conducted a survey of violation cases at school environment sanitation and purification zones around 21 elementary schools in Seoul. The objectives of this study are, first, to investigate harmful environment around schools regulated by the School Health Act, and second, to suggest plans to improve harmful environment around schools. According to the results of our survey, illegal acts and facilities observed at school environment sanitation and purification zones are as follows. Amusement pubs/room saloons occupied 52.5%, singing rooms 15.4%, game rooms 15.1%, billiard clubs 4.3%, gambling houses 4.3%, hotels/motels/inns 3.6%, cartoon shops 2.6%, video rooms 1.0%, LPG storages 0.7%, and infectious disease hospitals/detention hospitals/detention facilities 0.7%. As it is required to make continuous and systematic surveys and researches on the environmental hygiene around schools, we need to manage school environment efficiently through cooperation among the government, education offices and individual schools.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2009

To overcome short channel effects, wrap-around field effect transistors have drawn a great deal of attention for their superior electrostatic coupling between the channel and the surrounding gate electrode. In this paper, we introduce a bottom-up technique to fabricate a wrap-around field effect transistor using silicon nanowires as the conduction channel. Device fabrication was consisted mainly of electron-beam lithography, dielectrophoresis to accurately align the nanowires, and the formation of gate electrode using electrochemical deposition. The electrolyte for electrochemical deposition was made up of non-toxic organic-based solution and liquid nitrogen was used as a method of maintaining the shape of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) during the process of electrochemical deposition. Patterned PMMA can be used as a nano-template to produce wrap-around gate nano-structures.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1968

Observing the morphology of the incisal edges, the time of the loss of mamelon, the decrement rate of the mamelon and the increment rate of the flat edges in the lower incisors among 576 Korean from 7 to 16 years old, the author obtained the following results; 1) The morphology of the incisal edges of the lower incisors immediately after completing eruption is as follows; The lower central incisors show that three nodule is around 65%, flat edge is around 27%, two nodule is around 7% and the central prominence of the incisal edge is 2% The lower lateral incisors show that three nodule is around 23%, flat edge is 24.5%, two nodule is 4 to 12% and the central prominence of the incisal edges around 44%. 2) The loss of mamelon may start at the age of 10. 3) The decrement rate of the mamelon beyond 12 years old is above 80% in the lower central incisors and 70% in the lower lateral incisors. 4) The increment rate of the flat edges beyond 11 years old is above 170% in the lower central incisors and 30% in the lower lateral incisors. 5) None of significant differences are found between right and left sides.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study is about the investigation of the walking environment of the First Experimental Elementary School in Shapingba District of Chongqing City and the Zaozilanya Elementary School in Yuzhong District and the analysis of the pedestrian's consciousness. The improvement plan is obtained by comparing and analyzing the walking environment around the school. The survey results are as follows. According to the survey results of the walking environment around the school, the sidewalks of the two schools are relatively narrow, and there are more pedestrians crossing the road. There is a phenomenon of parking in both schools. The phenomenon of parking in Zaozilanya Elementary School is even more serious. In investigating the most important elements of the school's pedestrian environment, the setting of the signpost, the setting of the crosswalk and signal lights, the setting of the fence, the setting of the vehicle's deceleration facilities, and the control of the school gate are all necessary. Therefore, in order to create a safe and comfortable improvement plan for the surrounding environment of the school, first of all, in the improvement of the facilities around the school, the setting of the fence, the setting of the speed bump, the improvement of the crosswalk and the signal light. Second, in terms of restrictions, the scope of protection around the school needs to be expanded, and restrictions on parking and restrictions on vehicle traffic need to be implemented. Third, in terms of education and publicity, it is not only necessary to provide safety guidance for students to go to school, but also to provide drivers with driving safety education and publicity.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1983

It is well known that smoking habit is hazardous to health, especially for juvenile. The present study on smoking behavior of high school students in Seoul has two major objectives. The first objective is to find out the smoking behavior of high school students in Seoul. Toward this objective, individual's smoking experience has been examined as ever smoking and never smoking. The second objective is to determine the variables associated with their smoking behavior at the individual, family and school environment levels. For the data collection, the survey was carried out for the four high schools in Seoul from September 15 through October 15, 1982. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. Smoking behavior of the students 1) Out of 1,278 respondents, 30.2% of them were found to be current smokers and 29.3% of them were former smokers. This implies that around 60% of school students in Seoul have experienced smoking. 2) A significant differences in the current smoking rates between two types of the school students were shown as 19.3% for day-time school and 42% for night-time school. 3) In terms of the current smoking behavior, the students who don't live with parents were higher in smoking rate than those of the living with parents. 2. Attitudes and knowledge about smoking 1) Attitudes of students toward smoking in high school days were shown that around 17% of them agreed with it and around 64% of them disagreed with it. 2) Around 99% of the respondents answered that their smoking is harmful for health. A source of the information about negative effects of smoking on health was 'Radio and TV' (23.9%) as the most influential, 'school teacher' (20.9%), 'Newspaper' (18.2%) and so on. 3. Behavioral analysis for the current smokers 1) The factors affected for motivation in the first smoking were 'curiosity' (59.7%), 'temptation of friend' (19.7%), 'resistance feeling, (7.1%), 'merely interest and pleasure' (6%) respectively. 2) The time of the first smoking was 'third grade of Junior-high school' (31.5%) as highest, 'first grade of Senior-high school' (23.7%) and 'second grade of Junior-high school' (14.7%). 3) An average daily number of cigarettes consuming of current smokers was seven cigarettes. 4. Family and school-mates influences on individual's smoking behavior 1) The data revealed a significant relationship between student's smoking and their parent's smoking behavior. Around 75% of the students whom both parents are smoking have experienced cigarette smoking. It was found that the individual's smoking behavior was influenced by his sibling. Around 65% of the students whom brothers are smoking have experienced cigarette smoking. 2) The 'Smoking-Index' of friendship network or a group explained individual's smoking behavior in the group. The result of dyad analysis of smoking behavior in the friendship network showed that a high score of 'Smoking-Index' tended to be explained an adoption of smoking behavior at the individual level in the group. on the other hand, a low score of 'Smoking-Index' explained non-smoking behavior in the group.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.110-113
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• 2021

We present an unusual case of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma around orthopedic implants in a 78-year-old female with osteolytic, expansile, highly vascularized, malignant infiltration around suture anchors in the proximal humerus. The patient had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using suture anchor implants 6 years previously. After diagnosis of bone metastasis, she was successfully treated with metastasectomy and internal fixation using a plate and screws, with cement augmentation. This report is the first to document metastases around a suture anchor in a bone and suggests the vulnerability of suture anchor implants to tumor metastasis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of beta-tricalciumphosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) as a bone graft material on new bone formation and regeneration of mandible bone defect around dental implants. Methods: Both mandibular sites of ten rabbits were exposed. The experimental subjects were divided into two groups. Rabbits in the control group (right site of the mandible) had dental implants around cortical bone defects, without treatment, while, in the experimental group (left site of the mandible), ${\beta}$-TCP was grafted into the bone defect around the implant. Rabbits were sacrificed after one, two, three, four, and eight weeks, and histomorphometric evaluation and analysis of the bone implant contact rate were performed using an optical microscope. Results: Bone formation rates in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group from one to eight weeks, and percentages of implant surface contacted to bone were greater in the experimental group than in the control group from three weeks after implantation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the bone formation activity around dental implants was increased by osteoconduction activity of ${\beta}$-TCP.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the elementary schoolchildren's the fear of crime in pedestrian environment of elementary school for providing the basic design resource. Method:In order to deal with that, the questionnaire survey on the elementary schoolchildren's the fear of crime were conducted in 5 elementary schools in Ilsan new town. The results of the 293 questionnaires survey were analyzed through SPSS program. Result: The main results were as follows. The level of fear of crime in pedestrian environment differed in these 5 elementary schools because of the width of pedestrian path, the concealed place around pedestrian path, the nearness of park, the height/shape/interval of trees, the number of car and the closure-watching in the school caused by fence and trees and so on. The level of fear of crime in pedestrian environment differed between that of boy groups and that of girls groups because of the number of emergency bell/telephon, the shape of pedestrian path, the number of security office, the number of car and the concealed place around pedestrian path and so on.