• 제목/요약/키워드: aromatic plants

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Study of Dried Korean Native Plants Using for Floral Clusters (건조 자생식물 종별 꽃다발 이용 가능성 검토)

  • Sohn, Kwanhwa;Kwon, Hye Jin
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.266-274
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    • 2008
  • Korean native plants were investigated for their suitability to be used for floral clusters after drying. Floral clusters which were made in semi-sphere with a hand-tied method and can be fit in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper boxes were made with 37 species. Among 37 species, the 14 species which were easy to dry, to make floral clusters, and have not been used in other countries, were Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Muhlenbergia huegelii, Phleum pratense, Setaria glauca, and Setaria viridis in Gramineae, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, and Chrysanthemum indicum in Compositae, Agastache rugosa, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens in Labiatae, Carex neurocarpa in Cyperaceae, and Vitex rotundifolia in Verbenaceae were used with leaves, flowers, and fruits. The suitable plants for a floral cluster in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper box, a wreath in $22{\times}22{\times}6cm$ paper box, and a flower arrangement in $22{\times}22{\times}22cm$ paper box, which were made to a set, were 10 species, that is Phragmites communis, Setaria glauca, Setaria viridis, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, Chrysanthemum indicum, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens, Mosla punctulata, and Vitex rotundifolia.

Structural Features of Various Trichomes in Vitex negundo during Development (방향성 좀목형(Vitex negundo)모용의 구조적 분화발달)

  • Lee, Seung-Hee;Kim, In-Sun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 2006
  • Plants of Vitex negundo are known to develop numerous trichomes throughout their body, where certain trichome types have been believed to be one of the plausible structures for the unique scents. In the current study. structural aspects of the trichomes have been examined in leaves and stems of Vitex negundo using TEM and SEM. Trichome types as well as structural changes that occurred in certain trichomes during secretion have been mainly focused. Three type of glandular trichomes and two types of non-glandular trichomes were developed in the epidermis of young and mature Vitex negundo plants. The glandular trichomes included the peltate type (Type 1), the capitate type (Type 2), and degraded capitate type (Type 3), whereas the non-glandular warty trichomes contained the multicellular (Types 4) and unicellular type (Type 5). Type 1 and 2 consisted of head and stalk cells, but their number and size were different. One secretory cavity was formed from the four head cells in the former, but only two head cells were involved in the latter. The cytoplasmic density in the head cell was quite high and in particular, sER and Golgi bodies were well developed. At initiation of their development, the cuticle layer of the head cells separated from the outer tangential wall to form a secretory cavity. Subsequently the cavity expanded acropetally and a large number of secretory vesicles continuously produced from the head cells until they filled the entire cavity. The cavity contained materials that would be soon discharged into intercellular spaces and/or into the air. The cavity began to decrease the volume by contracting at initial secretion but degrade rapidly within short time. It has been suggested that the mode of secretion in V. negundo is probably the eccrine secretion, since no break or rupture of the cavity has been observed during examination. Contrastingly Type 3 exhibited deterioration of the head cell at early stage. Type 4 was about $110{\sim}190{\mu}m$ long, consisting of $2{\sim}3$ cells, and distributed more in the adaxial epidermis compared to the abaxial surface. However, $20{\sim}30{\mu}m$ long Type 5 was extremely dense in both epidermis. Among several trichome types, Type 1 and 2 probably play an important role in discharging unique aromatic scents in plants of V. negundo.

Effects of Organic Matter Applications on Essential Oil Contents and Composition in Anthriscus sylvestylis $H_{OFFM}$ (유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)에 따른 전호(前胡) 근(根)의 정유성분(精油成分) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Sang-Kuk;Lee, Sang-Chul;Min, Gi-Gun;Lee, Seong-Phil;Choi, Boo-Sull
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.16-20
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was conducted to find the most effective organic matters to improve the contents of aromatics and essential oils in root of Anthriscus sylvestylis. Growth of top part was promoted by application of chicken dung with saw dust. The contents of crude protein, fat and fiber were also increased by chicken dung with saw dust. Essential oil content was highest as 0.82% when plants were treated by chicken dung with saw dust. The optimum organic matter showing high yield was chicken dung with saw dust as 276kg per 10a. Twenty two aromatic constituents were identified from root of Anthriscus sylvestylis regardless of organic matter kinds. In particular, aromatic constituents such as sabinene and carboxaldehyde were highest at the application of chicken dung with saw dust as 16.9 and 163.4 % area, respectively.

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Oxidative-Coupling Reaction of Aromatic Compounds by Mn Oxide and Its Application for Contaminated Soil Remediation (망간산화물에 의한 방향족 유기화합물의 산화-공유결합반응 및 이를 이용한 오염토양 정화기법)

  • Kang, Ki-Hoon;Shin, Hyun-Sang;Nam, Kyoung-Phile
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2007
  • Immobilization of contaminants in subsurface environment is one of the major processes that determine their fate. Especially, immobilization by oxidative-coupling reactions, which is irreversible in the bio-chemical reactions and results in a significant reduction of toxicity, can be successfully applied for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater more effectively than conventional degradation. As a catalyst of this oxidative-coupling reaction, manganese oxide has many advantages in practical aspects as compared to microorganisms or oxidoreductive enzymes extracted from microorganisms, fungi, or plants. This paper is to present recent research achievements on the treatment mechanisms of various organic contaminants by manganese oxide. Especially, treatment methods of non-reactive organic compounds to Mn oxide are the main focus; i.e., application of reaction mediator, PAHs treatment method, combination with an appropriate pretreatment such as reduction using $Fe^0$, which suggests the potential of a wide range of engineering application. Concerning the natural carbon cycle processes, immobilization and stabilization by oxidative coupling reaction can be effectively applied as a environmentally-friend remediation method especially for aromatic contaminants which possess a high resistance to degradation.

Aromatic Agriculture: Volatile Compound-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Crop Protection (향기농업: 휘발성 물질을 이용한 식물병 진단과 방제)

  • Riu, Myoungjoo;Son, Jin-Soo;Oh, Sang-Keun;Ryu, Choong-Min
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2022
  • Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.

Effects of a Dye from Artemisia, the Natural Dyeing Material, on the Functionality of Dyeing in Mind-Peace Education for the Silver Generation (실버세대 감성교육을 위한 천연염재 쑥속(Artemisia)식물의 염료가 염색의 기능성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Eun;Kwon, Young-Suk
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.633-639
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    • 2015
  • The experience of natural dyeing is expected to be effective in promoting health through good exercise, in giving emotional stability based on the functional aromatic components of the dyeing material, and in improving self-esteem and increasing positive experiences through the behavior of creation. A natural dyeing material easily found around us, artemisia has long been used in food and Oriental medicine and was recently found to contain antioxidative, anticancer, deodorizing, antibacterial, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes substances through chemical analysis. It has also been reported that group reminiscence therapy using the fragrance of artemisia is effective in relieving pain and depression and in promoting ego integrity in the elderly population. This study aimed to make a comparative analysis of dyeability, washing fastness, and deodorization between Artemisia princeps, Artemisia iwayomogi, and Artemisia annua, all of which are considered to be healthful and functional dyeing materials, among about thirty domestic plants in the genus of Artemisia and to provide basic data concerning natural dyeing in mind-peace education for the silver generation. The fabric dyed and post-mordanted at $80^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes showed the greatest surface color variation; in this condition, artemisia princes (32.29) gave the greatest color difference, followed by artemisia iwayomogi (31.07) and artemisia annua (26.17). While all the types of artemisia were excellent in washing fastness, dry-cleaning fastness, and rubbing fastness at the fourth- or fifth-grade, light fastness was at the third grade for artemisia princes, at the second to third grade for artemisia annua, and at the second grade for artemisia iwayomogi; therefore, artemisia princes was found to give better fastness than the other two types of artemisia. In determining functionality of the fabric dyed with artemisia, deodorization test also found that the fabric dyed with artemisia princes had 20% higher deodorization.

Management Changes of Hazardous Air Pollutants Sources and Its Proposed Improvement in Korea (유해대기오염물질 배출원 관리의 변천과 개선방향)

  • Kim, Jong-Ho;Lee, Jeong Joo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.536-544
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    • 2013
  • Even a small amount of hazardous air pollutants could have a harmful influence upon human beings, animals and plants. Hazardous air pollutants have the properties of toxicity, canceration and organism accumulation. They include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin, etc. The Clean Air Conservation Act has defined specific hazardous air pollutants and designated 35 pollutants, distinguishing them from common air pollutants for special control. This study investigates the history of the controls of specific hazardous air pollutants with reference to some relevant laws and regulations in Korea. It investigates the regulations at the permission stage, such as the restrictions on installation of emission facilities, the permission and reporting of installation of emission facilities, and the regulations at the operation stage, such as maintaining permissible emission levels, installation of measuring devices, dues for emission, self-measurement and securing environmental engineers. The current regulatory management is not so satisfactory in regards to the serious effects of specific hazardous air pollutants upon the human body. An advanced new concept, like the maximum available control technology in US, the facilities management standards, which will soon take effect, will be able to lessen the emissions of fugitive hazardous air pollutants. In addition, this study discusses some possible stricter controls on the emission facilities of specific hazardous air pollutants and proposes some measures to maintain and supplement the current systems.

Antimicrobial Effect of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Salmonella Enteritidis in Various Dairy Foods: Preliminary Study

  • Lim, Hyun-Woo;Kim, Dong-Hyeon;Kim, Se-Hyung;Lee, Jun-Man;Chon, Jung-Whan;Song, Kwang-Young;Bae, Dongryeoul;Kim, Jinhyun;Kim, Hyunsook;Seo, Kun-Ho
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.146-154
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    • 2018
  • There are more than 25 species of Mentha plants, which are aromatic perennial herbs. Currently, these species are being widely used with great interest because of various clinical findings regarding their health benefits. This is due to the abundance of volatile compounds that could expedite environmental interactions such as protection against herbivores, parasites, pathogens, and so on. Therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effect of Mentha piperita (peppermint) oil on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Salmonella Enteritidis were investigated using the spot-on-lawn method. The results show that Mentha piperita (peppermint) oil exhibited antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Cronobacter sakazakii; however, it did not inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis. This shows that the antimicrobial effect of Mentha piperita (peppermint) oil is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, in the present study, Mentha piperita (peppermint) oil was shown to have strong antimicrobial activities; it could be used as a potential food additive for improving the quality of various milk-based products due to its various bioactive properties. Future studies should be conducted for manufacturing functional dairy products with the addition of peppermint oil to prevent and/or alleviate specific diseases.

Study on the Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matters from Diverse Sources by XAD Resin Fractiontion and Microbial Incubation Experiments (XAD 수지분획과 생분해 실험에 의한 기원별 용존유기물질 특성 연구)

  • Oh, Seijin;Choi, ChanKyu;Hur, Jin;Jung, Myung-Sook;Shin, Hyun-Sang
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.976-985
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    • 2010
  • In this study, characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Paldang and seven other DOM sources (lake plankton, plants, soil, composite, treated sewage) were studied using XAD resin fractionation and 28-day microbial incubation experiment. Distribution patterns of DOM-fractions, which include hydrophilic acids (HiA), hydrophilic bases (HiB), hydrophilic neutrals (HiN), hydrophobic acids (HoA), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN) and the extent of DOM biodegradation (i.e., biodegradability) were different depending on the origins of the DOM samples. The DOM distribution pattern and the biodegradability were found to be effective for distinguishing the different DOM sources. The biodegradability (%) had negative correlations with the content (%) of hydrophobic fractions (Ho) and specific UV absorbance of DOM, which indicate that the Ho fractions contain more aromatic carbon structures and relatively stable during biodegradation, irrespective of the sources. To gain additional insight into the microbial transformation of the DOM, we also investigated the changes in the fraction's distribution for plankton, leaf litter and composite samples after the incubation. The results showed that biodegradation of hydrophilic fraction (Hi) causes an increase in the proportion of Ho (HoA, HoN), while biodegradation of HoA increases the HoN production.

Structure and action mechanism of humic substances for plant stimulations

  • Jeon, Jong-Rok;Yoon, Ho Young;Shin, Gyeong-Im;Jeong, Song Yi;Cha, Joon-Yung;Kim, Woe-Yeon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.175-179
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    • 2018
  • Humic substances that can be obtained from coal resources such as leonardite in a bulk scale have been employed as crop stimulators and soil conditioners. The polymeric organics containing a variety of aromatic and aliphatic structures are known to activate plants in a multifunctional way, thus resulting in enhanced germination rate and abiotic stress resistance concomitant with induction of numerous genes and proteins. Although detailed structural-functional relationship of humic substances for plant stimulations has not been deciphered yet, cutting-edge analytical tools have unraveled critical features of humic architectures that could be linked to the action mechanisms of their plant stimulations. In this review article, we introduce key findings of humic structures and related biological functions that boost plant growth and abiotic stress resistance. Oxygen-based functional groups and plant hormone-like structures combined with labile and recalcitrant carbon backbones are believed to be critical moieties to induce plant stimulations. Some proteins such as HIGH-AFFINITY $K^+$ TRANSPORTER 1, phospholipase A2 and $H^+$-ATPase have been also recognized as key players that could be critically involved in humic substance-driven changes in plant physiology.