• 제목/요약/키워드: aromatic amino acids

검색결과 103건 처리시간 0.121초

차광과 유기물 시용이 더덕의 생육 및 향기성분에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Shading and Organic Matter Applications on Growth and Aromatic Constituents of Codonopsis lanceolata)

  • 이승필;김상국;남명숙;최부술;이상철
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.496-504
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 자생지 야생더덕이 가지는 고방향성의 특성을 노지재배시 재배더덕에서도 고방향성을 갖는 재배기술을 확립하기 위하여 차광과 유기물 시용량을 달리하여 시험하였는 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 차광조건에 따른 기상차이는 무차광구에 비해 차광(55%)에서 최고기온 6.1$^{\circ}C$, 최저기온 0.6$^{\circ}C$, 평균기온 3.4$^{\circ}C$ 낮았고 지온도 3.4$^{\circ}C$ 낮았으며 조도량도 무차광에 비해 44% 정도 적었다. 2. 더덕의 지상부 및 지하부 생육은 유기물 시용양이 많을수록 양호하였으나 그 효과는 차광(55%)에 비하여 무차광에서 현저하였다. 3. 더덕뿌리의 일반성분 조성에서 조단백질은 차광구에서 높았고 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 현저하게 높았으나 무차광구에서는 이와 반대로 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 현저하게 감소하였으며 조지방은 무차광 구에서 높았고 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 조성분은 상반되는 경향을 보였다 4. 무기성분중에서 다량원소인 K, Ca, Mg등은 차광구에 비해 무차광구에서 높았고, 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 현저하게 높았으나 미량원소는 차광조건과 유기물 시용량에 따른 조성의 차이를 보이지 않았으며 조사포닌 함량은 차광구에 비해 무차광구에서 높았으나 유기물 시용량간에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 5. 유리 아미노산의 함량은 차광구에 비해 무차광구에서 높았으며 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 높은 경향을 보였고 arginine이 가장 많은 함량을 보였다. 6. 식물정유 성분의 수율변화는 차광 55%에 비하여 무차광이 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 향기성분은 총 44종이 동정되었는데 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, trans-2-hexanal 등이 높은 조성을 보였고 무차광구에 비하여 차광구(55%)에서 높았으며 유기물 시용량이 많을수록 현저히 증가하는 경향이었다. 8. 종합적으로 볼 때 지상부 및 지하부 생육은 차광에 비해 무차광에서 양호하였으나 향기성분은 무차광에 비하여 차광에서 높았고 유기물 시용량간에도 시용량이 증가할수록 방향성이 높아 고품질의 더덕을 생산하기 위해서는 차광과 유기물 다량시용을 병행해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

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放射性 沃化反應 (第 1 報) 低溫沃化反應 (Radio Iodination of Organic Compounds (1) A Low Temperature Procedures)

  • 김유선;김종두
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 1967
  • 放射性 沃化反應 中 分解하기 쉬운 化合物의 沃化反應으로 有用한 低溫沃化反應에 關하여 硏究하였다. Chloroamine-T를 利用한 沃化反應은 低溫에서 높은 收率로 放射性 沃化反應을 進行시킬 수 있었으며, 活性化된 芳香核이 있는 또는 이에 類似한 아미노酸, 蛋白質化合物, 各 種 Phenol類의 沃化가 不可能하였으나 二重結合化合物 및 一般化合物엔 큰 效果가 없었다. 反應收率은 $100{\sim}60%$이었으며, 各 化合物의 試藥에 對한 反應度는 親電子反應에 對한 芳香核의 反應度와 比例하는 것이었다. 反應操作을 記述하였으며 反應過程을 考察하였다.

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Escherichia coli에 의한 방향족 아미노산 생산에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Production of Aromatic Amino Acids by Escherichia coli.)

  • Park, Young-Jin
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.119-127
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    • 1985
  • 여러 가지 Escherchia coli 변이주의, glucose 와 ammonium염과 같은 간단한 기질로부터 방향족 아미노산 특히 phenylanine을 생합성하는 능력을 비교 검토한 결과 방향족 아미노산 생합성과정중 common pathway의 첫 번째 반응이 phenylanine 생합성에 가장 큰 영향을 준다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 관계효소인 DAHP synthase의 효소활성과 생합성에 관련된 각종 대사 제어작용을 효과적으로 제거시킴으로서 phenylalanine 생산량을 크게 높일 수 있었으며 더욱이 phenylalanine terminal pathway의 첫 단계 반응을 촉매하는 prephenate de-hydratase의 효소활성과 효소생합성에 관련된 제어 작용도 동시에 제거하면 phenylalanine생산이 상승적으로 증가됨을 보였다. 한편 방향족아미노산의 transport system에 관계하는 arop유전자의 변이는 phenylalanine생산을 크게 저하시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

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Lactococcus sp. HY449가 생산한 Bacterisocin의 정제 (Purification and Partial Amino Acid Sequence of a Bacteriocin Produced by Lactococcus, sp. HY449)

  • 오세종;이상준;김경태;김상교;박연희;백영진
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 2001
  • Lactrococcus sp. HY449균줄르 M17-glucose broth에 배양하여 배양 상등액으로부터 propanol-actone 침전 ion-exchange chromatography gel-filtration chromatography 및 reverse-phase chroamtography 등을 통하여 비활성 25,600,000 BU/mg 인 순수한 bacteriocin 을 정제하였다. 정제 과정 주에서 ion-exchange chromatography 단계에 서는 35.3%의회수율이 7.3%로 감소하였다. Reverse-Phase chromatography에선 3.3%의 회수율을 보였고 활성도는 413.5배로 증가하였다. Tricine-SDS 전기영도 결과 bacteriocin 은 단일 밴드로 나타났으며, N-말단 아미노산 서열 분석을 수행한 결과 $NH_2$-IIe-Leu-Pro-GIn로 확인되었다. 아미노산조정 분석결과를 바탕으로 분자량을 예측한 결과 본 bacteriocin은 32개의 아미노산으로 이루어져 있으며 분자량은 3.6kDa인 것으로 추정되었다.

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Enhanced Stability of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase from Symbiobacterium toebii by DNA Shuffling

  • Kim, Jin-Ho;Song, Jae-Jun;Kim, Bong-Gyun;Sung, Moon-Hee;Lee, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.153-157
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    • 2004
  • Tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) is a useful enzyme for the synthesis of pharmaceutical aromatic amino acids. In the current study, sequential DNA shuffling and screening were used to enhance the stability of TPL. Twenty-thousand mutants were screened, and several improved variants were isolated. One variant named A13V, in which the $13^{th}$ amino acid alanine was substituted by valine, exhibited a higher temperature and denaturant stability than the wild-type TPL. The purified mutant TPL, A13V, retained about 60% of its activity at $76^\circ{C}$, whereas the activity of the wild-type TPL decreased to less than 20% at the same temperature. Plus, A13V exhibited about 50% activity with 3 M urea, while the wild-type TPL lost almost all its catalytic activity, indicating an increased denaturant tolerance in the mutant A13V. It is speculated that the substitution of Val for the Ala in the $\beta$-strand of the N-terminal arm was responsible for the heightened stabilization, and that the current results will contribute to further research on the structural stability of TPL.

황원자를 함유한 아미노산 검출용 전하이동형 색소에 관한 연구 (Charge Transfer Dye Probe for Thiol-containing Amino Acid)

  • 신인섭;권선영;마츠모토 신야;김성훈
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.261-269
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    • 2015
  • Two new D-${\pi}$-A dyes were synthesized by the condensation reaction between active methyl and aromatic aldehyde and its biothiol sensing properties in DMSO/water were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Upon addition of $Hg^{2+}$, the solution of D-${\pi}$-A dyes showed color change and the absorption band shows a formation of a dye-$Hg^{2+}$ coordination complex. These dyes exhibited high selectivity for $Hg^{2+}$ as compared with other cations. The dye-$Hg^{2+}$ could be recovered by adding glutathion(GSH). The absorption intensity of dye-$Hg^{2+}$ increased only by the addition of glutathione(GSH). The competition experiments revealed that no obvious interference was observed by performing the titration with the mixture of glutathione(GSH) and other amino acids. The results indicated that these D-${\pi}$-A dyes were highly selective for glutathione(GSH) detection.

Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reductase YOL151W Mutants Suitable for Chiral Alcohol Synthesis Using an NADH Cofactor Regeneration System

  • Yoon, Shin Ah;Jung, Jihye;Park, Seongsoon;Kim, Hyung Kwoun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2013
  • The aldo-keto reductases catalyze reduction reactions using various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes/ketones. Most reductases require NADPH exclusively as their cofactors. However, NADPH is much more expensive and unstable than NADH. In this study, we attempted to change the five amino acid residues that interact with the 2'-phosphate group of the adenosine ribose of NADPH. These residues were selected based on a docking model of the YOL151W reductase and were substituted with other amino acids to develop NADH-utilizing enzymes. Ten mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in Escherichia coli. Among them, four mutants showed higher reductase activities than wild-type when using the NADH cofactor. Analysis of the kinetic parameters for the wild type and mutants indicated that the $k_{cat}/K_{m}$ value of the Asn9Glu mutant toward NADH increased 3-fold. A docking model was used to show that the carboxyl group of Glu 9 of the mutant formed an additional hydrogen bond with the 2'-hydroxyl group of adenosine ribose. The Asn9Glu mutant was able to produce (R)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxyl butanoate rapidly when using the NADH regeneration system.

Development of a Chemically Defined Minimal Medium for the Exponential Growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC8293

  • Kim, Yu Jin;Eom, Hyun-Ju;Seo, Eun-Young;Lee, Dong Yup;Kim, Jeong Hwan;Han, Nam Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권11호
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    • pp.1518-1522
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    • 2012
  • Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a heterofermentative Grampositive bacterium that plays key roles in fermentation of foods such as kimchi, sauerkraut, and milk, leading to the production of various organic acids and aromatic compounds. To study the microbiological and genomic characteristics of L. mesenteroides, we have developed a new chemically defined minimal medium by using the single omission technique. During the exponential cell growth, this species required glutamine, methionine, valine, and nicotinic acid as essential nutrients and 8 amino acids (arginine, cysteine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, and tryptophan), 5 vitamins (ascorbic acid, folic acid, inosine, calcium panthothenate, and thiamine), and others (manganese, magnesium, adenine, uracil, and Tween 80) as supplemental nutrients. This medium is useful to study the metabolic characteristics of L. mesenteroides and to explain its role in food fermentation.

Engineering and Characterization of the Isolated C-Terminal Domain of 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) Synthase

  • Kim, Hak-Jun;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Kang, Sung-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권8호
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    • pp.1385-1389
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    • 2007
  • 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase catalyzes the formation of EPSP and inorganic phosphate from shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. To delineate the domain-specific function, we successfully isolated the discontinuous C-terminal domain (residues 1-21, linkers, 240-427) of EPSP synthase (427 residues) by site-directed mutagenesis. The engineered C-terminal domains containing no linker (CTD), or with gly-gly ($CTD^{GG}$) and gly-ser-ser-gly ($CTD^{GSSG}$) linkers were purified and characterized as having distinct native-like secondary and tertiary structures. However, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), $^{15}N-HSQC$,\;and\;^{31}P-NMR$ revealed that neither its substrate nor inhibitor binds the isolated domain. The isolated domain maintained structural integrity, but did not function as the half of the full-length protein.

Flavor and Taste-Active Compounds in Blue Mussel Hydrolysate Produced by Protease

  • Cha, Yong-Jun;Kim, Hun;Jang, Sung-Min
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 1998
  • Volatile flavor compounds in hydrolyzed blue mussel(HBM) produced by OptimaseTM APL-440, with untreated blue mussel(UBM) were compared. A total of 100 volatile compounds were detected in both HBM and YBM , consisting mainly of 25 aldehydes, 16 ketones, 17 alcohols, 8 nitrogen-containing compounds, 11 aromatic compounds, 8 terpenes, and 15 miscellaneous compounds. Levels of aromiatic compounds decreased after hydrolysis, whereas levels of 7 nitrogen-containing compounds increased. The compounds , 3-methylbutanal, (z)-4-heptenal, and (E,Z)-2-, 6-nonadienal , had the highest odor values in both samples. Total free amino acids in HBM were 21.89%(w/w) and increased by 3,4 times higher than UBM. glutamic acid and aspartic acid, having sour tastes, were the major taste-active compounds in HBM.

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