• Mycobiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

We investigated the effects on various crops of inoculation with species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from different sources and selected AMF species suitable for domestic environment-friendly farming. Effects on plants varied with the AMF species used. In carrot, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora longula, and Funneliformis mosseae had a positive effect on growth of the host, whereas AMF had only weak effects on the growth of red pepper and leek. AMF inoculation had positive effects on the growth of carrot and sorghum. The results of this study indicate the nature of the relationship between soil, plants, and AMF; this study therefore has important implications for the future use of AMF in environment-friendly agriculture.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

In this study, we collected rhizosphere soils and root samples from a post-mining area and a natural forest area in Jecheon, Korea. We extracted spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizospheres, and then examined the sequences of 18S rDNA genes of the AMF from the collected roots of plants. We compared the AMF communities in the post-mining area and the natural forest area by sequence analysis of the AMF spores from soils and of the AMF clones from roots. Consequently, we confirmed that the structure of AMF communities varied between the post-mining area and the natural forest area and showed significant relationship with heavy metal contents in soils. These results suggest that heavy metal contamination by mining activity significantly affects the AMF community structure.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have mutualistic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plant species. This symbiotic relationship is ancient and would have had important roles in establishment of plants on land. Despite their abundance and wide range of relationship with plant species, AMF have shown low species diversity. However, molecular studies have suggested that diversity of these fungi may be much higher, and genetic variation of AMF is very high within a species and even within a single spore. Despite low diversity and lack of host specificity, various functions have been associated with plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. In addition, different community composition of AMF affects plants differently, and plays a potential role in ecosystem variability and productivity. AMF have high functional diversity because different combinations of host plants and AMF have different effects on the various aspects of symbiosis. Consequently, recent studies have focused on the different functions of AMF according to their genetic resource and their roles in ecosystem functioning. This review summarizes taxonomic, genetic, and functional diversities of AMF and their roles in natural ecosystems.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

Roots of Glycine max and Miscanthus sinensis and soil samples were collected from various field sites at Goesan, Chungbuk in Korea. Microscopic observations of the roots indicated high colonization rates of both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and other fungi. The partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes were amplified with the genomic DNA extracted from their roots by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with universal primer NS1 and fungal specific primers AML Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) was analyzed using the combinations of three restriction enzymes, HinfI, AluI and AsuC21. Nucleotides sequence analysis revealed that ten sequences from Miscanthus sinensis and one sequence from Glycine max were close to those of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Also, 33% of total clones amplified with NS31-AM1 primers from M. sinensis and 97% from G. max were close to Fusarium oxysporum or other pathogenic fungi, and they were successfully distinguished from AME Results suggested that these techniques could help to distinguish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from root pathogenic fungi in the plant roots. Especially, DNA amplified by these primers showed distinct polymorphisms between AMF and plant pathogenic species of Fusarium when digested with AsuC21.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate into the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the greenhouse soils grown strawberry plants in Damyang and Jangheung districts. Twenty three soil samples were collected from strawberry plants under greenhouse conditions, and mycorrhizal spores in soils were separated using wet-sieving methods. Number of mycorrhizal spores per 30g fresh soil sized over 500${\mu}$m, 355~500${\mu}$m, 251~354${\mu}$m, 107~250${\mu}$m and $45{\sim}106{\mu}m$ were 0.3, 1.0, 4.2, 50.4 and 119, etc. Total number of spores per 30g fresh soil were l73.9. Root infection by vesicles and hyphae were 25% and 4%, respectively. Mycorrhizal root infection by arbuscules was not shown in strawberry roots. Isolated mycorrhizal spores were inoculated into the host plant of sudangrass to identify the genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and propagated for 4 months. As a result of identification, mass propagated mycorrhizal spores were Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., and Acaulospora sp., and so on.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2011

월동 녹비작물 재배가 시설 토양과 무경운 유기재배 고추의 균근균 포자밀도 및 감염에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 월동 녹비작물 재배 토양의 기주작물별 균근균 활성 포자수는 대조구 보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 기주 작물별 균근균 활성 포자의 밀도는 보리와 완두콩이 호밀, 헤어리베치, 쇠별꽃 보다 높은 경향이었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양에 고추를 무경운 정식하여 재배한 토양의 AMF 포자 밀도는 대조구와 녹비작물 종류 간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 그리고 녹비작물 재배 토양의 AMF 밀도보다 후 작물로 고추를 재배한 토양의 AMF밀도는 감소되었으나, AMF 밀도의 균일도는 증가되었다. 한편 보리 녹비작물을 예취하여 제거한 토양의 AMF포자 밀도는 제거하지 않은 토양에 비하여 현저한 증가를 보였다. 녹비작물 재배 토양 균근균의 기주작물별 포자 형태와 크기는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 녹비작물 재배 후작물로 고추를 재배한 토양에서 분리된 AMF포자 형태와 크기도 동일하였다. 녹비 작물별로 뿌리의 내생 균근균 감염율이 쇠별꽃, 호밀과 헤어리베치는 낮은 경향이었으나, 보리 녹비의 감염율은 유의성 있게 높았다. 고추 뿌리 내의 AMF 감염율은 녹비작물의 종류에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나, 보리 녹비를 예취하여 제거한 처리의 감염율은 보리 녹비작물을 전량 토양에 투입한 처리 보다 높았다. 녹비작물 뿌리와 고추 뿌리의 내생 균근균의 주요 감염구조는 뿌리의 내부균사(Internal hyphae)로 균사간의 Network가 매우 발달되었다. 그리고 녹비작물과 고추 뿌리에서 Arbuscule이 형성되었으며, 근권 토양의 AMF포자밀도와 고추 뿌리 감염율의 상관관계도 파악할 수 없었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known for their ability to improve plant growth and help plants withstand abiotic stress conditions. Unlike other fungi and bacteria, AMF cannot be stored, as they are obligate biotrophs. Long-term preservation of AMF spores is challenging and may lead to the loss of viability and efficiency. This study aimed to understand the effect of prolonged subculture of AMF species on the growth and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) from red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AMF spores were mass-produced using different techniques and subcultured in pots with sorghum sudangrass as the host plant for 3 years. Experimental soil samples were collected from natural grassland. Five different AMF inocula were used in triplicate as treatments. After 70 days of growth, red pepper plants were harvested and plant dry weight, plant nutrient content, mycorrhizal colonization, AMF spore count, and soil glomalin content were determined. AMF-treated plants displayed higher dry weight than controls, with only fruit dry weight being significantly different. Similarly, significant differences in phosphorous and potassium contents of the above-ground plant parts were observed between mycorrhizal and control treatments. In addition, soil GRSP content was significantly higher in plants inoculated with Rhizophagus sp. and Gigaspora margarita. The increased plant growth and GRSP content suggest that AMF can be maintained for 3 years without losing their efficiency if subcultured regularly with different symbiotic host plants.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2008

Red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) roots and soils representing different agricultural management practices such as conventional (CON), no-chemical (NOC), and organic farming systems (ORG) were collected from 32 farm field sites in Kyunggi, Korea to investigate the effects of these agricultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. ORG inoculum significantly increased plant growth compared to inoculum from CON and NOC. A community analysis of AM fungi (AMF) using morphological features of spores revealed that AMF spore abundance and species diversity were significantly higher in ORG than in CON. Additionally, a community analysis of AMF colonizing roots using a molecular technique revealed higher AMF diversity in ORG than in CON. These results suggest that agricultural practices significantly influence AM fungal community structure and mycorrhizal inoculum potential.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

우포 습지에 서식하는 식물의 근권 토양에서 수지상균근균(AMF) 포자를 추출하였다. 추출한 포자는 형태적 특성과 18S rDNA 염기서열의 분자적 분석을 이용해 동정하였다. 그 결과 6속 9종의 AMF 포자가 분리된 것을 확인하였으며, 종 다양성 지수를 계산하여 분석한 결과 습지에서 AMF 포자의 종 다양성은 식물에 의해 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 과정에서 국내 미기록종 1종을 확인하였으며, 확인된 종은 Diversispora epigaea이다. 미기록종 AMF 포자의 형태적 특성 및 분자적 분석의 결과에 대해 서술하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.408-416
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• 2010

To evaluate the effectiveness of AMF on the growth of horticultural crops, we compared mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, perilla (P. frutescens Britt.), that were inoculated with AMF propagules. In the early stages of growth of perilla, compared to the AMF- perilla seedlings, in AMF+ perilla seedlings at 3 weeks after sowing, leaf length and width increased 17% and 29%, leaf area increased 28%, and shoot fresh weight increased 33%, root total length increased 1%, and chlorophyll content increased 3%. Further at 10 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMF- perilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, leaf area increased 21% and 19%, shoot length increased 19% and 17%, root fresh weight increased 17% and 20%, and chlorophyll content increased 5.1% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, at 14 weeks after sowing, compared to the AMFperilla plants, in perilla plants inoculated with AMF at the sowing and transplanting stages, the number of leaves increased 16% and 20%, root fresh weight increased 16% and 17% significantly. Further, leaf fresh weight increased 9% and 11%, shoot diameter increased 4.5% and 7.3%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The levels of many macronutrients and micronutrients were tended to be significantly higher in AMF+ plants than in AMF- plants, supporting the association between AMF and enhanced growth of plants grown from AMF+ seedlings.