• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2004

Morphological characteristics of Kalopanox pictus Nakai were studied to examine population differentiation of this species. Based on a phenogram of using 23 morphological characteristics, differentiation of regions were distinct. Collections of 138 specimens from nine populations served as operational taxonomic unit (OTU's) were examined for phenotypic similarity and morphological variation using clustering (Ward's minimum variance method) and principal component analysis (PCA). The first three principal components were responsible for 77.0% of the total variance. Principal component 1 explained 52% of the total variance and was contributed to by the number of palmately parted, the number of pinnately lobed, and width between two lateral lobe apex.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. It is most often used as a general tonic, and it involves a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as antiaging, adaptogen-like effect to foreign deleterious infringement, immunoenhancement, antistress, antitumor, and antioxidant actions. Red ginseng showed anticarcinogenic activity against various chemical carcinogens in mouse and cancer-preventive effect of human being as on mice in experimental and epidemiological studies. In the present study, we have found the protective properties of red ginseng against vinyl carbamate (VC) which is the proximate carcinogen of ethyl carbamate and its ultimate carcinogenic epoxides. Red ginseng exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the mutagenci activities of boty VC in the presence of S9 mix and vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Formation of DNA adducts from VCO was also attenuated in the presence of red ginseng. Oral administration of red ginseng prior to the topical application of each of the above carcinogens and TPA treatment resulted in significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumors in mice. These results indicate that red ginseng possesses a strong chemopreventive effect against mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by VC or VCO.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.224-229
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• 2005

Ginseng radix, the root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer (Araliaceae), has traditionally been used for the treatment of various disorders including cerebrovascular accident (CVA). In the present study, the effect of Ginseng radix on c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils following transient global ischemia was investigated via immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Enhanced c-Fos-, TUNEL-, and caspase-3-positivities were detected in the hippocampal CA1 region in ischemic gerbils. Administration of the aqueous extract of Ginseng radix suppressed this ischemia-induced increment in the numbers of c-Fos-, TUNEL-, and caspase-3-positive cells. These results suggest that Ginseng radix has an inhibitive effect on the induction of c-Fos expression and apoptosis seen following transient global ischemia.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.289-292
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• 2006

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of lignans, eleutherosides B and E, in Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits and their fermented wine. The lignans were quantified by a reversed-phase system using a gradient of $H_2O$ and acetonitrile as a mobile phase within 20 min. The analysis was successfully carried out within 20 min. The contents of eleutherosides Band E as main active principles of Acanthopanax species were measured in A. sessiliflorus fruits (1.15 and $8.49\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), their fermented wine (0.45 and $1.33\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively) and wine residues (no detection).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.4 s.127
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

The stem barks of Kalopanax septemlobus were extracted with MeOH, and successively partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and water. Repeated column chromatographic separation of the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction resulted in the isolation of four compounds. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), oleanolic acid (2), 3,3'-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran) (3) and (-)-balanophonin (4). This is the first report on the isolation of 3,3'-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran) (3) and (-)-balanophonin (4) from Kalopanax spp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.706-709
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• 2003

Ginsenosides and polysaccharides were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae) by treating at low ($60^{\circ}C$, LT), mild ($100^{\circ}C$, MT), and high ($120^{\circ}C$, HT) temperatures, and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection, and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. The molecular weights of polysaccharides decreased as the processing temperature increased. Ginseng polysaccharides inhibited the HP infection into KATO III cells, but did not inhibit growth of HP and VacA vacuolation of HeLa cells. HT polysaccharides showed the most potent inhibition with $IC_50$ value of 6.8 mg/ml. Ginseng saponins did not inhibit the infection of HP into KATO cells. However, 20(s)-protopanaxadiol showed the most potent inhibition of HP growth and vacuolation of HeLa by VacA toxin with $IC_50$ values of 0.05 and 0.067 mg/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2007

Antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Red Ginseng (RG, steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, family Araliaceae), major component of which is ginsenoside Rg3, and Bifidodoterium-fermented RG (FRG), major component of which is ginsenoside Rh2, were investigated. Orally administered RG and FRG potently reduced the serum triglyceride levels in com-oil-induced hypertriglycemidemic mice as well as total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Of the saponin and polysaccharide fractions of RG and FRG, the polysaccharide fraction inhibited postprandial blood glucose elevation of maltose- or starch-loaded mice and reduced the blood triglyceride levels in com-oil-induced hypertriglycemidemic mice. The saponin fraction and its ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 reduced blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The inhibitory effect of FRG and its main constituents against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice were more potent than those of RG. These findings suggest that hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of RG can be enforced by Bifidus fermentation and FRG may improve hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2005

Antiallergic and antipsoriatic effects of korean Red Ginseng (KRG, steamed root of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Family Araliaceae) were measured. Orally administered KRG water extract potently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). KRG water extract also showed the potent inhibition in oxazolone-induced mouse dermatitis, and suppressed mouse ear swelling by $39\%$ at 16 days at a dose of $0.1\%$. KRG water extract reduced the levels of mRNA of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, $IL-1\beta$, $TNF-\alpha$ and $INF-\gamma$ increased in oxazolone-applied mouse ears, however, did not inhibit that of IL-4. KRG water extract also inhibited iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression level of RAW264.7 cell induced by lipopolysaccharide. Based on these findings, we suggest that KRG can improve atopic and contact dermatitis by the regulation of $ IL-1\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$ produced by macrophage cells and $interferon-\gamma$ produced by Th1 cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 1988

The plants medicinal resources of Mt. Baegun were investigated 21 times from March 1, 1986 to December 30, 1987. In order to analyze the vegetation of Mt.Baegun area, herb plants structure and distribution. Herb plants of Baegun Mt.consisted of 60 families, 250 species in all, The resourees of important herb drugswere Campanulaceae, Salicaceae, Moraceae, Polygonaceae. Amarantaceae, Plant-aglnaceae, Labiatae, Compositae, Asclepiaclaceae, Leguminosae, Gentianaceae, Liliaceae, lilicaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Caprifollaceae, Ranunculaceae, Lauraceae, LardicaDalaceae, Araliaceae, Solanaceaer Cornaceae, Fagaceae and Rosaeeae. Theherb durgs were eomparatively more than in other mountains in our country.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1988

The Plants medicinal resources of Mt. Mohu were investigated 12 times from July 1, 1987 to July 28, 1988. In order to analyze the vegetation of Mt. Mohu area,herb plants structure and distribution. Herb plants of Mohu Mt. consisted of 58families, 230 species in all. The resources of important herb drugs were plant-aginaceae, Labiatae, Amarantaceae, Campanulaceae, Asclepiaclaceae, Leguminosae,Gentianaceae, Liliaceae, lilicaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Compositae, Caprifoliaceae,Ranuncvlaceae, Lauraceae, Lardizabalaceae, Araliaceae, Solanaceae, Cornaceae,Fagaceae and Rosaceae. The herb drugs were comparatively more than in othermountains in our country.