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Kim, W.Y., Kim, J.M., Han, S.B., Lee, S.K., Kim, N.D., Park, M.K., Kim, C.K. and Park, J.H. : Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J. Nat. Prod. 63, 1702-1704 (2000)
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Wu, J.Y., Gardner, B.H., Murphy, C.l., Seals, J.R., Kensil, C.R., Recchia, J. and Beltz, G.A. : Newman, G.W. and Newman, M.J., Saponin adjuvant enhancement of antigen-specific immune responses to an experimental HIV-1 vaccine. J. Immunol., 148, 1519-1525 (1992)
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Chi, Y.S., Lim, H., Park, H. and Kim, H.P.: Effect of wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellariae Radix, on skin inflammation: in vivo regulation of inflammation-associated gene expression. Biochem. Pharmacol. 66, 1271-1278 (2003)
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Kown, S.W., Han, S.B., Park, I.H., Kim, J.M., Park, M.K., and Park, J.H.: Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. J. Chromatogr. A, 921, 335-339 (2001)
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Shibata, S., Fujita, M., Itokawa, H., Tanaka, O. and Ishii, T. : Panaxadiol, a sapongenin of ginseng roots (1). Chem. Pharm. Bull., 11, 759-764 (1963)
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Tanaka, N., Tanaka, O. and Shibata, S. : Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs. XXVIII. Saponins and sapogenins of ginseng; Stereochemistry of sapogenin of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Rc. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 20,1212-1216 (1972)
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Bae, E.A., Han, M,J., Choo, M.K., Park, S.Y. and Kim, D.H. : Metabolism of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 by human intestinal bacteria and its relation to in vitro biological activities. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 25, 58-63 (2002)
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Wakabayashi, C., Hasegawa, H., Murata, J. and Saiki, I.: In viva antimetastatic action of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins is based on their intestinal bacterial metabolites after oral administration. Oncol. Res., 9, 411-417 (1998)
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Ro, J.Y., Ahn, Y.S. and Kim, K.H., Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside on the mediator release in the guinea pig lung mast cells activated by specific antigen-antibody reactions. Int. J. Immunapharmacol. 20, 625-641 (1998)
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Park, E.K., Choo, M.K., Han, M.J. and Kim, D.H., Ginsenoside Rh1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 133, 113-120 (2004)
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Fujii, Y., Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, K., Sakuma, S., Ohkubo, Y. and Mutoh, S. : Effects of FK-506 (tacrolimus hydrate) on chronic oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 456, 115-121 (2002)
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Choo, M.K., Park, E.K., Han, M.J. and Kim, D.H., Antiallergic activity of ginseng and its ginsenosides. Planta Med. 69, 518-522 (2003)
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Park, E.K., Choo, M.K., Kim, E.J., Han, M.J. and Kim, D.H., Antiallergic activity of ginsenoside Rh2. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 1581-1584 (2003)
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Katayama, S., Shionoya, H. and Ohtake, S. : A new method for extraction of extravasated dye in the skin and the influence of fasting stress on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs and rats. Microbiol. Immunol. 22, 89-10 I (1978)
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Ishihara, T., Kohno, K., Ushio, S., Iwaki, K., Ikeda, M. and Kurimoto, M. : Tryptanthrin inhibits nitric oxide and prostaglandin synthesis by murine macrophages. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 407, 197-204 (2000)
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Bruch-Gerharz, D., Fehsel, K., Suschek, C., Michel, G., Ruzicka, T. and Kolba-Bachofen, V. : A proinflammatory activity of interleukin-8 in human skin: expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase in psoriatic lesions and cultured keratinocytes. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2007-2012 (1996)
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Hernandez, G.L., Volpert, O.V., Iniguez, M.A., Lorenzo, E., Martinez-Martinez, S., Grau, R., Fresno, M. and Redondo, J.M.: Selective inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis by cyclosporin A: roles of the nuclear factor of activated T cells and cyclooxygenase 2. J. Exp. Med. 193, 607-620 (2001)
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Tachikawa, E., Kudo, K., Harada, K., Kashimoto, T., Miyate, Y., Kakizaki, A. and Takahashi, E., Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 369,23-32 (1999)
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Abd-El-Aleem, S.A, Feguson, M.W., Appleton, I., Bhowmick, A., McCollum, C.N. and Ireland, G W. : Expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in normal human skin and chromic venous ulcers. J. Pathol. 195, 616-623 (2001)
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Stevens, R.L. and Austen, K.F. : Recent advances in the cellular and molecular biology of mast cells. Immunology Today 10, 381-386 (1989)
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Kim, N.D., Kang, S.Y., Kim, M.J. and Park, J.H.: SchiniKerth, V.B., The ginsenoside Rg3 evokes endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings: role of K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol. 367, 51-57 (1999)
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