• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.731-736
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• 2005

The governmental attitude toward private investment and financing for infrastructure projects has changed from the initial prohibition to the current encouragement in China, which has been embodied in the legal documents and administrative process. However, the problem of identification, bidding, and approval procedure for privately financed infrastructure projects has been observed in policies and administrative measures promulgated by different or even the same government branches, which is prohibitive factors for smooth project implementation. After analysis of the identification, bidding, and approval process of infrastructure projects, the authors proposed a simplified and alternative procedure and clarified the key points of relevant project documents.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

선박평형수 관리 협약에서 활성물질을 사용하는 선박평형수 처리장치는 IMO가 제정한 절차에 따라 IMO로부터 승인을 받아야하는 것으로 되어 있다. 협약에서 활성물질이란 유해 수중 생물과 병원균에 대하여 바이러스나 균류를 포함한 일반적인 또는 특정한 작용을 하는 물질 또는 생물을 말한다고 되어 있다. IMO 해양환경 보호위원회에서는 2008년 10월까지 13개의 선박평형수 처리장치에 기본승인을 부여하였고 4개의 처리장치에 최종승인을 부여하였다. 본 논문에서는 "활성물질을 사용하는 선박평형수 관리시스템의 승인을 위한 절차서(G9)"와 "GESAMP-BWWG의 정보 수집과 업무 수행을 위한 방법"에 근거하여 기본승인과 최종승인의 절차와 문서의 요소를 고찰하였고, IMO로부터 기본승인 또는 최종승인을 받은 처리장치의 승인 내용을 요약하였으며, 이로부터 몇 가지 문제점을 제기하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-132
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• 2019

The arbitration procedure, which is a private trial, does not have a separate enforcement agency. Therefore, unless a party consents to the arbitration award and voluntarily fulfills the award, its execution is accomplished through the implementation of the national court. In particular, the decision in the foreign arbitration procedure will be refused or rejected for the arbitration award in case the proceedings of the law and procedure on which the judgment is based are caused by inconsistency with the domestic law or procedural defect. However, all foreign arbitration awards generally do not have to go through the approval process, and it will come into force with the arbitration award. In the case of Germany in the revision of the German Civil Procedure Act of 1996, the main provisions of the New York Convention concerning the ratification and enforcement of arbitration proceedings are reflected. Germany provides for the arbitration procedures in the arbitration proceedings of Book 10 of the Civil Procedure Act. Particularly, with Article 1061 in Book 10 Section 8 below, the approval and enforcement of foreign arbitrators shall be governed. Article 1061 has been referred to as "The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Jurisdictions," Article 5 (1). The main reasons for approval and enforcement rejection are: (1) Reason for the acceptance or refusal of enforcement by request of the parties: Reason for failure of subjective arbitration ability, invalidation of arbitration agreement, collapse of attack or defense method, dispute not included in arbitration agreement, (2) Reasons for the approval and enforcement of arbitration considered by the competent authority of the arbitrator: violation of objective arbitration ability, violation of public order, but not based on the default of German statute.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2021

Vietnam is an important country with many trade transactions with the Republic of Korea. Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes that can arise with the increase in trade transactions. It is essential to study the legal system and precedents of Vietnam on the approval and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Such is the case because the law in Vietnam and the court's position on the approval and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards issued by the courts depend on the possibility of realizing the parties' rights concerning their disputes. Therefore, it is of great value both theoretically and practically to analyze the exact differences between approval and the denial of approval. Vietnam has enacted the Commercial Arbitration Act, which replaces the previous Commercial Arbitration Decree and creates an arbitration-friendly environment that meets international arbitration standards. Regarding the approval and execution of foreign arbitration awards, the Commercial Arbitration Act, the Civil Procedure Act, the Civil Execution Act, and the Vietnam Foreign Arbitration Awards Approval and Enforcement Ordinance are regulated. Following these laws and regulations, the reasons for the approval, enforcement, and rejection of the arbitral award are specified. In accordance with these laws and inappropriate arbitration agreements, an arbitral award beyond the scope of its right of disposition, an arbitral tribunal, or the concerned parties could not be involved in a proceeding or an arbitral award if the involved party does not have an opportunity to exercise its rights lawfully. If the state agency in the forum does not recognize the arbitral award, the dispute is not subject to arbitration under Vietnamese law, or the arbitral award does not conform to the basic principles of Vietnamese law, the parties are not bound, and the foreign arbitration award is rejected for approval and execution.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2006

정보통신기술(IT)의 급속한 발전은 공직사회 전반에 새로운 변화를 요구하고 있으며, 정부도 정보기술을 토대로 공공부문의 생산성과 효율성을 진작시키기 위해 부단히 노력하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 전자결재시스템의 운영에 관한 사항을 평가하고, 운영상 나타난 문제점을 바탕으로 효과적인 활용 방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 연구의 결과를 통해 효율적인 전자결재시스템의 활용을 위해 체계적인 교육, 결재업무절차의 개선, 시스템 안정, 시스템 처리속도 개선, 기관별 시스템 연계 등을 제시하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2020

Korea is the only country in the world where the regulation of vehicle homologation has been changed from "Type Approval" to "Self-Certification". But there are some regulations that have not been fully changed, so they became double-regulations. In this research, we find out double-regulations in Self-Certification systems focused on "Specification Notice Procedure", and suggest a proposal of amendment to avoid duplication. Through the research, we can reduce unnecessary requirements about homologation, management of vehicle and administrative procedure significantly.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2008

항공기는 설계에서부터 완성까지 감항당국으로부터 형식증명, 제작증명 및 감항증명으로 구분된 복잡한 인증과정을 거치며, 부속품은 기술표준품형식승인 및 부품제작자증명으로 인증을 받아야 비로소 항공용으로 사용할 수 있다. 최근 국산 항공기와 부품의 개발진척에 따라 내수용과 해외 수출 확장을 위해 미국과의 상호항공안전협정이 추진되고 있다. 이러한 추세를 반영하여 본 논문에서는 항공제품의 안전성 확보를 위한 기본적인 인증절차를 기술하고 미국과 우리나라의 인증체계를 비교분석하였으며, 이를 통하여 국제적인 인증체계 수립을 위한 관련 요구조건을 제시하였다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2003

In this paper, the design data of an aircraft generator have been reviewed to evaluate the compliance with the airworthiness standards, and the technical procedure to ensure safety and reliability of an alternate-current generator by the tests and computations have been developed.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2022

최근 사이버 위협이 고도화되고 해킹기술이 발달함에 따라 자동차, 선박 등 다양한 분야에서 사이버보안이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 여러 산업 분야에서 기자재 및 시스템에 대한 사이버보안을 요구하고 있으며, 이에 관련된 인증 및 제도가 구체화 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 산업 분야의 사이버보안 형식승인이 RMF와 같이 명시적으로 개발 단계별로 구분하지는 않으나, 시스템 개발 전주기에 사이버보안 요소가 반영되어야 한다는 공통요소가 있다는 전제하에 RMF와 비교하였다. 비교 대상으로 해상 사이버보안 형식승인을 선정하였으며, 이는 공식적인 사이버보안 형식승인의 예로 국내 유일의 국제 선박검사 기관인 한국선급의 형식승인을 예로 비교한 것이지 산업 분야의 사이버보안 형식승인을 대표한다는 의미는 아니다. 비교 결과 해상 사이버보안 형식승인 획득 절차는 RMF와 같이 개발 단계별로 구분하지 않지만, RMF와 같이 개발 전단계에 대해 사이버보안 요소 적용해야 하는 절차상의 공통점과 단계별 결과물에 대한 유사성을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 해상 사이버보안 형식승인 획득과정을 통해 개발된 시스템은 개발 전주기에 사이버보안 요소가 적용되었다고 판단할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2020

The "arbitration" system resolves disputes through judgments on rights relations or claims between disputed parties by judging by private trial, but it does not have organizational and material bases to execute the contents of these judgments. Therefore, unless the parties succeed in voluntarily surrendering to the results of the arbitration award, the implementation of the award will be accomplished by the enforcement of the assistance of the National Court. However, unlike the court's ruling, the arbitration tribunal does not generate enforcement power from the judgment itself, and it must be filed with the court for execution. In this regard, Germany provides for arbitration proceedings in the Civil Procedure Act Volume 10. In particular, Article 1060 governs the approval and enforcement of domestic arbitral awards. Accordingly, the procedure for declaring the feasibility of domestic arbitration proceedings and the execution of forced execution are commenced. Regarding the enforceable declaration of a domestic arbitral award, it differs from the simpler process requirements compared to the procedure in a foreign arbitral award, and usually has the same effect as a final judgment between the parties without a separate approval procedure. However, the arbitration award does not constitute an enforceable power that can be implemented, but is enforced through the national court's declaration procedure. However, if there is a ground for cancellation as provided for in Article 1059 (2) of the German Civil Procedure Act, the arbitral award is canceled and the application for enforcement is dismissed.