• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

국내에서도 에너지절약성과 보증계약 방식 위주의 역량강화를 위한 측정 검증(M&V)이 중요한 과제로 부각됨에 따라 선진국과 같은 M&V 방법의 선택과 적용이 필요하다. 국내 ESCO 산업의 역량강화를 촉진하기 위해 에너지절약성과에 대한 M&V를 위해서, 적합한 M&V 선택 및 적용방안의 제시가 요청되고 있다. 본고에서는 IPMVP, 미국 및 일본 사례를 참조하여 국내의 M&V 적용목표 및 적용방향을 설정하고, 적용절차 및 유의사항을 설명한 뒤 M&V 방안(A, B, C, D)의 선택 및 검증방안을 제시하였다. 향후 연구과제로 앞에 제시된 M&V 선택 및 적용방안을 기초로 한 M&V 계획서 및 결과서 작성을 위한 가이드라인 제시방안이 마련될 필요가 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

ESCO 업계는 2013년 ESCO 규정의 개정으로 에너지절약성과 보증계약에 대한 역량을 강화하여야 한다. 이러한 시점에서 에너지절약성과에 대한 측정 검증(M&V)이 중요한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 이에 따라, 선진국의 M&V 적용사례 파악이 필요하다. 에너지사용자와 ESCO 기업 간의 에너지절약성과 보증계약 체결에 의한 에너지절약설치로 발생되는 에너지절감량을 측정 평가하는 방안을 제공하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 2013년부터 성과보증계약 방식 위주의 ESCO 사업이 추진되기 시작하였다. 따라서 이러한 이유로 IPMVP에서 권고하고 미국이나 일본에서 적용하고 있는 M&V 사례 를 활용하여 우리나라의 ESCO 여건에 적합한 M&V 적용방안의 마련이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.998-1005
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• 2006

The effects of imipramine on A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and ATP-sensitive $K^{+}\;(K_{ATP)$ currents were studied in isolated murine proximal colonic myocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Depolarizing test pulses between-80 mV and +30 mV with 10 mV increments from the holding potential of-80 mV activated voltage-dependent outward $K^{+}$ currents that peaked within 50 ms followed by slow decreasing sustained currents. Early peak currents were inhibited by the application of 4-aminopyridine, whereas sustained currents were inhibited by the application of TEA. The peak amplitude of A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents was reduced by external application of imipramine. The half-inactivation potential and the half-recovery time of A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents were not changed by imipramine. With 0.1 mM ATP and 140 mM $K^{+}$ in the pipette and 90 mM $K^{+}$ in the bath solution and a holding potential of -80 mV, pinacidil activated inward currents; this effect was blocked by glibenclamide. Imipramine also inhibited $K_{ATP}$ currents. The inhibitory effects of imipramine in A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and $K_{ATP}$ currents were not changed by guanosine 5-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) ($GDP{\beta}S$) and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. These results suggest that imipramine inhibits A-type delayed rectifier $K^{+}$ currents and $K_{ATP}$ currents in a manner independent of G-protein and protein kinase C.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.921-935
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• 2018

In this study we determine the structure of m-adic residue codes over the non-chain ring $F_q[v]/(v^2-v)$ and present some promising examples of such codes that have optimal parameters with respect to Griesmer Bound. Further, we show that the generators of m-adic residue codes serve as a natural and suitable application for generating reversible DNA codes via a special automorphism and sets over $F_{4^{2k}}[v]/(v^2-v)$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

The prostate gland contains numerous neuroendocrine cells that are believed to influence the function of the prostate gland. Our recent study demonstrated the expression of both ${\alpha}1$- and ${\alpha}2$-ARs, signaling the release of stored $Ca^{2+}$ and the inhibition of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels, respectively, in rat prostate neuroendocrine cells (RPNECs). In this study, the effects of NA on the resting membrane potential (RMP) of RPNECs were investigated using a whole-cell patch clamp method. Fresh RPNECs were dissociated from the ventral lobe of rat prostate and identified from its characteristic shape; round or oval shape with dark cytoplasm. Under zero-current clamp conditions with KCl pipette solution, the resting membrane potential (RMP) of RPNECs was between -35 mV and -85 mV. In those RPNECs with relatively hyperpolarized RMP (＜-60 mV), the application of noradrenaline (NA, $1{\mu}M$) depolarized the membrane to around -40 mV. In contrast, the RPNECs with relatively depolarized RMP (＞-45 mV) showed a transient hyperpolarization and subsequent fluctuation at around -40 mV on application of NA. Under voltage clamp conditions (holding voltage, -40 mV) with CsCl pipette solution, NA evoked a slight inward current (＜-20 pA). NA induced a sharp increase of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_c$), measured by the fura-2 fluorescence, and the voltage clamp study showed the presence of charybdotoxin-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ currents. In summary, adrenergic stimulation induced either depolarization or hyperpolarization of RPNECs, depending on the initial level of RMP. The inward current evoked by NA and the $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ current might partly explain the depolarization and hyperpolarization, respectively.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2022

In this study, PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) film formation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy under application of 300 Hz pulse current was studied by the analyses of V-t curve, arc generation behavior, PEO film thickness and morphology of PEO films with treatment time in 0.05 M NaOH + 0.05 M Na₂SiO₃ + 0.1 M NaF solution. PEO films was observed to grow after 10 s of application of pulse current together with generation of micro-arcs. PEO film grew linearly with treatment time at a growth rate of about 5.58 ㎛/min at 200 mA/cm² of pulse current but increasing rate of film formation voltage became lowered largely with increasing treatment time after passing about 250 V, suggesting that resistivity of PEO films during micro-arc generation decreases with increasing film formation voltage at more than 250 V.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3696-3700
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• 2012

The colorimetric and fluorescent cyanide recognition properties of 2-[(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene]-propanedinitrile (1) in $CH_3CN-H_2O$ (2/1, v/v, HEPES 10 mM, pH = 7.0) solution were evaluated. The optical recognition process of probe 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to cyanide ion with the detection limit of $2.04{\times}10^{-6}$ M and barely interfered by other coexisting anions. The sensing mechanism of probe 1 is speculated to undergo a nucleophilic addition of cyanide to dicyanovinyl group present in compound 1. The colorimetric and fluorescent dual-modal response to cyanide makes probe 1 has a potential utility in cyanide detection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1061-1064
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• 2013

A known $Hg^{2+}$ selective rhodamine B derivatised probe 1 was reinvestigated as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe for $Cu^{2+}$ through changing the applied solvent media. Probe 1 exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity to $Cu^{2+}$ in $CH_3CN-H_2O$ (7:3, v/v, HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.0) solution with a detection limit of $9.74{\times}10^{-7}$ M. The $Cu^{2+}$ sensing event was proved to be irreversible through hydrolysis of 1 to release rhodamine B.

• 센서학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1995

본 논문은 시변전장을 측정할 수 있는 평판형 센서에 대하여 기술하였다. 광대역의 전장측정계를 구현하기 한 평판형 센서가 제안되었다. 측정계의 이론적인 원리와 설계방법에 대하여 제시하였으며, 교정실험 및 적용실험을 수행하였다. 교정실험을 통하여 전장측정계의 주파수대역과 감도는 $160\;[Hz]\;{\sim}\;25\;[MHz]$, 1.2 [mV/V/m] 이었다. 적용실험으로 고전압 실험실에서 임펄스전압과 진동성 과도전압에 의해 발생되는 전장을 제안된 측정장치로 측정하였으며, 측정결과는 우수하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

In this paper, MOS-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)-based electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits for mobile application in 3.3 V I/O and SCR-based ESD protection circuits with floating N+/P+ diffusion regions for inverter and light-emitting diode driver applications in 20 V power clamps were designed. The breakdown voltage is induced by a grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS) in the MOS-triggered SCR-based ESD protection circuit for 3.3 V I/O. This lowers the breakdown voltage of the SCR by providing a trigger current to the P-well of the SCR. However, the operation resistance is increased compared to SCR, because additional diffusion regions increase the overall resistance of the protection circuit. To overcome this problem, the number of ggNMOS fingers was increased. The ESD protection circuit for the power clamp application at 20 V had a breakdown voltage of 23 V; the product of a high holding voltage by the N+/P+ floating diffusion region. The trigger voltage was improved by the partial insertion of a P-body to narrow the gap between the trigger and holding voltages. The ESD protection circuits for low- and high-voltage applications were designed using $0.18{\mu}m$ Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology, with $100{\mu}m$ width. Electrical characteristics and robustness are analyzed by a transmission line pulse measurement and an ESD pulse generator (ESS-6008).