• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2015

Purpose : Skip the repetitive HRCT axial scan in order to reduce the exposure of patients during chest HRCT scan, Helical Scan Data into a reconstructed image, and exposure of the patient change and visually evaluate the usefulness of the HRCT images. Materials and method : Patients were enrolled in the survey are 50 people who underwent chest CT scans of patients who presented to the hospital from January 2015 to March 2015. 50 people surveyed 22 people men and 28 people women people showed an average distribution of 30 to 80 years age was 48 years. 50 patients to Somatom Sensation 64 ch (Siemens) model with 120 kVp tube voltage to a reference mAs tube current to mAs (Care dose, Siemens) as a whole, including the lungs and the chest CT scan was performed. Scan upon each patient CARE dose 4D (Automatic exposure control, Siemens Medical Solution Erlangen, Germany) was to maintain the proper radiation dose scan every cross-section through a device that automatically adjusts the tube current of. CT scan is the rotation time of the Tube slice collimation, slice width 0.6 mm, pitch factor was made under the terms of 1.4. CT scan obtained after the raw data (raw data) to the upper surface of the axial images and coronal images for each slice thickness 1 mm, 5 mm intervals in the high spatial frequency calculation method (hight spatial resolution algorithm, B60 sharp) was the use of the lung window center -500 HU, windows were reconstructed into images in the interval -1000 HU to see. Result : 1. Measure the total value of DLP 50 patients who proceed to chest CT group A (Helical Scan after scan performed with HRCT) and group B (Helical Scan after the HR image reconstruction to the original data) compared with the group divided, analysis As a result of the age, but show little difference for each age group it had a decreased average dose of about 9%. 2. A Radiation read the results of the two Radiologist and a doctor upper lobe and middle lobe of the lung takes effect the visual evaluation is not a big difference between the two images both, depending on the age of the patient, especially if the blood vessels of the lower lobe (A: 3.4, B: 4.6) and bronchi(A: 3.8, B4.7) image shake caused by breathing in anxiety (blurring lead) to the original data (raw data) showed that the reconstructed image is been more useful in diagnostic terms. Conclusion : Scan was confirmed a continuous, rapid motion video to get Helical scan is much lower lobe lung reduction in visual blurring, Helical scan data to not repeat the examination by obtaining HRCT images reorganization reduced the exposure of the patient.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

정보과도화(information overload)'와 '정보 불안(information anxiety)' 현상을 겪고 있는 21세기를 우리는 '정보의 시대(age of information)'라고 말한다. 사람들이 인지해야 할 정보는 더 많고 복잡해졌지만 개인의 정보처리능력은 제한되어있다. 따라서 정보디자이너는 효율적인 시각시스템을 개발하여 대중의 쉽고 빠른 커뮤니케이션을 도와야하는 시대적 문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 시대적 문제인식에서 시작하였다. 점차 정보와 각 언어의 중요성이 높아져 가는 시점에서 사회적인 시각커뮤니케이션을 활성화하기 위한 하나의 방법론을 수사학에서 찾아보았다. 오랜 역사를 가지고 커뮤니케이션을 연구해온 수사학은 오늘날 시각정보커뮤니케이션의 사회적 환원에 수많은 가능성을 제시한다. 이를 토대로 정보디자인에 적용될 수 있는 수사학적 표현원칙과 논리를 파악하여 정보디자인의 수사학적 프로세스와 표현 방법을 제안하구 디자인의 사회적 활동에 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 수사학적 방법론을 사례작품인 서울시 대중교통 정보디자인에 적용하여 새로운 맵과 안내서를 개발하였다. 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 서울시 대중교통 정보디자인의 현황을 분석하고, 서울시민을 대상으로 사용자평가를 실시하였다. 48개 TAZ를 기본으로 서울시 도시공간구조를 모듈화하고, 가능한 이동경로를 환산하여 예측될 수 있는 정보읽기 프로세스를 제안하였다. 제안된 디자인은 통합정보제공과 컬러코딩의 사용, 스타일의 적용 및 순차적인 정보읽기프로세스에 따라 진행되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2023

Objectives : To investigate the modern research achievements of agarwood and its association with the efficacy of herbal medicine based on the in vivo and in vitro activities of volatile compounds detected in agarwood. Methods : Databases such as PubMed and ScienceOn were searched for medicinal in vivo and in vitro activity studies on agarwood. They were categorized into "medicine and pharmacy" and "others not related to medicine and pharmacy," and the studies on medicine and pharmacy were organized according to active efficacy. The efficacy and virtue of agarwood as identified in the book (or herbal medicine/herbology) corresponded to modern medical terms and diseases in reference to the . Separately, the Gas Chromatography & Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis results of agarwood from a total of 5 production areas of Aquilaria crassna from Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Cambodia as identified in previous studies were consulted to search for research papers on the medicinal activity of the 13 compounds of the aromatic sesquiterpene family detected in agarwood, and they were categorized according to topic. Results : There were 123 studies on the medicinal activity of agarwood. Overall, 46 studies on single extracts of agarwood reported activities such as improving mental health, including anti-anxiety and stability, and antiallergic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and digestive system protective effects. In total, 59 papers on the activities of single compounds isolated from agarwood reported anti-inflammatory and mental health benefits. Separately, 13 compounds detected in agarwood, such as α-agarofuran and β-caryophyllene, were reported by 110 studies to have anticancer, stabilizing, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. There were also papers on the cultivation methods and resin formation conditions of agarwood trees unrelated to the efficacy of herbal medicine. Conclusion : Among the pharmacological papers, a total of 57 papers corresponded to the effects of agarwood in traditional herbal medicine, including 33 papers related to agarwood extracts and 24 papers analyzing 8 types of sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene and cedrol, from previous studies. Based on the research findings of each paper, it was possible to correlate the effects of agarwood in traditional herbal medicine with the achievements of modern pharmacological research. In addition, further research is anticipated in new areas related to traditional herbal medicine, including the improvement of mental health such as anti-depression, as well as activities related to anticancer, antioxidant, and hair growth.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2018

항로표지는 해상교통의 안전을 도모하고 선박운항 능률 향상을 위하여 설치된 해양교통안전시설 중 하나이다. 그러나 선박충돌 또는 기상악화 등의 원인으로 발생하는 항로표지의 사고로 인하여 제 기능을 상실 하였을 경우, 선박운항자를 비롯한 여러 이용자에게 이용불편 또는 항행위험을 증가시키고 있다. 특히 우리나라 최대 컨테이너항만인 부산항은 최근 12년(2006년~2017)동안 총400건의 항로표지 사고가 발생하였으며, 이로 인하여 평균 20.6일의 복구기간이 소요됨에 따라 항로표지 이용자들에게 해양안전 불안을 가중시키고 있다. 따라서 연구의 목적은 우리나라 항로표지 사고예방과 효율적인 관리방안을 적극적으로 추진하기 위한 이용자들의 정량적 지지도를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 부산항 해역이용자들을 대상으로 항로표지 및 항로표지 사고에 대한 인식조사를 실시하고, 효율적 항로표지 관리방안의 추진을 통한 항행위험 감소에 대한 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. 연구의 결과, 비시장재화인 환경재나 공공재의 대표적인 가치추정법인 조건부가치추정법을 이용하여 추정된 부산항 항로표지 서비스에 대하여 이용자들이 부여한 경제적 가치는 최소 약 160억원으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과는, 항로표지 관리자 및 정책입안자들에게 부산항을 비롯한 우리나라 항로표지 서비스에 대한 다양한 이용자의 요구사항을 확인하고, 이에 대응하는 보다 효율적인 관리방안의 수립과 추진에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1988

This study was planned and carried out to investigate the correlation between premenstrual syndrome and personality in order to provide informations basic to the prevention, alleviation, and care for the premenstrual syndrome. Data on premenstrual syndrome were gatherd from October 20 to 25, 1986 by questionnaire modified by the researcher based on Endicott's Premenstrual Assessment Form. Reliability of the instrument was tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$. Data on personality were gathered in March, 1986, by the high school autorities by standardized Personality Inventory Scale developed by Eung Yun Hwang were used. Subjects numbered 457, 95.2% of the first grade students of H. Girls High School located in Seoul. The correlation and difference between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome analysed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and difference between groups were analysed by the t-test. Personality traits influencing premenstrual syndromal categories were analysed by the multiple regression. The results are as follows : I. The five highist categories of premenstrual syndrome among 18 categories revealed to be Social withdrawal, General discomfort, Lability, Fatigue and Hostility / Anger in rank order. II. Personality traits and Premenstrual syndrome ; 1. Tendency of Psychoneuroses(r＝0.43, p＜.001), psychoses(r＝.39, p＜.001) and anti-social behaviors (r＝0.43, p＜.001) revealed to be significantly correlated to premenstrual syndrome. Hypothesis 1 is accepted. 2. Emotional stability(r＝ -0.38, p＜.001), reflectiveness (r＝ -0.14, p＜.01), masculinity (r＝ -0.10, p＜05) and antonomy (r＝ -0.12, p＜.05) revealed significant correlation, While activity, dominance, sociability and achivement revealed no significant correlation. Hypothesis 2 is partially accepted. III. Significant models of personality traits influencing the premenstrual syndromal categories are ; 1. 5 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability, dominance, activity and autonomy revealed to influence Low mood / loss of pleasure significantly. ($R^2$＝.19) 2. 3 personality traits ; tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability and sociability revealed to influence Lability significantly. ($R^2$＝.15) 3. 5 personality traits ; tendency of psychoneuroses, activity, emotional stability, sociability and achievement revealed to influence Anxiety significantly.($R^2$＝.18) 4. 3 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability and sociability revealed to influence Miscellaneous mood / behavior changes significantly.($R^2$＝.18) 5. 3 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, psychoses and reflectiveness revealed to influence Hysteroid features significantly.($R^2$＝.16) IV. No significant correlation between irregularity of menstruation and premenstrual syndrome was revealed. No significant difference between group of dysmenorrhea and group of non-dysmenorrhea in premenstrual syndrome was revealed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2001

Major purposes of this study were to investigate the administration patterns of analgesics and sedatives in SICU and to identify the factors influencing the use of prn analgesics and sedatives by ICU nurses. The sample of this descriptive study was 50 adult patients in SICU and 53 ICU nurses. Patient's medical records were reviewed to investigate names, doses, the routes of administration, the interval of administration, and the type of prescription of sedatives and analgesics administered. Study medications were narcotics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics. To identify the factors influencing the use of prn analgesics and sedatives, 53 ICU nurses checked 9 items, and rank them from first to fifth. The selection of items was based on the previous studies and the experience of the investigator. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The mean age of the subjects was 53 years, 24 patients out of 50 subjects had received mechanical ventilation therapy. Most of the patients received neurosurgeries and abdominal surgeries. 2. For 4 days, 13 total study medications and combination of these were administered to the patients. Commonly prescribed drugs were Ketoprofen and Midazolam. Twenty six to fourty two percent of the patients did not receive any drugs for at least one day during the four days. 3. On the average, the study drugs were administerd 1.4 to 2.6 times per day during 4 days. 4. More than 50 percent of the prescription was as-needed (prn) except those of the POD 3. Fourteen percent of the patients did not have any prescription for sedation and pain control after surgery. 5. Examination of the frequency of sedatives and analgesics bolus administration revealed that a greater number of doses were given during daytime (from 7 am. to 7 pm.) than nighttime (from 7 pm. to 7 am.). The difference was significant at Alpha, .05. 6. First factor that most influenced nurses to administer sedatives and analgesics for intubated patients was the evaluation of patient's vital signs (51%). For non- intubated patients, the factors that nurses considered important were the patients' complaints of pain (64%) and evaluations of patients' vital signs (23%). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that patients in SICU might not receive enough analgesics and sedatives to feel completely free from pain during the post operational period. Future study should be focused on the evaluation of the adequacy of current practice for pain and anxiety control in terms of the SICU patient's response.

• 서비스연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.158-175
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• 2022

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명과 기술 진보로 대량 실업과 고용불안에 대한 논의가 전개되고 있다. 특히 건설 자동화 서비스 방식은 빠른 발전과 기술간 융합에 따라 작업의 생산성을 높이고 현장 안전사고 방지, 건설 산업의 경쟁력을 높이는 데 기여할 수 있다. 하지만 노동자들의 자리는 감소할 것이며 소득분배도 악화시킬 것이라는 우려가 크다. 이에 본 연구는 노동 시장의 불안감을 완화시키고 정부 및 사회 각계각층이 고민하여 방향성을 모색할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 현재 건설 분야에 종사 중인 2명의 전문가와 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였으며 분석을 통해 의미 도출과 현 경향을 파악하고 필요한 개선방안과 제도적 영역에 관해 규명하고 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 분석결과 목적, 시사점, 전략적 총 3개의 주제로 분석하고 이를 토대로 산업현장의 대응, 노동자 대응, 교육훈련 대응, 정부와 기업의 대응으로 총 4개의 분야별로 대응 전략을 제언할 수가 있다. 산업 현장의 대응은 수평적이고 유연화된 조직 문화로 전환 되어야 하고 기존 노동자의 교육과 신규 인재양성이 필요하다. 노동자 대응은 융합능력과 깊은 전문성을 길러야 하며 교육훈련 대응은 직업교육과 훈련에 초점을 맞춘 재교육 시스템 도입을 갖추어야 한다. 마지막으로 정부와 기업의 대응은 건설 기술 서비스 창업 및 창직 활성화를 지원해야 한다. 본 연구를 통해서 건설 자동화 서비스의 기술혁신에 따른 사회 전반의 생산성 향상과 효율성이 노동 시장에서 실업률 상승과 일자리 감소 등과 같은 사회적 문제로 이어지지 않도록 향후 경제 및 사회학적으로 논의를 활성화할 필요성이 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.538-548
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• 1995

Exercises are achievement oriented, the process is frequently perceived as hard and difficult Participants drop out from exercise programs in the middle of the training period. Dance movement, which is the deliberate and systematic use of movement, is enjoyable during the movement and provides opportunities for persons to express them-selves. Regular long term dance movement may in-duce a training effect with a decreased drop out rate. Dance movement could be one way to attain wellness, however, there have been few studies to evaluate both physiological and psychological aspects of dance movement. This study focused on evaluating the effects of dance movement training on body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, limb circumference and strength, stress response and subjective feelings. This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre test -post test study. Ten healthy fe-male subjects, aged between 19 and 31 years volunteered for an eight week dance movement program. Ten healthy female subjects, between 19 and 21 years of age paticipated as controls. None of the subjects had performed regular physical activity for six months prior to the study. Dance movement was created with reference to Heber's movement guide. The Dance movement program consisted of approximately 30 minutes of dance, three days per week, for eight weeks. During each 30 minute work out, there were approximately 5 minutes of warm-up dancing, 20 minutes of conditioning dance and 5 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf, muscle strength of upper and lower limb, physical and psychological response to stress were measured prior to, and following the experimental treatment. Body weight was measured by digital weight scale(Kyung In Corp., Korea). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by sphygmomanometer, Resting heart rate was measured for one minute in a relaxed sitting position using the radial artery. Circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf was determined by tape measure. Muscle strength of the upper extremities was measured by a grip dynamometer (Takei Corp. No.1857, Japan) and that of the extremities was measured by the length of time the leg could be held at 45° Physical and psychological responses to stress were measured using the Symptoms of Stress (SOS)Scale. Paticipants in the dance movement were interviewed by the facilitator following the eight weeks, and their thematic responses about the dance movement were recorded. Following the eight week dance movement train-ing, body weight decreased significantly, circumference of mid thigh and mid calf increased. The length of time leg - raising could be held tended to increase following the dance movement training. Resting systolic and resting heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. Total mean score of stress response tended to de-crease, and mean score of habitual patterns, do-pression, anxiety / fear, anger and cognitive disorganization decreased remarkably following the eight week dance movement. Thematic responses about the dance movement were positive following the training.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.399-418
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of nurses working on psychiatric wards (psychiatric nurses) compared with that of nurses working on general wards (general nurses) in order to provide assessment data for intervention of the stress response. The Symptoms of Stress Inventory was used to measure the stress response. Data were collected by a direct survey method using a questionnaire and were collected from March first to March 30, 1995. A sample of 200 nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon province were selected and 200 nurses working on general wards from two general hospitals in Seoul were also selected for a total sample of 400 nurses. Nurses who had experienced more than one of the major life events in the last two years were excluded from the total number in the samples, so the final sample was 161 psychiatric nurses, and 169 general nurses. The Scores for the total stress response, scores of the SOS subscales, stress response by sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses working on the psychiatric wards were compared with those of nurses working on the general ward. The results of this investigation are as follows 1. The mean total SOS score for the psychiatric nurse was 0.81 (SD=0.48) and that of the general nurses was 0.90(SD=0.53). 2. The Mean score for peripheral manifestation, con tral-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle tension, habitual patterns, de-pression, anxiety, anger and cognitive disorganization for the general nurses showed a tendency to be higher than those of the psychiatric nurses. Mean score for cardiopulmonary symptoms for the general nurses was significantly higher than that of the psychiatric nurses. 3. The mean scores for the sixteen SOS items for the general nurses was significantly higher than for the psychiatric nurses. The 16 items were flushing of the face, sweating excessively even in cold weather, thumping of the heart, rapid breathing, dry mouth, a choking lump in the throat, hoarseness, muscle tension in hands or arm, muscle tension in leg, working tiring one out completely, severe aches a핀 Pain make it diffi-cult to do the work, severe nervous exhaustion, worrying about health, feeling weak and faint, so upset that one wants to hit something, unable to keep thoughts from running through one's mind. The mean score of only 505 item were significantly higher for the psychiatric nurses. 4. Stress responses between psychiatric nurses and general nurses were significantly different according to the following demographic characteristics : marriage, duration of work, position, accommodation, planning to move into another working site, working ward, education in psychiatric nursing.