• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2001

Objective : To analyze the antithrombin II deficiency in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Material and Method: The blood samples were tested by chromogenic assay to evaluate the activity of antithrombin III. Results: There was only one case of antithrombin III deficiency. This patient experienced one neonatal death after delivery and one FDIU (fetal death in utero). And also this patient showed a lupus anticoagulant and the prolongation of PTT. Conclusions: Women with recurrent miscarriage who have no obvious identified cause should consider hematologic screening. Antithrombin III deficiency could be a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. But the incidence is very rare in Korean patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-196
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• 1995

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of BangPoongSan on the cardiovascular system in the experimental Animals. And thus the change of blood pressure, auricular blood flow, artery contraction, death rate, platelet aggregation repression, plasma coagulation factor activity, plasma antithrombin activity, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were studied. The result were summarized as the followings: 1. BangPoongSan dropped the blood pressure in the spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in white rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug presented the antithrombin activity in rat. 8. The drug reduced the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in rat, but the latter was not valuable. According to the results, Bangpoongsan increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by dilatation of blood vessel smooth muscle. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation and reduced blood viscosity. Therefore these effects are assumed to improve the cardiovascular circulation disorder and prevent thrombosis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2000

A polysaccharide with antithrombin activity in Manda$^{(R)}& (PAM) was purified via procedures comprising three major steps, i.e. fractional precipitation with ethanol, anion exchange chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. PAM showed a symmetrical peak on size exclusion HPLC, as assessed by refractive index, and behaved as a single band on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The average molecular mass was estimated to be 222 kDa by gel filtration. PAM was found to be a sulfated heteropolysaccharide that contains sulfate group (20.5%, w/w) and uronic acid moiety (7.1 %, w/w) in addition to neutral sugar consisting of fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.35 : 0.28: 0.22 : 0.15. This polysaccharide appeared to inhibit blood coagulation via the intrinsic pathway in a dose-dependent pattern. The clotting of fibrinogen by thrombin was also significantly mitigated by the presence of PAM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 1995

Hemodynamic values were assessed in cows with naturally mastatis. hemodynamic tests included WBC, RBC, PCV, Hemoglobin, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet, antithrombin-III, and plasminogen activities. Significant changes were observed in the mean values of most analytses : WBC, monocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil were increased and Iymphocyte were decreased. prothrombin time was increased： activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time. increased : activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen activity and platelet concentration were decreased : and RBC, PCV, hemoglobin and antithrombin-III activity were unchanged, compared with normal mean values. Thesse data indicated activation of hemodynamic mechanisms, initiated either directly by bacteria produced endotoxin of secondaly inflammatory mediators produced in response to caused bacteria and naturally acquired mastitis was very similar to the experimental endotoxin-induced mastitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.917-923
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• 2002

Inhibitory mechanism of the anticoagulant polysaccharide purified from Codium fragile was investigated. The anticoagulant compounds (Cf-30-IV-4-ii, CF-30-IV) prolonged the clotting time at both activated partial thrombo-plastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT). The Inhibition factor assay of instrinsic coagulation pathway in the blood showed that the anticoagulant polysaccharide (CF-30-IV-4-ii) inhibited other factors such as Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅵ and Ⅷ of the coagulation cascade, which did not affect the lupus anticoagulant AB activity. In the thrombin inhibition pattern the CF-30-IV-4-ii did not directly influence the fibrine formation mediated by thrombin but af-fected the anticoagulant activity through the activation of antithrombin III. Base on these result, the anticoaglant polysaccharide (CF-30-IV-4-ii) was considered to inhibit serine pretense involved in the blood coagulation cascade through the enhancing antithrombin III activity. The residual effects of anticoagulant activity and antithrombosis were tested with ICR mice. The anticoagulant polysaccharide (CF-30-W) kept its anticoagulant activitv for 6 hrs with 100% survival at a dose of 150 mg/kg in the antithromboisis test. The anticoagulant effect of CF-30-RF in ex vivo was proportional to the concentration of intravenously injected dose up to 100 mg/kg.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2009

Yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) has been recognized as healthy food due to its various biological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-constipation, anti-proliferation, anti-mutagenic activity, and decrease of blood glucose and cholesterol level. In this study, the methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared from dried Dioscorea batatas Decne, and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activity were evaluated, respectively. The 66.7% of methanol extract was fractioned into water residue, and most of total-polyphenol/total-flavonoids were found in ethylacetate fraction. This ethylacetate fraction at $500\;{\mu}g/disc$ concentration showed strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, except Staphylococcus aureus. Antifungal activity was not observed in methanol extract and its fractions. But, strong antithrombin activity was found in methanol extract. At 4.8 mg/mL concentration, thrombin time was 99.5 sec, which is coincides with 30% activity of aspirin, a commercial available antithrombosis agent. The ethylacetate fraction showed strong DPPH scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ of $80.5\;{\mu}g/mL$), compared to vitamin C ($IC_{50}$ of $15.2\;{\mu}g/mL$). Also, the ethylacetate fraction showed strong SOD-like activity and reducing power, which are coincide with 43% of vitamin C and 82.7% of butylated hydroxytoluene activity, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1245-1250
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• 2009

Beimu (Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel), a bulbous plant of Liliaceae found in Korea, Japan and China, has been used as an antitussive and expectorant agent, and is also useful in alleviating stonsillitis and bronchiolitis. Most researches have been focused on micro-propagation and plant regeneration, component analysis, and dormancy relieving of beimu. Reports regarding the biological activity of beimu, such as anti-Helicobacter pyroli or platelet aggregation inhibition activity, are few and not widely available. In this study, methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared from Fritillaria thunbergii Miquel and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activities were evaluated, respectively. The methanol extract contained lots of water-soluble materials (58.98%) and hexane-soluble oils (14.85%). The ethylacetate and butanol fraction at $500{\mu}g$/disc concentration showed strong antibacterial activity against tested bacteria, except Escherichia coli. Antifungal activity was not observed in methanol extract and its fractions. The hexane, ethylacetate and butanol fractions showed strong antithrombin activity at 4.8 mg/ml concentration. Especially, the ethylacetate fraction showed 95.4 sec of thrombin time at a concentration of 1.2 mg/ml, which is comparable to aspirin, a widely used antithrombosis agent. For antioxidation activity, the ethylacetate and butanol fraction showed good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ of $344{\sim}368{\mu}g$/ml). In superoxide dismutase-like activity and reducing power, the fractions showed $20{\sim}25%$ of vitamin C, and $51{\sim}54%$ of butyl hydroxytoluene, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2009

The annual productions of yam and its aerial bulbils are estimated to 5,000 and 2,500 ton, respectively. But the majority of bulbils had been discarded without specific use. In this study, methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared from bulbils of Dioscorea batatas Decne, and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activities were evaluated, respectively. The methanol extract contained 58.98% of water-soluble materials as like yam's extract. But the bulbils's extract contained 12-folds of total polyphenol and 3.4-folds of total flavonoids compared than yam's extract, respectively. For antimicrobial activity the hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antibacterial activity at $500{\mu}g/disc$ concentration against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Antifungal activity was not observed in any fractions. Strong antithrombin activity was found in the hexane fractions. At 4.8 mg/mL concentration thrombin time (TT) was over 300 sec, which is 4-folds extended than the TT of yam. In a while, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong DPPH scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ of $38.1{\mu}g/mL$), SOD-like activity and reducing power, which are comparable to vitamin C or BHT. Our results suggest that the bulbils of yam as yam tuber have useful bio-activities, such as antibacterial, antithrombosis, and antioxidant activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2008

Saxifraga stolonifera (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant growing in Korea, China, Japan and Russia. The aerial part has been used as herbal medicine for treatment of pneumonia, frostbite, inflammation and microbial infection. In this study, fresh juice and methanol extract were prepared from the aerial part of S. stolonifera, and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activity were evaluated, respectively. The fresh juice showed weak antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida albicans with ignorable DPPH scavenging activity. But, the methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$ of $37.5{\mu}g/mL$) with minor, broad-range antimicrobial activity. Antithrombin activities were not observed in fresh juice and extract, up to 1.5 mg/mL. Sequential organic solvent fractionation of methanol extract showed that $IC_{50}s$ of ethylacetate and the butanol fraction were 6.9 and $7.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, that is comparable with vitamin C or butylated hydroxytoluene. Analysis of component in extract and fractionates suggested that the antioxidants in fractions are diverse and the active substances have glycosylated phenolic structure. Our results suggest that the aerial part of S. stolonifera could be used as the natural source of potential antioxidant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 2007

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