• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2001

Aerial parts of Corydalis ochotensis Turcz. (Papaveraceae) has been used as a folk medicine in China for its antipyretic, analgesic and diuretic properties, which is widely distributed in Korea. Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of C. ochotensis led to the isolation of three isoquinoline alkaloids, (+)adlumidine, govadine and (-)severtzine, together with quercetin, rutin and tridecanoic acid. These compounds were established by conventional methods of analysis and identified by $^{1}$H,$^{13}$ C-NMR, and MS data.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2001

Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) has pungent smell and taste. It has been regarded as detoxicant, antipyretic, antiinflammantory and diuretic agents. In order to evaluate antioxidative and antilipidperoxidative efficacies, its fractions ($H_2O$, 20% MeOH, 40% MeOH, 60% MeOH, 170% MeOH) were measured by DPPH method and TBARS assay on rat liver homogenate. It was revealed that 60% MeOH fractions had potential antioxidative activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly: In active fractions, we isolated rutin, hyperin, quercitrin and quercetin.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1967

A colorless needle crystal mass is isolated from rhizom of Cimicifuga heracleifolia Komarov which is used as antipyretic ana antiinflammatory drug. This substance is ientified as 3-hydroxy 4-methoxy cinnamic acid.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 1982

Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. et. Zucc. var. simpliciflora Nakai (Rosaceae) is distributed in Korea, and used as a folk medicine for antipyretic, antimalarial and emetic. Sterols were obtained from the methanolic extract of the root of above plant. The composition of sterols are campesterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ which has been determined by gaschromatographic analysis.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.208.3-209
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• 2003

Lonicerae Folium et Caulis, the folium and stem of Lonicera japonica Thunb., has been used as diuretic, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in Korea. We isolated a main iridoid, loganin which has some important biological effects from the folium and stem of this plant. Generally, it is known that iridoid compounds have variable contents by the collecting time and a part of plant. The content of main compound is important to evaluate its quality. In order to evaluate the quality of Lonicerae Folium et Caulis, the method of quantitative determination of loganin as a reference standard compound has been developed. (omitted)

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1997

This study was done for understanding the desirable direction of eastern and western nursing by comparing the nursing practice for the Pyrexia patient occuring most commonly. Body temperature usually maintains around $37^{\circ}C$ owing to the thermoregulatory center but pyrexia is caused by exogenous pyrogen like infection, cancer or disturbances in body's homeostatic heat balance. Pyrexia is defined that body temperature rise above $37.2^{\circ}C$. It has chill phase, course of the fever, termination accompanied various symptoms. Oriental medicine explains that pyrexia comes from Yang's(陽) abundance and Yin's(陰) lack. Pyrexia mainly happens when body constitution is in bad condition by Six Dirty's(六陰) affection to Wi Area (偉分). It also occurs because of unbalance between Qi (氣) and Yin(陰) caused by the lack in Seven Emotions, labor, food. The Sanghanron(傷寒論), explains that pyrexia is categorized exogenous fever like Poong Han(風寒), Poong Yul(風熱), Sup Yul(濕熱) and endogenous fever due to the Qi and blood deficiency. Explained above, even though pyrexia has different meaning in oriental medicine and western medicine, but this study have compared the oriental and western medicine assuming that pyrexia is rise of body temperature. From this point of view, oriental and western nursing shows the similarity in the field of 1) use of antipyretic to control the body temperature 2) rest and comfort 3) watering 4) nutrition and case study was executed in nursing practice. From the above study, western nursing has superiority in decreasing the patient's risen body temperature using antipyretic and ice bag. But in case of empty heat, oriental nursing which recommends the patient's body keep warm and prevent the use of ice bag as the first step and helps patient's sweating by drinking of hot water was comparatively effective. In conclusion, it is desirable that oriental nursing emphasizing the supportive nursing and western nursing should be harmonized according to the status of pyrexia patient and it is needed to study the nursing method appropriate in our culture.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2020

From the perspective of the definition of pain, pain can be divided into emotional and sensory components, which originate from potential and actual tissue damage, respectively. The pharmacologic treatment of the emotional pain component includes antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The anti-anxiety drugs have anti-anxious, sedative, and somnolent effects. The antipsychotics are effective in patients with positive symptoms of psychosis. On the other hand, the sensory pain component can be divided into nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are usually applied for somatic and visceral nociceptive pain, respectively; anticonvulsants and antidepressants are administered for the treatment of neuropathic pain with positive and negative symptoms, respectively. The NSAIDs, which inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects; however, they have a therapeutic ceiling. The adverse reactions (ADRs) of the NSAIDs include gastrointestinal problems, generalized edema, and increased bleeding tendency. The opioids, which bind to the opioid receptors, present an analgesic effect only, without anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, or ceiling effects. The ADRs of the opioids start from itching and nausea/vomiting to cardiovascular and respiratory depression, as well as constipation. The anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, related to sodium channel blockade, and gabapentin and pregabalin, related to calcium blockade. The antidepressants show their analgesic actions mainly through inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine. Most drugs, except NSAIDs, need an updose titration period. The principle of polypharmacy for analgesia in case of mixed components of pain is increasing therapeutic effects while reducing ADRs, based on the origin of the pain.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.852-856
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• 2012

한약재의 원료 및 전세계적 외래종으로 알려져 있는 녹조류 청각(Codium fragile)의 디클로로메탄, 에탄올, 열수 추출물을 대상으로 하여 생쥐에서의 항 염증, 해열, 및 진통 활성을 조사하였다. 청각의 디클로로메탄과 에탄올 추출물은 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate로 유도된 생쥐 귀의 부종과 충혈에 대한 염증 증상을 74% 이상의 높은 저해 작용을 보였으며, 이들 추출물은 acetyl salicylic acid와 유사하게 발열증상을 억제하였다. 청각으로부터 주된 항 염증 활성물질은 eicosapentaenoic acid인 것으로 분리되었다. 이러한 결과는 청각이 여러 염증 관련 증상에 대처할 약제로서도 사용되어 질 수 있다는 사실을 뒷받침해 준다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2001

Objective : There are many reports that acupuncture has thermoregulatory effects on human and animals. To investigate the effect and mechanism of antipyretic action of acupuncture, we observed the body temperature and cytokine expressions in the hypothalamus of rats. Methods : Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, i.p., 2.5mg/kg) was injected to conscious rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, n=4l) to cause hyperthermia and simple needling (stainless steel, 0.25 mm o.d., 5 mm insertion for 10 sec with no manipulation) was performed bilaterally with the measurement of rectal temperature. Next, we sacrificed rats to remove brain and determined the level of mRNA for interleukin-6 (IL-6), $interleukin-1{\beta}{\;}(IL-1{\beta})$, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in the hypothalamus by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Resul1s : Needling on forepaw (acupoint HT8) and needling on hindpaw (acupoint BL66 and acupoint LR2) significantly inhibited LPS-induced fever of rats (P<0.01, 10 min after treatment respectively), but same treatment on proximal tail (non-acupoint) did not cause any change on fever. The levels of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA in the hypothalamus was significantly enhanced by LPS-injection, while the level of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA was markedly reduced after treatment on BL66 (P<0.01). Treatment on forepaw reduced it slightly, but not significantly. Equivalent stimulation on proximal tail did not cause any changes. Conclusions : Our results indicate that acupuncture stimulation on various body parts has differential thermoregulatory effects on LPS-induced fever of rats with site-specificity. And, we suggest that its antipyretic action might be accompanied with the suppression of hypothalamic production of pro-inflammatory cytokine of immune system, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections specified in the clinical guideline for COVID-19 by conducting a meta-analysis of viral pneumonia data. Methods: TCM injections data on viral pneumonia were collected until July 31, 2021. CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane electronic database were used to collect the clinical data. "COVID-19," "Viral pneumonia," "Tanreqing," "Xiyanping," "Reduning," "Xingnaojing," "Xuebijing," "Shenmai," "Shengmai," and "Shenfu" were used as keywords. All data collected were mainly about TCM injections and viral pneumonia. Furthermore, studies that included results such as the total effective rate, cough disappearance time, antipyretic time, lung rhomboid disappearance time, and adverse drug reaction were collected for the meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of TCM injections. However, data unrelated to TCM injections specified in the clinical guidelines for COVID-19 or viral pneumonia were excluded. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 studies with 1540 patients were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate OR = 4.61 (95% CI 2.92, 7.25, p = 1.00/ I² = 0%); the cough disappearance time: SMD -1.23 (-1.37, -1.09, p < 0.00001/ I² = 94%); the antipyretic time: SMD -1.26 (-1.40, -1.11, p < 0.00001/ I²=94%); lung rhomboid disappearance time: SMD -1.17 (-1.33, -1.02, p < 0.00001/ I² = 89%); and adverse drug reaction was OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.20, 0.64, p = 0.21/ I² = 30%). From the results, the treatment group (TCM injection) showed better efficacy than the control group (Western medication). Conclusion: Xiyanping, Reduning, and Tanreqing injections may yield benefits as COVID-19 treatments. However, clinical trials on TCM injections for the treatment of COVID-19 are still lacking. More high-quality clinical trials are still required.