DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In vivo Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Activities of the Aquaculturable Green Seaweed Codium fragile Extracts in Mice

양식산 녹조류 청각(Codium fragile) 추출물의 항염증, 해열 및 진통에 대한 생체활성

  • Received : 2012.03.12
  • Accepted : 2012.05.23
  • Published : 2012.06.30

Abstract

Dichloromethane, ethanol, and boiling water extracts of the green seaweed Codium fragile, used as an herbal medicine and known as an invasive species over the world, were examined for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities in mice. The dichloromethane and ethanol extracts inhibited inflammatory symptoms of mouse ear edema and erythema by 74% or higher. The extracts also demonstrated inhibition of pyrexia, similar to that of acetyl salicylic acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid was isolated from the seaweed as the main active anti-inflammatory compound. These findings are consistent with various claims that the seaweed can be used as remedies for inflammation-related symptoms.

한약재의 원료 및 전세계적 외래종으로 알려져 있는 녹조류 청각(Codium fragile)의 디클로로메탄, 에탄올, 열수 추출물을 대상으로 하여 생쥐에서의 항 염증, 해열, 및 진통 활성을 조사하였다. 청각의 디클로로메탄과 에탄올 추출물은 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate로 유도된 생쥐 귀의 부종과 충혈에 대한 염증 증상을 74% 이상의 높은 저해 작용을 보였으며, 이들 추출물은 acetyl salicylic acid와 유사하게 발열증상을 억제하였다. 청각으로부터 주된 항 염증 활성물질은 eicosapentaenoic acid인 것으로 분리되었다. 이러한 결과는 청각이 여러 염증 관련 증상에 대처할 약제로서도 사용되어 질 수 있다는 사실을 뒷받침해 준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Curtis, C. L., Hughes, C. E., Flannery, C. R., Little, C. B., Harwood, J. L. and Caterson, B. 2000. n-3 Fatty acids specifically modulate catabolic factors involved in articular cartilage degradation. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 721-724. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.2.721
  2. Danno, K., Ikai, K. and Imamura, S. 1993. Anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentanoic acid on experimental skin inflammation models. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 285, 43-45.
  3. Donguibogam Committee. 1999. Translated Donguibogam. pp. 1911-1912, Bubinmunwha Press, Seoul.
  4. Fu, M., Koulman, A., van Rijssel, M., Lutzen, A., de Boer, M. K., Tyl, M. R. and Liebezeit, G. 2004. Chemical characterization of three haemolytic compounds from the microalgal species Fibrocapsa japonica (Raphidophyceae). Toxicon 43, 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.09.012
  5. Gray, W. D., Osterberg, A. C. and Scute, J. T. 1970. Measurement of the analgesic efficacy and potency of pentazocine by the D'Amour and Smith method. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 172, 154-162.
  6. Griswold, D. E., Martin, L. D., Badger, A. M., Breton, J. and Chabot-Fletcher, M. 1998. Evaluation of the cutaneous anti- inflammatory activity of azaspiranes. Inflamm. Res. 47, 56-61.
  7. Ishihara, K., Komatsu, W., Saito, H. and Shinohara, K. 2002. Comparison of the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic, stearidonic and eicosapentanoic acids on production of inflammatory mediators in mice. Lipids 37, 481-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-002-0921-3
  8. James, M. J., Gibson, R. A. and Cleland, L. G. 2000. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71, 343-348.
  9. Kang, C. H., Choi, Y. H., Park, S. Y. and Kim, G. Y. 2012. Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of Codium fragile in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J. Med. Food. 15, 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.1540
  10. Kang, J. W. 1968. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea: Marine Algae. pp. 85-90, Samhwa Press, Seoul.
  11. Khan, M. N. A., Cho, J. Y., Lee, M. C., Kang, J. Y., Park, N. G., Fujii, H. and Hong, Y. K. 2007. Isolation of two anti- inflammatory and one pro-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 6984-6988. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071791s
  12. Khan, M. N. A., Lee, M. C., Kang, J. Y., Park, N. G., Fujii, H. and Hong, Y. K. 2008. Effects of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida on erythematous inflammation assessed using digital photo analysis. Phytother. Res. 22, 634-639. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2349
  13. Kim, H. H., Shin, C. M., Park, C. H., Kim, K. H., Cho, K. H., Eun, H. C. and Chung, J. H. 2005. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. J. Lipid Res. 46, 1712-1720. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M500105-JLR200
  14. Korea Fisheries Association. 2010. Korean Fisheries Yearbook. pp. 362-364, Samshin Press, Seoul.
  15. Lee, M. C., Konishi, N. and Fujii, H. 2003. Blood flow analysis of skin tissue under the sacrum using laser speckle flowgraphy. Optic Rev. 10, 562-566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-003-0562-1
  16. Sethi, S. 2002. Inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial interactions by oxidation omega-3 fatty acids: a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil. Redox Rep. 7, 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1179/135100002125001144
  17. Smit, A. J. 2004. Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of seaweed natural products: a review. J. Appl. Phycol. 16, 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JAPH.0000047783.36600.ef
  18. Teotino, U. M., Friz, L. P., Gandini, A. and Bella, D. D. 1963. Thio derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzoazin-4-one synthesis and pharmacological properties. J. Med. Chem. 6, 248-250. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a007
  19. Tseng, C. K. and Chang, C. F. 1984. Chinese seaweeds in herbal medicine. Hydrobiologia 116/117, 152-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027655
  20. Watanabe, S., Metaxas, A. and Scheibling, R. E. 2009. Dispersal potential of the invasive green alga Codium fragile ssp. fragile. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 381, 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2009.09.012
  21. WHO. 1992. Research Guidelines for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicine. pp. 1-38, Regional Office for Western Pacific, Manila.

Cited by

  1. Enhancement of Seaweed Rhizoid and Blade Formations by the Chlorophyte Codium fragile Extract vol.26, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2016.26.4.484