• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.40.1-40.1
• /
• 2019

We report progress on identifying cosmic voids using cluster halos as the antipode. According to the standard scenario of structure formation, clusters are expected to form at peaks of the initial density field, whereas cosmic voids form at troughs. Then, a cluster would be a void if the sign of the initial density fluctuation of the universe were inverted. To study the relevance of anti-structures of clusters to cosmic voids, we use a pair of simulations whose initial density fields are sign inverted versions to each other. By examining the spatial distribution and environment of the particles in inverted simulation, which are the member particles of clusters in the other simulation, we discuss the characteristics of the antipode structures of clusters including their size, density, internal structure, and redshift evolution as well.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.323-333
• /
• 2010

The biproduct bialgebra has been generalized to generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ in [5]. Let (D, B) be an admissible pair and let D be a bialgebra. We show that if generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ is a Hopf algebra with antipode s, then D is a Hopf algebra and the identity $id_B$ has an inverse in the convolution algebra $Hom_k$(B, B). We show that if D is a Hopf algebra with antipode $s_D$ and $s_B$ in $Hom_k$(B, B) is an inverse of $id_B$ then $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ is a Hopf algebra with antipode s described by $s(b{\times}^L_H\;d)={\Sigma}(1_B{\times}^L_H\;s_D(b_{-1}{\cdot}d))(s_B(b_0){\times}^L_H\;1_D)$. We show that the mapping system $B{\leftrightarrows}^{{\Pi}_B}_{j_B}\;B{\times}^L_H\;D{\rightleftarrows}^{{\pi}_D}_{i_D}\;D$ (where $j_B$ and $i_D$ are the canonical inclusions, ${\Pi}_B$ and ${\pi}_D$ are the canonical coalgebra projections) characterizes $B{\times}^L_H\;D$. These generalize the corresponding results in [6].

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2015

We investigate the Hopf algebra conjugation, ${\chi}$, of the mod 2 Steenrod algebra, $\mathcal{A}_2$, in terms of the Hopf algebra conjugation, ${\chi}^{\prime}$, of the mod 2 Leibniz-Hopf algebra. We also investigate the fixed points of $\mathcal{A}_2$ under ${\chi}$ and their relationship to the invariants under ${\chi}^{\prime}$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1295-1301
• /
• 2004

The enantiomeric composition tests on flurbiprofen and ketoprofen present in patch products and in urine excretions following patch applications were performed as diastereomeric (R)-(+)- 1-phenylethylamides by achiral gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. The method for determination of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in the range from 0.1 to 5.0 ${\mu}$g was linear (r ${\ge}$ 0.9996) with acceptable precision (% RSD ${\le}$5.2) and accuracy (% RE = 0.6 ~ -2.4). The enantiomeric compositions of flurbiprofen in one patch product and of ketoprofen in five different products were identified to be racemic with relatively good precision (${\le}$ 6.4%). The urinary excretion level of (R)-flurbiprofen was two times higher than its antipode, while the comparable excretion levels of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers for ketoprofen were observed.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.91-103
• /
• 2013

Let (D,B) be an admissible pair. Then recall that $B\;{\times}^L_HD^{{\rightarrow}{\pi}_D}_{{\leftarrow}i_D}\;D$ are bialgebra maps satisfying ${\pi}_D{\circ}i_D=I$. We have solved a converse in case D is a Hopf algebra. Let D be a Hopf algebra with antipode $S_D$ and be a left H-comodule algebra and a left H-module coalgebra over a field $k$. Let A be a bialgebra over $k$. Suppose $A^{{\rightarrow}{\pi}}_{{\leftarrow}i}D$ are bialgebra maps satisfying ${\pi}{\circ}i=I_D$. Set ${\Pi}=I_D*(i{\circ}s_D{\circ}{\pi}),B=\Pi(A)$ and $j:B{\rightarrow}A$ be the inclusion. Suppose that ${\Pi}$ is an algebra map. We show that (D,B) is an admissible pair and $B^{\leftarrow{\Pi}}_{\rightarrow{j}}A^{\rightarrow{\pi}}_{\leftarrow{i}}D$ is an admissible mapping system and that the generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_HD$ is isomorphic to A as bialgebras.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.31-63
• /
• 2014

Recently interest in civic engagement and civic service is increasing. However, in Korea, few studies have focused on civic service. This might be on account of general awareness that civic service is fundamentally different from the basic spirit of voluntary work, while interest in paid volunteer work is on the rise. Thus, it is necessary to examine whether civic service is the real antipode of volunteer work. Under this kind of critical viewpoint, this study aims to analyze civic service based on the attributes of voluntary work and civic service. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, contrary to common belief, civic service has not been established to go beyond the principle of voluntary and unpaid characteristics of volunteer work. Rather, some voluntary work has broken out of principle of voluntary activities. Secondly, civic service and volunteer work might be characterized as different not due to spontaneity and unpaid service but the structural characteristics of the goal, continuity and formality. Furthermore, the reason for the soft landing of civic service in the United States is not because they have supported the reimbursement of expenses and the provision of stipends. Rather, it is because their long-term activities have promoted real community development for the purpose of finding solutions to social problems, and they have derived a sense of pride and satisfaction from social recognition and rewards for their contributions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1290-1294
• /
• 2004

The ${\beta}$-blockers possess at least one chiral center and the S(-)-enantiomer shows higher affinity for binding to the ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors than antipode. The stability constants of acebutolol, celiprolol, propranolol and terbutaline in the inclusion complexes with single-isomer heptakis (2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)- ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HDMS-${\beta}$-CD) were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The approximation and linear double reciprocal methods were adapted with comparable results. Among the ${\beta}$-blockers studied, propranolol had the lowest stability constant but the highest enantioselectivity, indicating that the magnitudes of the stability constants carried little information about enantioseparation. The magnitudes of enantioselectivities between the enantiomer pair were in the order of propranolol > celiprolol > terbutaline > acebutolol.

• East European & Balkan Studies
• /
• v.36
• /
• pp.247-268
• /
• 2013

The ever-increasing informal economy in post-socialist Eastern Europe forces one to wonder about what transition to post-socialism is for and about. Informal economy, which refers to unregistered work and services to was rampant in the socialist period across Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. It was considered as a pathological phenomenon of the socialist system and exposing the rigidity and inefficiency of the command economy amongst the socialist regimes. The ordinary people of the Eastern bloc had to resort to all sorts of informal channels to get hold of goods and services constantly in short supply, especially at the last decade of the really existing socialism. However, it is ironical to observe the same old informal economy, considered pathological, even more thriving in the new era of post-socialism in Eastern Europe. After all, the system has changed into the capitalism, the antipode to socialism. It should be mentioned that the function of informal economy is seen to be even more intensified, from a means to make living better in the socialist time to a means for survival and sustenance in the post-socialist period. It follows from the socialist experience that the deficiency of the ruling system could not be indefinitely borne out. Real remedies should be sought out before it will be too late.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 2005

Christian Metz, the precursor of cine-semiology, considered cinema as a language in the sense that it is a set of messages grounded in a given matter of expression, and a signifying practice characterized by specific codifications. According to Metz, film forms a structured network produced by the interweaving of cinematic codes, within which cinematic subcodes represent specific usages of the particular code. For Metz, cinematic language is a totality of cinematic codes and subcodes, and history of the cinema is the trace of the competition, incorporations and exclusions of the subcodes. He also suggested a filmic text is not just a list of codes in effect, but a process of constant displacement and deformation of codes. Following Metz' textual analysis methodology, I investigated the formal configuration of Hayao Miyazaki‘s animation, Spirited Away. It is interesting to trace the interweaving of cinematic codes in Spirited Away, i.e. codes of lighting, color, movement, and auteurism, across the animation. I focused on the first scene at the bridge to Yubaba's bathhouse, analyzing each cinematic code and its subcode applied. The first bridge scene is carefully constructed to stand out the confrontation of Chihiro (with Haku) and the bathhouse. The bathhouse is not just a building, it represents the powerful witch, Yubaba, yet to appear on the scene, and functions as an antipode to Chihiro. In each shot, every subcode within the codes of framing, direction, angle, color, lighting and movement is used to maximize the contrast between the dominant bathhouse and the feeble 10-year-old girl. In Spirited Away, the subcodes within each cinematic ode are constantly competing and displacing each other to augment the antithesis between the characters and develop the narrative. As Metz's argument that film constitutes a quasi-linguistic practice as a pluricodic medium, Spirited Away communicates with the spectators with the combination and displacement of these cinematic codes and subcodes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2000

${\alpha}_2$-Adrenoceptor antagonists, which can enhance synaptic norepinephrine levels by blocking feedback inhibition processes, are potentially useful in the treatment of disease states such. as depression, memory impairment, impotence and sexual dysfunction. (10bS)-1,2,3,5,6,10b-Hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline oxalate (YSL-3S) was evaluated in several in vitro biological tests to establish its pharmacological profile of activities as an ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor antagonist. Saturation binding assay revealed that$^{3}[H]$rauwolscine bound to the $\alpha$$_2$-adrenoceptors with a Kd value of 6.3$\pm$0.5 nM and a Bmax value of 25l$\pm$39 fmol/mg protein in rat cortical synaptic membranes. Competitive binding assay showed that YSL-3S inhibited the binding of$^3[H]$rauwolscine (1 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner with a Ki value of 98.2$\pm$12.1 nM while it did not inhibit the binding of [$^3$H]cytisine (1.25 nM) to neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The Ki values of yohimbine, clonidine and norepinephrine for $^3[H]$rauwolscine binding were 15.8$\pm$1.0, 40.1$\pm$5.9 and 40.0$\pm$11.5 nM, respectively. In addition, the binding affinity of YSL-3S for ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptors was higher than that of its antipode and the racemic mixture. The functional activity of YSL-3S at the presynaptic ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptors was assessed using the prostatic portion of the rat vas deferens. Clonidine inhibited field-stimulated contractions of the vas deference in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of YSL-3S or yohimbine caused a parallel, rightward the dose-response curve of clonidine in a dose-dependent manner, indicating an antagonistic action at the presynaptic ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptors. The $pA_2$values of yohimbine and YSL-3S were 7.66$\pm$0.13 and 6.64$\pm$0.18, respectively. The results indicate that YSL-3S acts as a competitive antagonist at presynaptic ${\alpha}_2$ -adrenoceptors with a potency approximately ten times lower than yohimbine, but is devoid of binding affinity for neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors.