• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2011

발효 꾸지뽕열매의 기능성 소재으로서의 개발 가능성을 알아보고자 70% ethanol 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성과 elastase 및 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 실험군은 꾸지뽕열매 분말 70% ethanol 추출물(ECT), $40^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 발효시킨 분말의 70% ethanol 추출물(FECT), B. lichenifornis 균주로 $40^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 발효시킨 분말의 70% ethanol 추출물(FECTL), B. subtilis 균주로 $40^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 발효시킨 분말의 70% ethanol 추출물(FECTS) 각각을 동결건조하여 실험에 사용하였다. 수율은 ECT, EFCT, EFCTL 및 EFCTS가 각각 54.22%, 54.43%, 57.71% 및 57.23%로 높은 수율을 나타내었으며, 균주 발효 시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. L*, a* 및 b* 값은 발효 처리구에서 감소하였다. Total polyphenol 함량은 ECT 8.13 mg/g (w/w), EFCT 9.53 mg/g (w/w)로 EFCT가 ECT에 비하여 17.22%가 증가하였고, 균주발효군인 EFCTL (11.03 mg/g, w/w) 및 EFCTS (11.90 mg/g, w/w)는 ECT에 비하여 각각 35.67% 및 46.37%가 증가하였다. Total flavonoid 함량 역시 ECT 1.54 mg/g (w/w), EFCT 1.73 mg/g (w/w)로 EFCT가 ECT에 비하여 12.34%가 증가하였으며, EFCTL (1.94 mg/g, w/w) 및 EFCTS (1.85 mg/g, w/w)는 ECT에 비하여 각각 25.97% 및 20.13%가 증가하였다. ABS 라디칼 소거능은 ECT (94.61%), EFCT (95.85%), EFCTL (94.36%), EFCTS (96.69%)로 유사하였다. SOD 유사활성은 ECT (22.00%), EFCT(23.30%), EFCTL (32.60%), EFCTS (27.10%)로 EFCTL에서 높았으며 아질산염소거능에서도 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. Ferrous ion chelating 효과에서는 EFCTL (67.34%) > EFCTS (60.36%) > ECT (52.34%) > EFCT (51.73%) 순이었다. 발효처리군 EFCT, EFCTL 및 EFCTS는 무처리군 ECT에 비하여 xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 각각 9.53%, 38.66% 및 49.78%가, elastase는 19.93%, 86.19% 및 77.60%가, tyrosinase는 23.94%, 89.14% 및 78.86%가 증가하였으며 균주발효군에서 그 활성이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과, 발효 꾸지뽕열매 70% 에탄올 추출물은 항산화활성이 우수하여 기능성 증진용 소재 활용에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2013

We investigated dietary effects of green tea powder (GTP) on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, hemolysis, plasma TBARS, and liver enzymes. Thirty one volunteer diving women living on Jeju island consumed 4 g green tea powder daily for a period of four weeks and data for the study subjects were analyzed on the basis of diagnostic criteria for blood pressure (BP)(${\geq}$ 140/90 mmHg), plasma total cholesterol (TC)(${\geq}$ 200 mg/dL), and triglyceride (TG)(${\geq}$ 150mg/dL). Subjects with high BP had significantly higher TC and TG than those with normal BP. Subjects with higher TC had higher TG, and those with higher TG had lower HDL cholesterol. Platelet aggregation in the initial slope was significantly higher in subjects with normal BP, normal TC, or normal TG than their counterparts in high BP, TC, and TG. HDL cholesterol after GTP intake increased only in subject groups with normal BP, normal TC, or normal TG, and plasma TG after GTP intake decreased only in groups with higher BP, higher TG, or higher TC. Plasma TC and TG in subjects with normal BP increased after GTP intake. GTP intake caused a decrease in the initial slope of platelet aggregation in all subject groups with little effect on maximum aggregation. Total bilirubin showed a significant increase and GOT increased in all subject groups after GTP intake. Beneficial effects of short term intake of green tea powder might differ depending on the subject conditions in terms of blood pressure, plasma lipids, and other cardiovascular conditions. However, with the hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant actions of its bioactive flavonoids, long term usage of GTP or brewed green tea may provide preventive effects against cardiovascular disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) is well-known as toxic gas and intrinsic signaling molecule such as neurotransmitter and blood vessel relaxant. Recently, it has been reported that low concentration of CO exerts therapeutic actions under various pathological conditions including liver failure, heart failure, gastric cancer, and cardiac arrest. However, little has been known about the effect of CO in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). To test whether CO could exert a beneficial action during oxidative cell death in PD, we examined the effects of CO on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. CORM-2 treatment decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, which had been increased by 6-OHDA. CORM-2 increased phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is a transcription factor regulating antioxidant proteins. Subsequently, CORM-2 also increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD), which were antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf2. These results suggest that CO released by CORM-2 treatment may have protective effects against oxidative cell death in PD through the potentiation of cellular adaptive survival responses via activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, leading to increasing antioxidant defense capacity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2013

Ischemia is characterized by oxidative stress and changes in the antioxidant defense system. Our recent in vitro study showed that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects cortical astrocytes against oxidative stress. In the current study, we examined the effects of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride on ischemia-induced neuronal damage in a gerbil ischemia/reperfusion models. Extensive neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg body weight) significantly prevented neuronal death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in response to transient forebrain ischemia. 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride administration reduced ischemia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde content. It also attenuated the associated reductions in glutathione level and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects against ischemia-induced neuronal damage by reducing oxidative stress through its antioxidant actions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

We investigated dietary effects of prickly pear cactus (Opuntina ficus-indica) on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation (PA), hemolysis, plasma TBARS and liver enzymes. Twenty eight volunteer diving women in Jeju island had daily 20 g cactus tea containing 27% prickly pear cactus (PPC) powder for 4 weeks, and data for the study subjects were analyzed, on the basis of diagnostic criteria for blood pressure (BP)(${\geq}$ 140/90 mmHg), plasma cholesterol (${\geq}$ 200 mg/dL) and triglyceride (${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). The subjects with higher BP had higher plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than those with normal BP. Those with higher TC also had higher TG. Subjects with normal BP or normal TC had higher initial slope of PA than their higher counterpart in BP and TC. PPC intake decreased plasma TG in those with higher BP. PPC intake significantly decreased the elevated initial slope in groups with normal BP, TC, and TG. Hemolysis after PPC intake decreased significantly in all the subjects and plasma TBARS decreased in the subjects with higher plasma TC and higher TG. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) significantly increased and total bilirubin significantly decreased in all the subjects after PPC intake. The present study with diving women showed that beneficial effects of short term intake of prickly pear cactus might differ depending on the subject conditions in term of blood pressure, and plasma lipids. However, long term usage of prickly pear cactus may provide preventive effects of cardiovascular diseases to all the population, presumably by hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant actions of its bioactive flavonoids and soluble fiber.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2008

Beneficial effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplement on age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes, have been reported. However, its mechanism of action in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo has not been investigated in detail. We have previously shown that during hepatocellular carcinogenesis, DHEA treatment decreases formation of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci in the liver and has antioxidant effects. Here we aimed to determine the mechanism of actions of DHEA, in comparison to vitamin E, in a chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with control diet without a carcinogen, diets with 1.5% vitamin E, 0.5% DHEA and both of the compounds with a carcinogen for 6 weeks. The doses were previously reported to have anti-cancer effects in animals without known toxicities. With DHEA treatment, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased by ${\sim}5$ fold and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased by ${\sim}25%$ compared to carcinogen treated group. Activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase in the cytotol was decreased siguificantly with DHEA treatment, confirming its antioxidative effect. However, liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase activities were not altered with DHEA treatment. Vitamin E treatment decreased cytosolic Se-glutathione peroxidase activities in accordance with our previous reports. However, vitamin E did not alter glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or malate dehydrogenase activities. Our results suggest that DHEA may have decreased tumor nodule formation and reduced lipid peroxidation as previously reported, possibly by increasing the production of NADPH, a reducing equivalent for NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. DHEA treatment tended to reduce glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which may have resulted in limited supply for de novo synthesis of DNA via inhibiting the hexose monophophaste pathway. Although both DHEA and vitamin E effectively reduced preneoplastic foci in this model, they seemed to fimction in different mechanisms. In conclusion, DHEA may be used to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting NADPH synthesis, cell proliferation and anti-oxidant enzyme activities during tumor growth.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the common diseases with 25% of prevalence globally, but there is no thera-peutic access available. Amomum villosum var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen (AX), which is a medicinal herb and traditionally used for treating digestive tract disorders in Asia countries. We aimed to examine pharmacological effects of ethyl acetate fraction of AX (AXEF) against ER stress-induced NASH mice model using C57/BL6J male mice by tunicamycin (TM, 2 mg/kg) injection focusing on the oxidative stress. Mice were orally administrated AXEF (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg) or distilled water daily for 5 days, and outcomes for fatty liver, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum or liver tissue levels. AXEF drastically attenuated hepatic ER stress-induced NASH which were evidenced by decreases of li-pid droplet accumulations, serum liver enzymes, hepatic inflammations, and cell death signals in the hepatic tissue or serum levels. Interestingly, AXEF showed potent antioxidant effects by quenching of reactive oxidative stress and its final product of lipid peroxide in the hepatic tissue, specifically increase of metallothionein (MT). To confirm underlying actions of AXEF, we ob-served that AXEF increase MT1gene promoter activities in the physiological levels. Collectively, AXEF showed antioxidant properties on TM-induced ER stress of NASH by enhancement of MTs.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Red rose petals are usually disposed but they are an abundant source of phenolics and traditionally used as food supplement and as herbal medicine. Of the Various phenolics, they are known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of red rose ethanolic extracts (GRP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of GRP (500㎍/mL) significantly reduced NO production by suppressing iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated cells. Anti-inflammatory effects by red rose petals were observed in the following. Red rose petals inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus via the suppression of IκB-α phosphorylation and also inhibited LPS-stimulated NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that red rose petals exert anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of red rose petals. Therefore, red rose petals could be regarded as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5501-5508
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• 2014

Luteolin, 3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, belongs to a group of naturally occurring compounds called flavonoids that are found widely in the plant kingdom. It possesses many beneficial properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative actions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Many signaling pathways are deregulated during the progression of colon cancer. In this review we aimed to analyze the protection offered by luteolin on colon cancer. During colon cancer genesis, luteolin known to reduce oxidative stress thereby protects the cell to undergo damage in vivo. Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling, deregulated during neoplastic development, is modified by luteolin. Hence, luteolin can be considered as a potential drug to treat CRC.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.195-195
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• 2003

The recruitment and infiltration of monocytes into the artery wall is a crucial early step in atherogenesis. KR-31378 has been shown to be a neuroprotective agent in rat brain via its potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions. Here, we report the effects of this compound on atherogenesis, and some possible mechanisms of action.(omitted)