• 셀메드
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.30.1-30.4
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• 2020

Background: Tiryaq-e-arba is a polyherbal Unani antidote/antivenom formulation used in the management of poisoning due to snake bite, scorpion bite as well as in cold poisons since time immemorial. Objectives: Tiryaq-e-arba was not evaluated scientifically before this study carried out, therefore it was studied for antivenom activity by testing on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits. Material &Methods: The anti-venom activity of the test drug was studied by observing its effect on plasma fibrinogen level in Russell's Viper envenomation in rabbits by the method of Netelson. Results: The plasma fibrinogen level was found to be 171±665.04 mg/100 ml of blood, 36.18±1.12 mg/100 ml of blood, 33.14±0.52 mg/100 ml of blood and 17.9±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours respectively in control animals while in the test animal it was found to be 157.13±3.44 mg/100 ml of blood, 41.13±2.69 mg/100 ml of blood, 62.09±1.65 mg/100 ml of blood and 54.39±0.73 mg/100 ml of blood respectively. The test showed that though the plasma fibrinogen level in the test lower at 0 hour but it was greater in the control animals at 1, 3 and 6 hours. The increase in plasma fibrinogen level in the test animals at 3 and 6 hours was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The finding of the present study was that Tiryaq-e-arba possesses antivenom activity which scientifically support the Unani claim that it is Dafe-Sumoom-al-Hevan (Antivenom or Antidote) and the use of this preparation in corresponding diseases.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1985

보온절충식(保溫折衷式) 못자리 잡초방제(雜草防除), 체계수립(體系樹立)을 위햐 제초제(除草劑) 약해발생(藥害發生) 요인(要因)을 구명(究明)하고, 제초제(除草劑) 해독제(解毒劑) CGA123'407의 효과(效果)를 포장시험(圃場試驗)과 실내시험(室內試驗)으로 나누어 1982년(年)과 1984년(年)에 걸쳐 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場)에서 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 못자리에서 제초제(除草劑)에 의(依)한 약해발생(藥害發生) 요인(要因)은 복토방법(覆土方法), 상판(床板)굳히기 정도(程度), 최아유무(催芽有無), 물 관리방법(管理方法), 상내(床內) 기온조건(氣溫條件) 등(等)으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 복토방법(覆土方法)에서는 상면(床面) 진압구(鎭壓區)가 모래 복토(覆土)나 무복토(無覆土)에 비(比)해 6% 정도(程度) 더 약해(藥害)가 심(甚)하였고, 최아방법별(催芽方法別)로는 최아종자(催芽種子)가 무최아종자(無催芽種子)보다, 그리고 못자리 상면(床面)을 적당(適當)히 굳혀 제초제(除草劑)를 뿌리 부위(部位)로만 흡수(吸水)시킨 것이 뿌리부위(部位)와 유아부(幼芽部) 다같이 흡수(吸收)시킨 것에 비(比)해 약해발생(藥害發生) 위험(危險)을 크게 경감(輕減)시켰다. 2. butachlor를 상면(床面)에 처리(處理)한 후(後) 1회(回)(24시간(時間)), 2회(回), 3회(回) 상면(床面)위까지 관수(灌水)하여 씻어내줌으로써 butachlor의 제초효과(除草效果)는 떨어지지 않으면서 약해(藥害)는 경감(輕減)되었는데 환수(換水)에 의(依)한 약해(藥害) 경감효과(輕減效果)는 환수회수(換水回數) 증가(增加)할수록 높았고, 복토방법별(覆土方法別)로는 진압구(鎭壓區)에서 가장 컸고, 다음으로 모래복토(覆土), 무복토(無覆土) 순(順)이었다. 3. 제초제(除草劑) 해독제(解毒劑)(antidote)인 CGA 123'407는 잡초방제(雜草防除) 효과면(效果面)에서 변화(變化)를 가져오지 않으면서 pretilachor에 대(對)해서는 거의 완전(完全)한 보호능력(保護能力)을 보여 주었으며 파종(播種) 1일전(日前) 처리(處理)가 파종(播種) 직후처리(直後處理)보다 벼 생육(生育)이 약간 더 좋은 경향(傾向)이였다. 한편 단일제초제처리(單一除草劑處理)로서는 pretilachlor가 가장 약해(藥害)가 심(甚)하였고 그 다음으로 thiobencarb, butachlor 순(順)이었으며, chlornitrofen은 거의 약해(藥害)가 발생(發生)되지 않았다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2005년도 창립30주년기념 추계 학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.19-31
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• 2005

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.322.2-322.2
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• 2002

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is a traditional medicine which has been used as antidote and antiphlogistic agent. Saururus chinensis is a perennial herb which cultivated as medicinal and decorative use. the aerial part of which have been used for the treatment of edema, jaundice and gonorrhoea in Korean folk medicine. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.395-398
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• 2006

Nerve agents (sarin, tabun, soman and VX) are class of military important substances able to cause many severe intoxications during few minutes. Currently, the threat of misuse of these agents is daily discussed. Unfortunately, there is no single antidote able to treat intoxication caused by all of these agents. Owing to this fact, new generation of antidotes, especially acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) reactivators, is still developed. In this study, we have tested four newly developed AChE reactivators: 1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)- 5-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-3-oxa-pentane dibromide (1), 1-(3-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-5-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-3-oxa-pentane dibromide (2), 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-oxa-pentane dichloride (3) and 1,5-bis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-oxa-pentane dibromide (4) for their potency to reactivate in vitro tabun and cyclosarin-inhibited AChE. Their reactivation efficacy was compared with currently the most promising oxime HI-6 (1-(2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-2-oxa-propane dichloride). According to obtained results, two AChE reactivators 1 and 4 were able to reactivate tabun-inhibited AChE. On the contrary, there was no better AChE reactivator than HI-6 able to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited AChE.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

The US Army used MARK-1 composed of atropine autoinjector and 2-PAM autoinjector as a medical countermeasure against nerve agent poisoning. Recently, it has been being replaced by the ATNAA(Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent AutoInjector) for improvement the convenience in use and rapid detoxification effect. ATNAA(FDA approval, NDA 21-175, 2002. 1. 17) is a multi-chambered autoinjector that sequentially delivers atropine and 2-PAM through a single needle to allow Warfighters to survive against lethal exposure to nerve agents. In this paper, our group investigated the case of FDA approval of ATNAA in a point of the various data required by FDA guideline, thereby making it easy to meet the KFDA guideline for the approval of the prototype our group has been developed. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for efficient research activities to minimize time and cost. Additionally, the purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the planning for the development of similar drug.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.136-137
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• 2002

Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a twining shrub that has been used as an antidote and to treat urinary disorders, fever and headache. It has been known as an anti-inflammatory agent in Korea from ancient times and is used widely for treating upper-respiratory tract infections, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. In the previous research, we isolated several flavonoid derivatives from the EtOAc soluble fraction. (omitted)

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.456-466
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• 2018

나다니엘 호손은 죄와 벌에 관한 윤리적인 문제들을 작품의 주제로 다루는 경우가 많다. 그가 제시한 이러한 주제들을 통해 독자는 인간 내면을 더 심층적으로 바라볼 수 있는 기회를 가진다. 그는 "라파치니의 딸"에서 남성들의 권력이 한 여성의 삶에 어떻게 영향을 끼치고 그녀를 파멸로 몰고 가게 되는지에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 우선 그녀의 아버지 라파치니 박사는 자신의 정원에 독성을 가진 식물을 재배하면서 자신의 딸인 베아트리체에게도 치명적인 독성을 부여하는 이기적인 과학실험을 자행한다. 이 실험이 베아트리체를 지키기 위한 것이라고 말하지만 결국 그녀의 파멸에 원인을 제공한다. 베아트리체와 사랑에 빠지게 된 지오바니는 그녀와 함께 독성으로부터 해독되고자 하는 마음으로 해독제를 건네주었지만 그녀가 직접적으로 죽음에 이르도록 하였다. 마지막으로 발리오니는 자신의 사회적 지위를 지키기 위해 지오바니를 이용하여 베아트리체가 해독제를 마시도록 조종한 인물이다. 따라서 세 남자의 이기심과 질투심 같은 악의 고리가 서로 엉켜서 베아트리체를 파멸로 이끌어 갔으므로 결국 그녀의 죽음은 그녀 자신이 품고 있는 독성 때문이 아닌 외부의 독성, 즉 남성의 이기적인 권력에 의해 파멸된 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Purpose: In many Korean hospitals, serum acetaminophen concentrations in cases of overdose cannot be measured initially because of inadequate laboratory facilities. Under these circumstances, physicians base the administration of the antidote, N-acetylcysteine, on ingestion amounts as determined by initial history taking. We therefore examined the correlated between ingested amounts and serum acetaminophen concentrations. Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for patients who presented to the ED with acetaminophen overdose between January 2002 and March 2006. Fifty-nine patients were recruited and sixteen patients were excluded. The forty-three remaining patients were placed into either the high-risk or low-risk group based on their ingested amount (140 mg/kg), and were separately categorized into the toxic or non-toxic group based on their serum acetaminophen concentrations, according to the Rurnack-Matthew nomogram. Results: Ten patients (83.3%) among twelve in the high-risk group were found to have non-toxic serum concentrations, and just one patient (3.2%) among thirty-one in the low-risk group fell into the toxic group based on their serum concentrations. The sensitivity and specificity of risk stratification of the ingested amount as a predictor of intoxication requiring antidote therapy were 66.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the therapeutic decision for acetaminophen overdose should not be based solely on ingested amount only, but requires assessment of acetaminophen concentration.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2017

In this study, multi-chambered single autoinjector(2in1) and KMARK-1 containing atropine and 2-PAM(pyridine-2-aldoxime methylchloride) were administered to the beagle's muscle, and blood samples were taken for a certain period of time to compare and evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two drugs. Male beagles were used and classified into two test groups(G1, G2), and crossover pharmacokinetic studies were performed in two test groups. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analysis after administration. The 90 % confidence interval(CI) for log transformed data indicated that the Cmax for both atropine(log 0.9683 ~ log 1.113) and 2-PAM(log 0.9453 ~ log 1.214) was within the limits of bioequivalence criteria, but the AUC for atropine(log 1.1786 ~ log 1.3238) failed to meet this criteria. This is expected as the amount of atropine dose is 25 % higher for the test as compared to the reference formulation. In summary, in view of the ATNAA(antidote for nerve agent of US) authorization, the Cmax equivalence was more important than AUC equivalence, so in this study, we also focused on verifying the equality of Cmax between the two autoinjectors.