• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-290
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the buyer's right to avoid the contract under SGA and CISG. Design/methodology/approach - This paper has conducted literature reviews to analyze the right to avoid the contract of the buyer based on the comparative study. Findings - Under s. 11(3) of SGA, the breach of a condition and an intermediate which deprives the buyer substantially of the whole benefit of the contract may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated. But under Art. 49 of CISG, the buyer has the right to terminate the contract where the seller's failure to performance amounts to a fundamental breach of contract. Regarding the breach of an intermediate and the breach under CISG, the buyer should take into account where the seller's breach is fundamental or not. Moreover, an anticipatory breach can give rise to a right to avoid the contract. The anticipatory breach of a condition justifies termination. The breach of an intermediate and the breach under CISG require an anticipatory fundamental breach of the contract. Under SGA, the buyer has to prove an anticipatory breach in fact but CISG does not require virtual certainty, which SGA has stricter criteria to assess an anticipatory breach. Research implications or Originality - Comparative study helps to understand the nature of provisions under SGA and CISG and suggests practical advice to choose applicable laws. SGA gives more certainty to classify a contractual term. In case of the breach of a condition including the anticipatory breach under SGA, the buyer does not have to ask how much serious the breach is. But CISG requires the fundamental breach of the contract, which means that the buyer has the more burden of proof compared with SGA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.209-214
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• 1992

This paper presents a one cycle R&D project regarding the large inertia platform servo control system. The steps followed the rather orthodox procedure. A serial double rate-loop was closed with a position loop, and acceleration velocity anticipatory compensations were designed in the forward path. Some appropriate compensation devices were utilized for the signal processing as well as for the better control quality. Simulations and experimental tests were repeated, and satisfactory performances were observed. However, frequency domain uncertainties inherent to the large structures still remain as an expertise supported subject.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the character of the creative design processes that appear at the creative design stage of the design thinking based on STEAM class and what factors affect the creative design process. Students who served as the subjects of this study were 4 elementary school students. We developed the design thinking based on STEAM program to look more specific the creative design process. The project was conducted with a total of 12 sheets of paper materials. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the problem solving process of the design thinking based on STEAM classes is not anticipatory and is cyclical and complex. So, teachers should provide sufficient time for students to create and simulate ideas and accept the solving problems through trial and error. Second, Having presented the STEAM class as a practical problem in the real world, there was less fear of students' failure and heightened motivation and enthusiasm. Providing with the real topic and open questions in classrooms can lead to students' voluntary participation in the classroom. Third, In the design thinking based on STEAM class, students develop concrete ideas through visualization courses. The group of students made the best solutions through communication.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), single task, dual tasks and physical performances. The trunk muscles of APA consist of bilateral erector spinae (ES) and bilateral internal oblique (IO) adnominal muscles, during rapid stepping with the affected or unaffected leg in a sitting posture. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In patients with chronic stroke, electrodes of surface electromyography (EMG) were attached on the bilateral erector spinae (ES), bilateral internal oblique adnominal (IO), and bilateral rectus femoris (RF) muscles. RF acts as the prime mover. The stroke patients performed hip flexion until $20^{\circ}$ as fast as possible at each leg in a sitting posture according to a visual cue. The visual cue unexpectedly appeared on monitor in front of the stroke patient. The single task was the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The dual tasks were the TUGconitive, which increased cognitive capacity, and the TUGmanual task, which had an external focus. Results: All EMG data showed earlier onset latency before the prime mover. In affected leg raising, the onset time of unaffected ES muscle of the stroke patients was correlated with the single and dual tasks (p<0.05). In unaffected leg raising, the onset time of the affected IO muscle was related to all the tasks (p<0.05). Gait speed showed a relationship with the unaffected ES muscle only. Conclusions: The trunk muscles of the bilateral ES and bilateral IO play an important role in APA. The single and dual tasks using TUG test were correlated with the APA s of ES and IO muscles. Dual task by the TUG test is a good measuring tool for reflecting the real life in patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2018

Objective: Elevated cholesterol levels contribute to changes of the arterial endothelial permeability. Hyperlipidemia promotes atherosclerosis and is associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of having a history of hyperlipidemia prior to a stroke incidence on postural balance, anticipatory dynamic postural control, gait endurance and gait performance in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-two adults who were diagnosed with stroke 6 months ago or more were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two different groups according to hyperlipidemia history before stroke. All participants were assessed with the Activities-specific into Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Berg Balance scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). An independent t-test was used to analyze the difference between the hyperlipidemia group and non-hyperlipidemia group. Results: After analysis, the BBS, TUG, and 6MWT scores were significantly different between the hyperlipidemia and non-hyperlipidemia group, but not the ABC and DGI scores. Conclusions: The results of this study show that having a history of hyperlipidemia before stroke affects static and dynamic postural balance performance, anticipatory dynamic postural balance, and gait endurance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Based on the results of this study, we also suggest treatment for hyperlipidemia should be implemented throughout the therapeutic interventions, such as pharmacological or exercise programs, in order to restore the physical function of stroke survivors.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.107-118
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• 2018

Cedric price is an architect and educator who have had an influence on architectural thinking through teaching and projects, rather than completed buildings. The purpose of this study was to analyze the architecture of Cedric Price in terms of time. Time was an important factor to understand his architecture along with his interest in technology, so most of his architectural thinking and methodology - anti-architecture, programmatic indeterminacy, a philosophy of enabling and so on, could be explained under the consideration of time. Depending on how he considered and used the concept of time, his projects could be categorized into two groups; The first group was related to the change over time, and this group again divided into three sub categories; change of user's preference, change of external environment, and change over building lifetime. The second group was related to planning of time, which could be divided again into two categories; programmatic planning and the usage planning during the period. This categorization could provide a frame to look into his architecture, through which his projects showed the limitation in modern architecture and the possibility for contemporary architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

We review the adaptation strategies of the 21st climate change in an application to sea level rise. For the development of appropriate adaptation strategies on the coast vulnerable to the sea level rise, we have to consider the issues such as where to adapt, how to adapt, and when to adapt. The coastal target needed adaptation can be found by the evaluation of adaptive capacity of the coastal zone which requires the understanding of impacts and adaptive potential of the natural and socioeconomic systems in the coastal zone. Planned adaptation options to sea level rise can be classified into three generic approaches as managed retreat, accommodation, and protection In practice, the implementation of the options requires the analysis of land use, degree of vulnerability, cost and benefit, etc, and may be combination of the options rather than one approach. In terms of the response timing, the adaptation can be grouped as anticipatory and reactive ones. Generally it is more effective to consider both anticipatory and reactive adaptations at the same time for the impacts of future sea level rise. Due to the scientific uncertainty of climate change issues including sea level rise, the adaptation processes have to be designed to deal with a series of processes such as information md awareness establishment, planning and design implementation, and monitoring and evaluation in continuity and long-term period.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify novice nurses' experience of turnover. Methods: Data were collected from June to August, 2014 through in-depth interview and E-mail. Twelve novice nurses with turnover experiences were selected through snowball sampling method. All interviews were recorded with MP3 recorder and transcribed for analyzing by Van Kaam method of phenomenology. Results: The results were divided into 4 categories, 20 themes, and 119 formulated meaning related to turnover experience. These four categories were 'Excessively heavy working environment', 'Relationship problem', 'Physical/emotional withdrawal', and 'Realizing the absence of goal in job'. Conclusion: The result of this study will offer anticipatory information to understand of novice nurses' difficulties and to prevent their turnover. And these findings can be used for nursing administrators to design a turnover prevention program more effectively for nurses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.399-401
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• 2015

디지털 포렌식은 그동안 보안의 차선이 되어왔다. 디지털 포렌식은 늘 보안 사건이 일어난 후에만 사용되는 것으로 인식되었다. 산업의 규모가 커지고 보안의 범위가 넓어지면서 보안은 자본주의 사회에서 필수가 되었다. 이에 따라 디지털 포렌식의 역할은 중요해졌고 관심도 늘어나게 되었다. 하지만 보안 사건이 일어난 후, 그 뒤를 따라가는 것은 힘들고 한계가 있다. 특히 정보는 한번 새어나가면 걷잡을 수 없고, 경제적 손실도 막대하다. 또한 디지털 포렌식을 통해 증거를 수집한다고 해도 디지털 정보는 특성상 조작하기가 쉽기 때문에 법원에서 증거로 인정받기 위해서는 매우 까다로운 절차를 거쳐야 한다. 아직까지 한국에서는 디지털 증거를 어디까지 인정해야 하는지에 대한 명확한 기준이 없기 때문에 까다로운 절차를 거쳤다고 해서 증거로 인정받는다는 보장이 없다. 따라서 보안에 대해서는 예방하는 것이 최선이고 필수이다. 이 논문에서는 그동안 차선으로 인식되었던 디지털 포렌식 도구를 이용하여 보안 사건보다 한 발짝 앞서 보안을 관리하는 방법에 대해 검토하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

This study suggests user-friendly design fiction method applying user-centered design process. Design fiction is a method that predicts futures from design perspective with critical discourses and physical representation. It has been regarded importantly in HCI and interaction design realms as aesthetical and experiential approaches, yet not firmly established. Especially, it has not been considered from user-centered perspective which considers users and related problems. Anticipatory design based on current problems which predicts futures and defines design-oriented scenario is becoming significant. Therefore, this study regards design fiction method in relation to prior design also should consider user-centered perspective, not just experimental approaches. In this regards, this study tries to apply user-centered process, specifically affordances which lead more intuitive and direct impact on users into conventional design fiction process. This study led junior students in visual communication major into design fiction process with specific topics and the Design with Intent Toolkit amongst practices of creating affordances so as to develop new design fiction process with its diverse outcomes. Throughout the process, this study aims to suggest alternative user-friendly design fiction method beyond its critical and experiential approaches.