• Title/Summary/Keyword: anticarcinogenic

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Chemopreventive Activity of Turmeric Essential Oil and Possible Mechanisms of Action

  • Liju, Vijayasteltar Belsamma;Jeena, Kottarapat;Kuttan, Ramadasan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.16
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    • pp.6575-6580
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of turmeric essential oil as well as to establish biochemical mechanisms of action. Antimutagenicity testing was accomplished using strains and known mutagens with and without microsomal activation. Anticarcinogenic activity was assessed by topical application of 7, 12 - dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and 1% croton oil as promoter for the induction of skin papillomas in mice. Inhibition of p450 enzymes by TEO was studied using various resorufins and aminopyrene as substrate. Turmeric essential oil (TEO) showed significant antimutagenic activity (p<0.001) against direct acting mutagens such as sodium azide ($NaN_3$), 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine (NPD) and N-methyl-N-nitro N'nitrosoguanine (MNNG). TEO was found to have significant antimutagenic effect (>90%) against mutagen needing metabolic activation such as 2-acetamidoflourene (2-AAF). The study also revealed that TEO significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the mutagenicity induced by tobacco extract to Salmonella TA 102 strain. DMBA and croton oil induced papilloma development in mice was found to be delayed and prevented significantly by TEO application. Moreover TEO significantly (P<0.001) inhibited isoforms of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP3A) enzymes in vitro, which are involved in the activation of carcinogens. Results indicated that TEO is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic and inhibition of enzymes (p450) involved in the activation of carcinogen is one of its mechanisms of action.

Antiproliferative and Anticarcinogenic Enzyme-Inducing Activities of Green Tea Seed Extract in Hepatoma Cells

  • Lim, Hyun-Ae;Jang, Chan-Ho;Kim, Jang-Hoon;Kim, Ju-Ryoung;Ha, Young-Ran;Song, Young-Sun;Kim, Young-Kyoon;Kim, Jong-Sang
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.914-919
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    • 2006
  • We investigated the catechin content in green tea leaf (GTL) and green tea seed (GTS), the antiproliferative and detoxifying phase II enzyme-inducing activities of the methanolic (80%, v/v) extracts from GTL and GTS. GTL and GTS contained $8,685{\pm}1,061$ and $108{\pm}32\;{\mu}g/g$ epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), $11,486{\pm}506$ and $116{\pm}72\;{\mu}g/g$ epigallocatechin (EGC), $3,535{\pm}308$ and $821{\pm}95\;{\mu}g/g$ epicatechin gallate (ECG), and $1,429{\pm}177$ and $37{\pm}44\;{\mu}g/g$ epicatechin (EC), respectively. The methanolic extract of GTS showed a greater increase in quinone reductase activity and antiproliferation potential against mouse hepatoma cells than GTL extract did. GTS treatment resulted in the accumulation at sub-G1 phase of mouse hepatoma hepa1c1c7 cells as assessed by flow cytometry. Enhancement of phase II enzyme activity by GTS extract was shown to be mediated, directly or indirectly, via interaction with the antioxidant response element (ARE) sequence in the genes encoding the phase enzymes. As the catechin content in GTS was significantly lower than that in GTL, components other than catechins appear to be responsible for the anticarcinogenic activity of the seed. In summary, these results suggest that the 80% methanolic extract of GTS deserves further study to evaluate its potential as an anticarcinogenic agent and to investigate its mechanism of action.

Antioxidant and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Traditional Doenjang during Maturation Periods (된장 숙성기간중의 항산화 및 암세포 생육 억제효과)

  • Kwon Sun-Hwa;Shon Mi-Yae
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.461-467
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    • 2004
  • Antioxidant effect of traditional doenjang(TD) was reduced by increasing of maturation period. Methanol fractionate of TD matured for 1 year showed strong antioxidant effect against linoleic acid, following the order of hexane and water layer. Antioxidant effect in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of TD were gradually increased according to increasing maturation period, whereas their values or two extracts were lower than those or fractionates from TD. Hydrogen-scavenging effect in hydrophobic extract, methanol and butanol fractionates of TD were much higher than those of the other samples. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractionates were markedly lower in the range of $10.57{\sim}22.84\%\;and\;7.82{\sim}22.58\%$, respectively. Anticarcinogenic effect of extracts and fractionates from TD were higher in water fractionates for A549 cell (human lung carcinoma) and methanol fractionates fur MCF-7 cell (human breast adenocarcinoma). Especially, inhibitory effect for growth of cancer cell was increased by the increasing maturation period of TD.

Anticarcinogenic Effect of Ginseng Extracts Depending on the Types and Ages Using Yun's Anticarcinogenicity Test(II) (벤조피렌으로 유도된 마우스 폐선종에 대한 인삼분말의 연근별 항발암효과(II))

  • Yun, Taik-Koo;Lee, Yun-Sil
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 1994
  • In this study, we investigeated the anticarcinogenicity of various types and ages of ginseng extracts as an extended study using Yun's anticarcinogenicity test. Fresh ginseng at 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years was dried and powdered. And white ginseng was processed in the same way that of fresh ginseng after removal fo the ginseng cortex and fine root. For red ginsneg, fresh ginseng was steamed and dried. Each ginseng powder was extracted and extracts was freeze dried. Newborn N:GP(S) mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg of benzo(a)pyrene(BP). Various types and ages of ginseng extracts at 2.5mg/ml were orally administered. All the mice were sacrificed at the 9th week. The following results were obtained. In the dried fresh ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 63.9% and its incidence was reduced to 48.3%, 52.5%, 51.8%, 47.5% and 44.1% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, respectively. The incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP on the white ginseng extract treated group was 41.3% and decreased to 31.0%, 46.0%, 44.0% and 26.5% after co-treatment with 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-white ginseng, respectively. In the red ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 47.5% and its incidence diminished to 40.7%, 35.0%, 30.1%, 30.0% and 26.3% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng, respectively. From the above results, we concluded that a statistically significant anticarcinogenic effect was observed in extracts of 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, 6 year-white ginseng, and 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng and it is suggested that the anticarcinogenicity of ginseng varies according to the types and ages Key words Ginseng extract, types and ages. anticarcinogenic, newborn mice, lung tumor.

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Antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic Effects of alginic Acid Extracted from Sporophyll of Sea Mustard

  • Cho, Eun-Ju;Rhee, Sook-Hee;Park, Kun-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 1998
  • Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of alginic acids extracted from sea mustard(SM) and sporophyII of sea mustard(SSM) were studied by Salmonella typhimurium assay system and cytotoxicity and transformation tests using C3H/10T1/2 cells, respectively. alginic acid-SM andalginic acid-SSM showed antimutagenic effects on aflatoxin B1(AFB1)and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. The antimutagenic effect showed concentration dependent manner. At the 2.5mg/plate concentration , alginic acid-SSM exhibited 92% antimutagenicity against AFB1 ,while alginic acid-SM revealed 54% antimutagenictity ,s howing effectiveness of the alginic acid-SSM for the antimutagenicity. Alginic acidSSm also significantly decreased the cytotoxicity induced by 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA) and MNNG in C3H/10T1/2 cells (p<0.05). The type II and type IIItransformation foci formation by MCA and MNNG were also decreased when the alginic acid-SSM was treated, indicating that the alginic acid -SSM reduces the carcinogenesis induced by these carcinogens. The MCA-treated culture produced 10.5foci of type II +III in C3H/10T1/2 cells, however, MCA + 0.2mg/ml alginic acid-SSM treated culture formed only 1.8 foci of the types II + III in C3H/10T1/2 cells, however , MCA+0.2mg/ml alginic acid -SSM treated culture formed only 1.8 foci of the types II+ III(p<0.05). While MNNG-treated culture formed 13.0 foci, MNNG + 0.2mg/ml alginic acid -SSM treated one produced 3.0 foci of type II+III(p<0.05). These results suggest that alginic acid-SSM can effectively prevent the mutagenicities and also decrease cytotoxicity and transformation induced by some carcinogens.

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Enhancement of Anticarcinogenic Potentials of Submerged-Liquid Culture of Agaricus blazei Murill on Mouse Ascites Cancer by Rice Hull (왕겨에 의한 신령버섯균사체 액체배양액의 생쥐 항복수암성 증가)

  • Kim, Young-S.;Jang, Wook-J.;Rakib, A.;Kwon, Jung-M.;Ahn, Chae-R.;Kim, So-Y.;Cho, Yong-U.;Ha, Young-K.;Kim, Jeong-O.;Ha, Yeong-L.
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.1402-1408
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    • 2010
  • The effects of rice hull (RH) powder on the anticarcinogenic activity of submerged-liquid cultures of Agaricus blazei Murill (AB) were assessed for mouse ascites cancers induced by mouse Sarcoma S-180 (S-180) cancer cells. Optimal growth of AB mycelia in the basal liquid culture medium, containing soybean meal, was achieved by culturing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days, when evaluated by $\beta$-glucan content, Brix, and mycelial weight, relative to other culture conditions. Hot-water extract (HWE) of the submergedliquid culture of AB mycelia grown at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days exhibited a stronger anticarcinogenic activity, relative to HWE from other culture conditions. No such effects were obtained from AB mycelial cultures by alternative temperature-controlling cultures. Both cytotoxicity for S-180 cells and anticarcinogenic potentials for mouse ascites cancer of the HWE from AB mycelia grown in the basal medium containing 1% RH powder for 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$ were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced, relative to HWE from the AB mycelia culture of the basal medium without RH powder. These results indicate that HWE of submerged-liquid culture of AB mycelia, incubated in media containing 1% RH powder at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days, enhanced anticarcinogenic activity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer, and suggest that RH powder is an excellent ingredient for the improvement of the anticarcinogenic potentials of the submerged-liquid culture of mushroom mycelia.

The Anticarcinogenic and Antioxidative Activity of Hemicentrotus pulacherrimus Fractions in Various Cancer Cells. (말똥성게 분획물에 의한 항 발암 및 항산화 효과)

  • Shin, Mi-Ok;Bae, Song-Ja
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.607-614
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Hemicentrotus pulacherrimus (HP). HP was extracted with methanol (HPM), which was then further fractionated into four sub-fractions by using the solvent partition method, affording methanol (HPMM), hexane (HPMH), butanol (HPMB) and aqueous (HPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the anticarcinogenic activities of these four fractions in four kinds of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, HT29, MCF-7 and B16-F10, by MTT assay. Among various fractions from HPM, the HPMH showed the strongest growth inhibition effect. We also determined the inductive effect on quinone reductase (QR) of HP fractions. HPMB fraction exhibited strong inductive effects in HepG2 cells at a level of 90 ${\mu}g/ml$, showing inductive indexes of 2.26 compared to the control value of 1.0. The antioxidant activities of fractions from HP were also investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of HP against reactive oxygen speicies (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and NO. Among the various solvent fractions, HPMH fractions displayed marked antioxidative activities.