• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2018

Gram 양성세균의 생육을 억제하는 세균을 청주시 무심천 토양에서 분리하였으며, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 분석 결과 Pseudomonas otitidis PS로 동정하였다. PS 균주는 0.5%의 glucose가 포함된 1% soybean meal 배지에서 2차 대사 산물로서 최대 약 0.1%의 수율로 항생물질을 생산하였다. 항생물질 성분은 ethyl acetate로 추출하였으며, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1261에 대한 minimum inhibitory concentration은 $2{\mu}g/ml$이었다. 이 성분은 siderophore 활성을 띠어서 chrome azurol S 평판배지에서 주황색 halo를 나타내었으며, 철이 제거되면 생육 억제 효과는 감소하였다. Ascorbic acid 같은 환원제를 첨가하거나 혐기적 환경에서는 항생물질 활성을 잃으므로 PS 항생물질은 활성산소를 방출하여 bactericidal activity를 갖는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.347-353
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• 1998

토양에서 분리한 Streptomyces lydicus YSK-681이 생산하는 메치실린내성 황색 포도상구균에 유효한 항생물질을 정제하여 물리화학적 특성을 주사하였다. 물질정제는chloroform으로 추출한 후 silica gel column chromatography, Si ODS, GPC HPLC순으로 진행하였다. FAB MS의 분자량 측정결과 m/z 1022.4와 1036.4(M+H)+의 두 개의 피크가 분석되었으며, NMR 분석에서는 -OH와 leucine으로 추정되는 관능기가 조사되었다. 정제된 항생물질의 MIC는 그람 양성군에 대해서 1~32 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 그람 음성군과 효모에서는 125 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상이었다. 임상에서 분리된 129개의 MRSA에 대한 MIC는 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$이었으며, 암세포인 P388, HeLa, S180에 대한 세포 독성은 없었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2011

육상양식장에서 항생제에 대한 내성을 가진 균을 분리하여 다양한 항생제에 대한 내성특성을 확인하고, 전자빔의 조사에 따른 내성균의 항생제 내성 특성변화와 살균효능에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 메기, 송어, 뱀장어, 미꾸라지양식장의 배출수에서 분리된 균주 중 Aeromonas sp., Citrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Marinobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp.가 다제내성균으로 확인되었다. 양식장 배출수에서 분리한 균주 중 한가지의 항생제 내성을 가지고 있는 균은 41.7%이며, 2가지 이상의 항생제 내성을 가지고 있는 균은 58.3%로 나타났다. Quantitative Structure Analysis Relationship (QSAR) model에 의한 평가는 실험값과 매우 유사하여 독성 평가의 간접적인 지표로 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 항생제 내성균에 대해 전자빔을 조사한 결과 1 kGy 이내의 선량에서 살균효율이 99.9%로 강한 살균력을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2020

Purpose: Gastrointestinal symptoms are often related to antibiotic treatment. Their incidence, risk and protective conditions in children are not well defined and represent the aims of this study. Methods: We prospectively enrolled inpatient children submitted to antibiotic treatment. Indication, type, dose and duration of treatment, probiotic supplementation and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded at recruitment, after two and four weeks. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) was defined as the presence of at least 3 loose/liquid stools within 14 days from antibiotic onset. Results: AAD occurred in 59/289 (20.4%) of patients, with increased risk in children younger than 3 years (relative risk [RR]=4.25), in lower respiratory (RR=2.11) and urinary infections (RR=3.67), intravenous administration (RR=1.81) and previous AAD episodes (RR=1.87). Abdominal pain occurred in 27/289 (9.3%), particularly in children >6 years (RR=4.15), with previous abdominal pain (RR=7.2) or constipation (RR=4.06). Constipation was recorded in 23/289 (8.0%), with increased risk in children having surgery (RR=2.56) or previous constipation (RR=7.38). Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.30) and abdominal pain (RR=0.36). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. reuteri significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.37 and 0.35) and abdominal pain (RR=0.37 and 0.24). Conclusion: AAD occurred in 20.4% of children, with increased risk at younger age, lower respiratory and urinary tract infections, intravenous treatment and previous AAD. LGG and L. reuteri reduced both AAD and associated abdominal pain.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1999

An antibiotic compound was isolated from the culture of an antagonist against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, Bacillus polymyxa strain KB-8, and tested for the control of Fusarium wilt of sesame in greenhouse conditions. Optimum conditions for culturing the antagonist to obtain the maximum antibiotic activity were determined using different culture media, initial medium acidity, and incubation periods for which yeast -malt extract agar with the initial acidity of pH 5 and over 13 days culture were best. Antibiotic substances extracted by methanol had 2 main fractions, KB-8A and KB-8B, in thin layer chromatography (OLC) with Rf values of 0.35 and 0.67 in a solvent system of chloroform : methanol = 7 : 3. The fraction KB-8A wa purified further by XAD-2, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and crystalization. Its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were $12.8\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for F. oxysporum and Alternaria mali, $6.4\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani, and $3.2\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for Phytophthora capsici. Soil drenching of antibiotic KB-8A in the concentrations of $13.0\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and $26.0\mu\textrm{g}$/ml effectively inhibited the Fusarium wilt of sesame in a greenhouse test, which appeared to be comparable to the fungicide benlate of $6.5\mu\textrm{g}$ a. i./ml.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2008

M. fortuitum은 호흡기 검체에서 동정되는 경우 대부분 집락화나 일시적인 감염으로 여겨지고 있고, 다른 NTM 폐질환처럼 장기간의 항생제 치료가 필요한 경우는 드물다. 저자들은 객담 항산균 도말과 배양검사에서 강양성을 보이면서, 임상증상과 방사선의 악화소견을 보여 장기간의 경구용 항생제 치료를 실시한 M. fortuitum 폐질환 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2006

Antibiotics are manufactured and used for specific physiological functions, hence they may exert adverse ecological consequences when they are in contact with nontarget organisms. In the last decade, many reports have been made on the occurrences of various antibiotic compounds in surface water, and their potential impact to the environment has become an increasing concern. This study was conducted to prioritize antibiotic substances with potential environment risk in Korea. Human use antibiotics with an EIC (Expected Introduction Concentration) value greater than $1{\mu}g/l$, US FDA's action limit criteria, were selected. In order to calculate a worst-case EIC for each substance, annual production volume (in kg) of each antibiotic substance was derived using the Korea Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (KPMA)'s monetary database. Sixteen substances were preliminarily selected. The EICs of the 16 antibiotic substances were refined with the excretion rate of the parent substances. Ten antibiotic substances were identified to have EIC-corrected greater than $1{\mu}g/l$, which include Amoxicillin ($15.8{\mu}g/l$), Cefaclor ($10.1{\mu}/l$), Roxithromycin ($4.2{\mu}g/l$), Cephradine ($4.5{\mu}g/l$), Cefatrizine ($2.6{\mu}g/l$), Cefadroxil ($3.3{\mu}g/l$), Aztreonam ($2.3{\mu}g/l$), Ceftazidime ($2.8{\mu}g/l$), Ribostamycin ($1.3{\mu}g/l$), and Ceftezole ($1.3{\mu}g/l$). Additional risk assessments for these antibiotic substances are suggested.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2000

The study was performed to investgate the excellent microbial anticaries substance which is more effective that the chlorhexidine in the dental caries treatment. A typi-cal strain which produced the most excellent antimicrobial subatance was selected. and identified novel alkalophillic Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827. For the maximal production of themicrobial antibiotic against Streptococcus mutans from B. alkalophilshaggy JY-827, the optimal culture condition was in the medium containing glucose 15g/ L, pepton 10g/L and $K_2$$HPO_4$ 2g/L the highest production of antibiotic against S.mutans was obtained at $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 11.0 for 5 days. The antibiotic from B. alkalophilshaggy JY-827 was purified by organic solvent extraction, silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatograpies, and then crystallized with methanol. The crystallin compoma-tion of this antibiotic was as a curcular shape. The melting point and rm[$\alpha$]$D^{20}$ were 152-154$^{\circ}C$ and +55。, respec-tively. Based on Instumental analyses such as FT-IR, $^{1}$H-NMR $^{13}$ C-NMR and GC-mass, the antibiotic was identified as aminoglycoside. It was obtained as amorphous white power, and soluble in water power, and soluble in water, methanol but insoluble in ether, chroloform. This antibiotic inhibited the growth of S.mutans to about 3 day at the concentration of $2.5$\times$10^{-7}$ /M. It was stable at the alkalli condition but unstable within the acid condition. It was also stable up to $70^{\circ}C$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.3.1-3.10
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• 2018

Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common causes of seafood-borne illnesses in Korea, either directly or indirectly, by consuming infected seafood. Many studies have demonstrated the antibiotic susceptibility profile of V. parahaemolyticus. This strain has developed multiple antibiotic resistance, which has raised serious public health and economic concerns. This article reviews the food-borne outbreaks, distributions, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Korea during 2003-2016. Main body: V. parahaemolyticus infections appeared to be seasonally dependent, because 69.7% of patient infections occurred in both August and September during 2003-2016. In addition, the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in marine environments varies seasonally but is particularly high in July, August, and September. V. parahaemolyticus isolated from aquaculture sources on the Korean coast varied in association with virulence genes, some did not possess either the tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) or trh (tdh-related hemolysin) genes, and a few were positive for only the trh gene or both genes. The high percentage of ampicillin resistance against V. parahaemolyticus in the aquatic environment suggests that ampicillin cannot be used to effectively treat infections caused by this organism. Short conclusion: This study shows that the observed high percentage of multiple antibiotic resistance to V. parahaemolyticus is due to conventionally used antibiotics. Therefore, monitoring the antimicrobial resistance patterns at a national level and other solutions are needed to control aquaculture infections, ensure seafood safety, and avoid threats to public health caused by massive misuse of antibiotics.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to research the antibiotic, antioxidant and whitening effects of Jwa Kum-Whan(JKW) and Soo Ryeon-Whan(SRW). Both Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan are composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus, but the ratios of the two species are different. JKW is composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus by ratio of 6:1 and SRW's ratio is 1:1. Methods : Antibiotic activities of JKW and SRW's water extracts were studied by paper disc diffusion method. Four kinds of bacteria were applied in paper disc, and each extract was dropped, individually. The diameter of inhibition zone was measured. DPPH assay was used for studying free radical scavenging activity. DPPH is quantitatively decolorized from purple color by antioxidant material. Change of color was measured by spectrophotometer. Whitening activity was analyzed by tyrosinase inhibition assay. Tyrosinase is major enzyme for control process of making eumelanin. Optical Density was measured by spectrophotometer. Results : Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus's inhibition zone were made large available by Both prescriptions. Inhibition zone's diameter of JKW was preferable to SRW's. Radical scavenging activity was better at SRW, but JKW's activity was available, too. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was found out available only for JKW, not for SRW. Conclusions : JKW had antibiotic effects for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus. And had antioxidant, whitening effects. SRW had antibiotic, antioxidant activities but not whitening effect.