• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2011

A total of 96 crossbred weanling barrows aged 21 days were randomly allocated to 32 pens of a new nursery to investigate the effects of antibiotics, phytogenics, and probiotics on intestinal growth and development. The animals were fed a set of three-phase basal diets containing 0.3% zinc oxide (CON) or the basal diets supplemented with 353 ppm of a combination of tiamulin, neomycin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (ANTI), 75 ppm triterpenoid saponin plus 150 ppm mixed saccharides (HERB; Sacchapin$^{(R)}$), or $1{\times}10^7$ brewer's yeasts plus $8{\times}10^7$ spores of each of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis per kilogram feed (PROBIO; Yeasture Plus 2B$^{(R)}$) for five weeks. Thirty-two pigs representing as many pens were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial, after which morphological measures and digestive enzyme activities of intestinal mucosa were determined. Weight gain and gain:feed of the pigs were not affected by the dietary treatments (TRT) during the overall feeding trial. Total intestinal length was greater in PROBIO than in ANTI (P<0.05). Wet mucosa weight of the duodenum was not affected by TRT. However, jejunal mucosa weight was greater in PROBIO than in any other group sum of mucosa weights of the duodenum and jejunum was greater (P<0.05) in PROBIO than in ANTI and HERB. The height and width of duodenal villus were not affected by TRT, but crypt depth decreased (P<0.05) in response to HERB and PROBIO vs CON. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the duodenum and jejunum were not changed by TRT. In conclusion, results suggest that the present dietary treatments have no effects on growth performance of weanling pigs and that of PROBIO enhances intestinal growth and development under a clean experimental setting.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2002

As extraction solvent, ethanol fraction was revealed the highest anti-microbial activities. The butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were also revealed anti-microbial activities with less extent compared to ethanol fraction. All fractions exhibited to inhibition of bacterial growth regardless gram positive and negative, yeast and fungi, however, was not exhibited effectively to their growth. In the inhibition activities against E. coli, the complete inhibition concentration of Yecheon propolis were at 0.40mg/ml, respectively. Complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol was revealed at 0.25mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against P. aeruginosa, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis wat at 0.20mg/ml. Yecheon propolis was reveraled the inhibition at 0.20mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against S. typhimurium, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis was at 0.20 and 0.25mg/ml and Yecheon was 0.40mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extraction fraction of Yecheon propolis to P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium were > 0.2, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.4∼>0.5mg/ml, and of Youngwol propolis to P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. subtlis and C. utilis were 0.15, 0.25, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4mg/ml, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2014

In order to develop a new anti-diabetic ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor, we compared the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the cell-free extracts of 48 strains of yeasts isolated from Korean fermented foods, and found that Pichia burtonii Y257-7 exhibited the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 55.6%. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was maximally produced when Pichia burtonii Y257-7 was cultured in LB broth (initial pH of 6.0) at $28^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor, partially purified by Sephadex G-50 gel permeation chromatography and systematic solvents extraction, revealed potent hypoglycemic effects in normal rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after the oral administration of starch.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.297-310
• /
• 2024

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory and laxative effects of Polycan in TNF-α-treated HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells and loperamide-induced constipation in vivo models, respectively. Methods : To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan, HT-29 cells were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of Polycan. IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and phosphorylation of IκB were assessed by Western blot analysis. To investigate the laxative effects of Polycan, 6-week-old SD rats (8 female rats per group) were orally administered Polycan or Chicory Fiber as a positive control for 4 weeks, and constipation was induced with loperamide treatment for 10 days before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, a charcoal meal was administered to evaluate intestinal transit times. The periodically collected feces were used to assess the number of fecal pellets and fecal water content. Results : Polycan inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Polycan suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK), degradation of Iκ-Bα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In an in vivo constipation model, the number of fecal pellets per food intake was significantly increased in rats administered with Polycan, both 1 day and 7 days after loperamide treatment. The water content of fecal pellets was restored in the Polycan groups starting 7 days after loperamide treatment. In addition, Polycan intake significantly enhanced the gastrointestinal transit ratio of a charcoal meal but reduced the number of intestinal fecal pellets. Conclusions : These results suggest that Polycan suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation by blocking both the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in HT-29 cells. Additionally, in a loperamide-induced constipation model, Polycan showed clear laxative effects by increasing the number of fecal pellets, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio of a charcoal meal.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.691-700
• /
• 2024

Frutobacillus spp. strains (Fs) were isolated from honeybee larvae to evaluate their functionality and potential use as probiotics. Anti-microbial activity was generally observed in F strains against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and yeast strains, with F2 and F3 being superior, particularly F2. Kerosene emulsification was similarly observed in strains other, except for F4. Emulsification analysis based on carbon sources showed that F2 had high emulsification in the presence of fructose but lower than the standard strain and 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the F2 was identified as Fructobacillus fructosus. The growth curve of F2 showed maximum growth at 18 hr, followed by a slight increase. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity and pH showed maximum and minimum values at 18 hr, respectively, and remained constant thereafter. Lactic acid content showed a slight decrease after reaching its maximum value at 24 hr of culture. Acid resistance was observed up to pH 2.5, but completely lost at pH 2.0. Bile acid resistance was generally strong. F2's adhesion to mucin was higher compared to S. Typhimurium, which increased until 18 hr of culture and then decreased. Enzyme activity according to anaerobic culture time was high for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), avicelase, and mannase, regardless of the presence of fructose. Auto- and co-aggregation were higher compared to the standard strain, and surface hydrophobicity was high for chloroform, which indicates electron donor properties. Therefore, the Fructobacillus fructosus F2 can be considered a potential probiotic due to its excellent anti-microbial, emulsification, acid resistance, bile resistance, CMCase, mannase, and auto- and co-aggregation properties.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2005

To investigate whether there are estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities in various medicinal herbs and discover prominent chemo-preventive agents, we screened and compared the ethanol extracts of 9 plants through the recombinant yeast assay and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell assay, In recombinant yeast assay, seven medicinal herbs showed estrogenicity, and four extracts showed androgenecity. In MCF-7 proliferation assay, the growth of MCF-7 cells was inhibited by eight extracts before and even after co-treatment with bisphenol A. It is interesting that the extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cassia tora, Syringa velutina, Zingiber officinale, Malva verticillata, and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer exhibited inhibitory effects as phytoestrogens in estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells. This study suggests that some Korean medicinal herbs might be considered as phytoestrogens and be useful to further analyze those plants which contain the estrogenic effect in order to identify the active principles.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2010

Red ginseng(RG, steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, family Araliaceae) and fermented red ginseng(FRG, fermented red ginseng by yeast and lactic acid bacteria) are known to show different pharmacological effects by changed composition of saponins through fermentation. We examined the effects of RG and FRG on $\beta$-hexosaminidase secretion, ICAM-1 expression, the mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocyte from mice in ex vivo systems and HaCaT cell(keratinocyte) proliferation to compare the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects between both groups. RG groups showed inhibition of $\beta$-hexosaminidase secretion and ICAM-1 expression at $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ and the same effects were observed at all concentrations in FRG groups. In our study, RG increased LPS-induced B cell proliferation at $1{\mu}g/ml$ and ConA-induced B cell proliferation at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ but FRG decreased LPS- and ConA-induced lymphocytes at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. We showed that FRG increased the proliferation of HaCaT at 1, $10{\mu}g/ml$ but not by RG. These findings suggest that RG and FRG might have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, which can be needed to proper clinical concentration to applied to various allergic diseases and inflammation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2015

Two bacterial strains, Bacillus licheniformis YB-1413 and YB-1414, producing extracellular α-galactosidase, were obtained from homemade Doenjang. On the basis of their biochemical properties, 16S rRNA sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns by polymerase chain reaction, they were found to be somewhat different from one another. α-Galactosidase productivities of the two isolates were increased by wheat bran, but drastically decreased by melibiose, raffinose and sucrose which were used as carbon sources. The enzyme productivities were increased by yeast extract as a nitrogen source with maximum levels of 1.87 U/ml for YB-1413 and 1.69 U/ml for YB-1414, respectively. The enzymes of both isolates exhibited maximum activity for hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-αGal) under reaction conditions of pH 6.0 and 45℃. Their hydrolyzing activities for pNP-αGal were drastically decreased by the addition of low concentrations of ribose and galactose. They were capable of hydrolyzing completely α-1,6 linked galactosyl residue in melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, which are known to be anti-nutritional factors in products of soybean and legume. In relation to the latter, the isolates YB-1413 and YB-1414 have potential applicability in improving soybean-fermented foods and the nutritional value of soybean feed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.80-89
• /
• 1996

The expression and secretion of human lactoferrin (hLf) in Sacclnromyces diastaticus were performed. 1. For the secretion of hLf in yeast, recombinant plasmid pYEGLf was constructed using promoter, secretion signal sequence of glucoamylase I gene (STA1) and transcriptional terminator of GAL7 gene. 2. Each correct recombinant plasmid was selected by mini-preparation of plasmid DNA from E coli transformant and restriction enzyme digestion analysis. The selected plasmids, pYEGLf, were transformed into S. diastaticus YIY345 as a expression host, respectively. 3. Western blot analysis using rabbit anti-hLf was carried out to identify expressed hLf. Positive signals were shown in culture supernatant of pYEGLf transformant. 4. About $100{\mu}g-1mg$ of concentrated culture supernatant of positive clone were loaded on paper disc and tested for the antimicrobial activity against E coli. However, no activity was observed. We concluded that this fact results from low concentration of hLf secreted from yeast, compared with the fact that MIC of hLf is as high as $3mg/m{\ell}$. Therefore, the purification of secreted hLf may be require to investigate the antimicrobial activity. From this study, the feasibility of low-cost production of sufficient quantities of human lactofferin for nutritional and therapeutical applications were suggested.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.184-188
• /
• 2007

The major goal in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is to achieve near-normal glycemic control. To optimize both fasting blood glucose and postprandial glucose levels is important in keeping blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ is the enzyme that digests dietary carbohydrate, and inhibition of this enzyme could suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to test the inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Euonymus alatus on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ in vitro and in vivo to evaluate its possible use as an anti-diabetic agent. Yeast ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of methanol extract of E. alatus were measured at concentrations of 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, and 0.05 mg/ml. The ability of E. alatus to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without E. alatus extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats by gastric intubation after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min. Plasma glucose levels were expressed in increments from baseline, and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. Extract of E. alatus, which had an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.272 mg/ml, inhibited yeast ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity in a concentration-dependent manner. A single oral dose of E. alatus extract significantly inhibited increases in blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) and significantly decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve (p<0.05). These results suggest that E. alatus has an antihyperglycemic effect by inhibiting ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity in this animal model of diabetes mellitus.