• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

To understand the relationship between the metabolism of wogonoside from the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis, and its anti-pruritic effect, we anaerobically incubated it with human fecal microflora, identified its metabolite identified, and investigated its anti-pruritic effect in compound 48/80 or histamineinduced pruritic mice. Wogonoside was metabolized to wogonin, with metabolic activity of $6.9{\pm}5.1\;nmol/h/mg$ wet weight of fecal microflora. Orally administered wogonoside had more potent anti-scratching behavioral effect in compound 48/80 or histamine-treated mice than intraperitoneally treated one, apart from orally administered its metabolite, wogonin, which was more potent than the orally administered one. Wogonoside showed more potent anti-pruritic effects when administered at 5 h prior to the pruritic agent treatment than when administered at 1 h before. However, wogonin orally administered 1 h before the treatment with pruritic agents showed a more potent anti-pruritic effect than when treated at 5 h before. Orally administered wogonoside may be metabolized to wogonin in the intestine and its anti-scratching behavioral effect may be dependent on its metabolism by intestinal microflora.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.32-56
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and antimicrobial effects of the three herbal prescription (EST, SCT, WDT), which has been traditionally used for treating leukorrhea induced by various infections in the female genital tract. Methods: In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by Nitric oxide (NO), $Interlukine-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), Interlukine-2 (IL-2), Interlukine-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), Leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) production amount and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression levels in RAW264.7 cells. And the anti-pruritic effects were evaluated by Histamine, Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Substance P production amount in Mast cell/9 (MC/9) and Pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. The anti-microbial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Results: As a result of measuring anti-inflammatory efficacy, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ production amounts were significantly reduced in the EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups compared with the control group, and significantly decreased the amount of $NF-{\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2 gene expression and the amount of Phospho-Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($p-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$)/Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 protein expression. In addition, As a result of measuring the anti-pruritic effect, the amounts of histamine, ACh and Substance P were significantly decreased, and AChE production was slightly decreased, but it's significance did not appear. Finally the anti-microbial effects of EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was inhibited, however the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was not inhibited. Conclusions: These data suggest that EST, SCT, WDT can be used to treat patients with leukorrhea.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1292-1301
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• 2021

본 연구는 섬애약쑥(Artemisia argyi H.)의 항가려움증 활성 가능성을 확인하기 위한 연구로써 가려움증 관련인자 등을 측정하였다. 섬애약쑥은 열수로 추출(Artemisia argyi H. distilled water extract 이하, AAD)하여 MTT assay로 세포독성을 측정하였고 항 가려움증 활성을 확인하기 위하여 IL-4와 IL-31 관련 전사인자 발현 및 단백질 생성을 측정하였으며, 히스타민의 발현을 측정하였다. 그 결과 25, 50, 100 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서는 유의한 세포독성이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 가려움증 연관 유전인자인 IL4의 경우 25 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 약 12%, 50 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 약 26%, 100 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 약 61%로 유의하게 감소하였으며, IL31의 경우 50 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 약 33%, 100 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 약 33%로 유의하게 감소하였다. 연관된 단백질 측정의 경우 각각 50 ㎍/㎖와 100 ㎍/㎖의 농도에서 IL-4는 약 34% 및 약 69%, IL-31은 약 36% 및 약 37% 유의하게 감소하였다. 이 결과는 ADD가 항가려움증을 위한 소재로써 가능성을 보여 소재 개발을 위한 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2020

Crotamiton is an anti-scabies drug, but it was recently found that crotamiton also suppresses non-scabietic itching in mice. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Therefore, aim of the study is to investigate mechanisms of the anti-pruritic effect of crotamiton for non-scabietic itching. Histamine and chloroquine are used as non-scabietic pruritogens. The effect of crotamiton was identified using fluorometric intracellular calcium assays in HEK293T cells and primary cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Further in vivo effect was evaluated by scratching behavior tests. Crotamiton strongly inhibited histamine-induced calcium influx in HEK293T cells, expressing both histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), as a model of histamine-induced itching. Similarly, it also blocked chloroquine-induced calcium influx in HEK293T cells, expressing both Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 (MRGPRA3) and transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1), as a model of histamine-independent itching. Furthermore, crotamiton also suppressed both histamine- and chloroquine-induced calcium influx in primary cultures of mouse DRG. Additionally, crotamiton strongly suppressed histamine- and chloroquine-induced scratching in mice. Overall, it was found that crotamiton has an anti-pruritic effect against non-scabietic itching by histamine and chloroquine. Therefore, crotamiton may be used as a general anti-pruritic agent, irrespective of the presence of scabies.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide the information of activity and safety of galgeun-tang by analyzing domestic/international papers and theses about galgeun-tang. Methods : Domestic/international papers and theses related to galgeun-tang were reviewed and analyzed. These papers were then classified by efficacy, or clinical trials. Results : The basic pharmacological experiment showed antipyretic, analgesic and anti-virus and anti-oxidant efficacy of galgeun-tang. In the case report of galgeun-tang, it showed therapeutic effect for patient with chronic rhinitis. But administration of galgeun-tang induced pruritic eruption in the two case report as a side effects of galgeun-tang. Conclutions : galgeun-tang showed tantipyretic, analgesic and anti-virus and anti-oxidant efficacy in the basic pharmacological experiment. Also, galgeun-tang showed therapeutic effect for patient with chronic rhinitis. But it was reported that galgeun-tang induced pruritic eruption in two case report, so physicians should be aware of the potential side effects.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

The worldwide prevalence and severity of allergic diseases including atopic and contact dermatitis has increased dramatically over the past decade, especially in developed countries. Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-allergic and anti-pruritic effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE). DLE was prepared by extracting with distilled water. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DLE on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$) and histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), and on the skin lesion, leukocyte infiltration and scratching behavior in mice. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ production compared with media control. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment were significantly inhibited by DLE in a dose-dependent manner. DLE also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Moreover, DLE administration had an inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine) in ICR mice. Furthermore, DLE inhibited the skin lesions, inflammatory and mast cells in hairless mice sensitized by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). DLE administration reduced the IL-4 and IgE production induced by DNFB sensitization in hairless mice. These results suggest that DLE has a potential use as a herb medicine for treatment against allergy and pruritus-related disease.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2015

Objectives: Realgar has been frequently used for skin disorders in history of herbal medicine. However, the efficacy of realgar has not been examined in atopic dermatitis(AD). In this study, the effects of realgar on AD were investigated, especially on pruritus and inflammation. Methods: AD lesions were induced in the shaved backs of BALB/c mice through repeated application of DNCB. The mice were treated for 11 days with 1% realgar ($100{\mu}L/day$). Histological changes in skin thickness were observed. The anti-pruritic effects of realgar were evaluated by the change in numbers of scratching behavior of mice and expression of substance P. The expressions of cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were measured. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of realgar were examined on expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Results: Realgar decreased skin thickness (both dermal and epidermal) 38% and 17% respectively, compared to positive control, DNCB group. The scratching behavior of mice was reduced by 42% and expression of substance P was significantly less. Cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly reduced by 52.6% and 77.6%, respectively. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and MAPKs (phospho-ERK1/2, -p38 and -JNK) were significantly suppressed with marked effects on phospho-ERK1/2. Conclusions: The collective results suggest that realgar shows anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on AD. And realgar might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2011

보툴리늄 톡신(BoNT/A)은 사람에서 안전하고 효과적인 주름치료제로 적용되고 있으며 최근에는 주름치료효과 이외의 효능에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 개 피부에 히스타민을 피하 주입하여 소양증을 유발한 다음 보툴리늄 톡신의 항소양 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 총 5 마리의 비글을 이용하여 우측 배측 흉부 피부에 보툴리늄 톡신 0.05 ml (5unit)를 주입한 처치부위와 좌측 배측 흉부 피부에 0.05 ml의 생리식염수를 주입한 대조부위를 비교하였다. 보툴리늄 톡신 투여 전, 투여 후 1, 3, 7일에 Histamine 을 피내주입하여 소양증을 유발하였다. 소양증의 정도, 팽진의 지름과 두께, 홍반수치 및 피부표면 온도를 측정하여 보툴리늄 톡신 주입 효과를 평가하였다. 소양증의 정도는 처치부위에서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p < 0.05) 팽진의 지름과 두께도 처치부위에서 유의하게 감소했다(p < 0.05). 홍반수치는 최초 히스타민을 피내투여한 직후에 처치부위와 대조부위에서 모두 증가했으나 대조부위에 비해서 처치부위에서 적게 증가하였다. 피부표면온도는 처치부위에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 본 연구결과 보툴리늄 톡신은 개 피부에서 히스타민에 의한 소양증에 대한 항소양 효과를 보였으며 임상적으로 극심한 국소 소양증을 보이는 피부질환에 대해 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects of WSY-1075 composited with Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Ginseng Radix, Cervi parvum Cornu and Cinnamomi Cortex in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) and scratching mouse model. Methods : WSY-1075 was prepared by extracting with 30% ethanol. In the present study, we investigated the effect of WSY-1075 on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187, and on the scratching behavior in mice treated with pruriogens. Results : WSY-1075 was not cytotoxic effect in used all concentration. PMA plus A23187 treatment significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production compared with media control in RPMCs. However, TNF-${\alpha}$, $IL1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment were significantly inhibited by WSY-1075 (200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 400 ${\mu}g/mL$). WSY-1075 also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Moreover, WSY-1075 administration had an inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin and substence P) in ICR mice. Conclusion : These results suggest that WSY-1075 administration (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) has the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects on the activated rat peritoneal mast cell and mouse pruritus. WSY-1075 has a potential use as a composition of medicinal plants for treatment against inflammation- and pruritus-related disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

Pruritus is a unpleasant symptom in the skin that provokes the act of or desire to scratch. Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic reactions such as pruritus and inflammation. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the synergic anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellariae Radix (SB) plus Flos Loncerae (FL) extracts in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), pruritogen-induced scratching mice and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic mice. We investigated the effect of SB, FL and SB plus FL extracts on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and histamine in RPMCs, on the scratching behavior in ICR mice, and skin clinical serverity and inflammatory mediators in DNFB-induced allergic hairless mice. RPMCs stimulated with PMA plus A23187 or compound 48/80 significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ or histamine production compared with media control. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ IL-$1{\beta}$ or histamine levels increased by PMA plus A23187 or compound 48/80 treatment were significantly inhibited by SB, FL in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, SB plus FL pretreatment had a synergic inhibitory effects on stimulator-induced cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) and histamine production. Moreover, SB plus FL administration had a synergic inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, substance P) in ICR mice. Furthermore, SB plus FL administration had a synergic inhibitory effects on skin damage, inflammatory mediators, leukocyte and mast cell infiltration induced by DNFB in hairless mice. These results suggest that SB plus FL administration has a potential use as a medicinal plant for treatment against itching and inflammation-related skin disease.