• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1523-1529
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• 2016

Soybean meal (SBM), a commonly used protein source for animal feed, contains anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oligosaccharides among others, which limit its utilization. Microbial fermentation using bacteria or fungi has the capability to improve nutritional value of SBM by altering the native composition. Both submerged and solid state fermentation processes can be used for this purpose. Bacterial and fungal fermentations result in degradation of various anti-nutritional factors, an increase in amount of small-sized peptides and improved content of both essential and non-essential amino acids. However, the resulting fermented products vary in levels of nutritional components as the two species used for fermentation differ in their metabolic activities. Compared to SBM, feeding non-ruminants with fermented SBM has several beneficial effects including increased average daily gain, improved growth performance, better protein digestibility, decreased immunological reactivity and undesirable morphological changes like absence of granulated pinocytotic vacuoles.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2008

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of kinases involved in the transduction of cellular signals that promote lipid hydrolysis. PKC plays a pivotal role in mediating cellular responses to extracellular stimuli involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Comparative analysis of the PKC-${\alpha},{\beta},{\varepsilon}$ isozymes of 200 recently sequenced microbial genomes was carried out using variety of bioinformatics tools. Diversity and evolution of PKC was determined by sequence alignment. The ser/thr protein kinases of Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2), is the only bacteria to show sequence alignment score greater than 30% with all the three PKC isotypes in the sequence alignment. S.coelicolor is the subject of our interest because it is notable for the production of pharmaceutically useful compounds including anti-tumor agents, immunosupressants and over two-thirds of all natural antibiotics currently available. The comparative analysis of three human isotypes of PKC and Serine/threonine protein kinase of S.coelicolor was carried out and possible mechanism of action of PKC was derived. Our analysis indicates that Serine/ threonine protein kinase from S. coelicolor can be a good candidate for potent anti-tumor agent. The presence of three representative isotypes of the PKC super family in this organism helps us to understand the mechanism of PKC from evolutionary perspective.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is deciduous shrubs in the genus Hippophae, mainly cultivated in Europe and Asia. Sea buckthorn berries have a high vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, carbohydrates, protein, organic acids, dietary minerals, triterpenoids, polyphenolic acids and amino acids. Extracts of sea buckthorn berries have anti- obesity, anti-oxidantive, anti-microbial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-diabetic and nutritional effects. Sea buckthorn used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, aid digestion, invigorate blood circulation and alleviate pain. Extracts of sea buckthorn branches and leaves was administered to humans and animals to treat gastrointestinal distress in Mongolia. This paper briefly reviews the most relevant experimental data on the pharmacological effects and isolated component of sea buckthorn. And, we also describe the importance of sea buckthorn as the environmental-friendly crops.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Demand for a new anti-malarial drug has been dramatically increasing in the recent years. Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) plays a vital role in fatty acid elongation process, which now emerged as a new important target for the development of anti-microbial and anti-parasitic molecules. In the present study, 19 compounds namely alginic acid, atropine, chlorogenic acid, chrotacumine A & B, coenzyme $Q_1$, 4-coumaric acid, curcumin, ellagic acid, embelin, 5-O-methyl embelin, eugenyl glucoside, glabridin, hyoscyamine, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, rohitukine, scopolamine, tlatlancuayin and ursolic acid were evaluated on their docking behaviour on P. falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) using Auto dock 4.2. The docking studies and binding free energy calculations exhibited that glabridin gave the highest binding energy (-8.07 kcal/mol) and 4-coumaric acid in contrast showed the least binding energy (-4.83 kcal/mol). All ligands except alginic acid, ellagic acid, hyoscyamine and glabridin interacted with Gln409 amino acid residue. Interestingly four ligands namely coenzyme $Q_1$, 4-coumaric acid, embelin and 5-O-methyl embelin interacted with Gln409 amino acid residue present in both chains (A & B) of PfENR protein. Thus, the results of this present study exhibited the potential of these 19 ligands as P. falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) inhibitory agents and also as anti-malarial agents.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.77-77
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• 2020

Purple loosestrife-Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Lythraceae family. It has been used for centuries in Korea and other Asian traditional medicine. It has been showed pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant and anti-microbial effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis signaling pathways by ethanol extract of Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino (ELM) in human leukemia U937 cells. Treatment with ELM significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), DNA fragmentation and increased populations of sub-G1 ratio. Induction of apoptosis by ELM was connected with up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5, pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1, survivin), depending on dosage. This induction was associated with Bid truncation, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspases (-3, -8 and -9) and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. Therefore, our data indicate that ELM suppresses U937 cell growth by activating the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, and thus may have applications as a potential source for an anti-leukemic chemotherapeutic agent.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

Two protein-polysaccharide fractions, GLA and GLB, respectively, were prepared from the pileus of the fully grown carpophores and the tips of the growing carpophores of Ganod erma lucidum. At a dose of 100mg/kg/day ip, GLA and GLB inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 solid tumor in ICR mice by 56.3% and 81.8%, respectively. In a flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, GLA and GLB enhanced the formation of lymphoblasts of BALB/c, splenic leukocytes at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}$g/ml, by 38.3% and 61, 3%, respectively. When ip injected into ICR mice, GLB exerted anti-leukopenic effect against cyclophospamide (75mg/kg, ip) in that the leukocyte counts of the peripheral blood of the normal and the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. respectively. was (11.1 ${\pm}$ 3.8) ${\times}$ 10$^3$ and (4.0 ${\pm}$ 1.8) ${\times}$ 10$^3$, while the GLB-cyclophosphamide treated mice showed a leukocyte count of (10.8 ${\pm}$ 5.1) ${\times}$ 10$^3$ CELLS/${\mu}$l. These results suggest that GLB is a promising candidate for an effective, cancer immunotherapeutic agent.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1183-1188
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• 1998

This study was carried out to elucidate the immunomodulating activity of protein bound polysac charide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG). Macrophage drived reactive radicals were known as an effector for antimicrobial and anticancer functions. The promising immune response molecule, reactive oxygen intermediates(ROIs), was determined in TIB 71 cells with PSG at various experimental conditions. Treatment with 0.5mg PSG significantly increased the production of ROIs, superoxide anion as well as hydrogen peroxide, from TIB 71 cells(p<0.001). Under the same concentration, con siderable results were obtained from 24 hour cultivation with 106 cells at 5% CO2 incubator. The cells were trigged with PMA(5.3 M) after primed BCG(100 M) or IFN (100U) alone could not induce the production of ROIs, but it had a significant potentiating effect on ROIs secretion when the cells were treated with PSG.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2021

Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene phytochemical found in rosemary and sage with reported anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosol on the lineage commitment of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Interestingly, carnosol stimulated the early commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblasts in dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. On the other hand, carnosol significantly suppressed adipogenesis of mBMSCs and downregulated both early and late markers of adipogenesis. Carnosol showed to induce osteogenesis in a mechanism mediated by activating BMP signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of BMPs downstream osteogenic target genes. In this context, treatment of mBMSCs with LDN-193189, BMPR1 selective inhibitor showed to abolish the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP2-induced osteogenesis. In conclusion, our data identified carnosol as a novel osteoanabolic phytochemical that can promote the differentiation of mBMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes by activating BMP-signaling.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1033-1040
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• 2005

본 연구는 분리한 ovotransferrin의 식품소재로서의 단백질 특성과 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균능력을 측정하기 위해 실시하였다. 분리한 ovotransferrin의 수분 흡착력을 pH 3, 7, 11의 조건에서 살펴보았을 때 중성조건에서 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 기포의 생성과 안정성은 산성조건인 pH 3에서 기포가 가장 적은 양이 발생되었고 시간이 지남에 따라 급속하게 사라지는 경향을 보였으며 중성조건인 pH 7에서는 기포의 감소의 폭이 적어 안정하게 유지됨을 보였다. 온도가 ovotransferrin의 기포의 발생과 안정성에 미치는 영향은 60℃에서 기포의 발생이 가장 높았으나 처리온도가 90℃ 이상이 되면 현저하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Ovotransferrin의 항균 및 항 곰팡이 효과를 측정해 본 결과 농도에 따른 유의적인 저해효과는 없었으나 다만 25mg/ml의 농도로 처리하였을 때 E. coli, S. typhi, P. aerug와 Candida albican에서만 약한 저해 효과를 나타내었다. Albumin과 lysozyme을 ovotransferrin과 혼합사용이 항균 및 항 곰팡이 효과에 영향하는지를 알아본 결과 albumin과 ovotransferrin을 혼합사용 하였을 때 25mg/ml의 농도에서만 S. typhi와 candida albicans의 억제(++) 효과를 보였고 lysozyme과 ovotransferrin의 혼합사용은 12.5mg/ml의 농도에서만 S. typhi에서 약한 저해(+) 효과를 나타냈으며 candida albican에 대해서는 ++정도의 억제효과를 나타내었다. Ovotrnasferrin 자체의 항균 효과는 25mg/ml의 농도에서만 약한 저해효과를 보였으며 ovotransferrin의 항균 및 항 곰팡이 활성을 상승시키기 위한 lysozyme과 albumin의 역할은 그리 크지 않은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2020

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) is essential for translation. MRS mutants reduce global translation, which usually increases lifespan in various genetic models. However, we found that MRS inhibited Drosophila reduced lifespan despite of the reduced protein synthesis. Microarray analysis with MRS inhibited Drosophila revealed significant changes in inflammatory and immune response genes. Especially, the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) genes was reduced. When we measured the expression levels of AMP genes during aging, those were getting increased in the control flies but reduced in MRS inhibition flies age-dependently. Interestingly, in the germ-free condition, the maximum lifespan was increased in MRS inhibition flies compared with that of the conventional condition. These findings suggest that the lifespan of MRS inhibition flies is reduced due to the down-regulated AMPs expression in Drosophila.