• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2012

After a mixed carbohydrate diet, inhibition of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase involved in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates can significantly decrease the postprandial increase of blood glucose level. In the course of screening these useful enzyme inhibitors, we selected five kinds of bean, using an in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay method. To evaluate the effect of germination process on the functionality of the bean, we investigated the inhibitory activities of the water extracts of non-germinated bean and germinated bean against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, relevant to postprandial hyperglycemia. We also investigated the oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), total phenolics content, and postprandial blood glucose lowering effect in rats(Sprague-Dawley rat model). Most germinated beans showed significantly higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, compared with non-germinated beans. Among germinated beans, Glycine max had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity(53.3%). The water extract of germinated Phaseolus vulgaris L. had the highest ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity(95.1%), followed by Glycine max(58.7%), and Glycine max L. Merr(54.1%). Furthermore, the five germinated beans also showed high antioxidant activities in ORAC assay. Results suggested that the germination process may improve and enhance the anti-hyperglycemia potential and antioxidant activity of the bean.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2015

A compressive description of tropical milky white mushroom (Calocybe indica P&C var. APK2) is provided in this review. This mushroom variety was first identified in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal and can be cultivated on a wide variety of substrates, at a high temperature range ($30{\sim}38^{\circ}C$). However, no commercial cultivation was made until 1998. Krishnamoorthy 1997 rediscovered the fungus from Tamil Nadu, India and standardized the commercial production techniques for the first time in the world. This edible mushroom has a long shelf life (5~7 days) compared to other commercially available counterparts. A comprehensive and critical review on physiological and nutritional requirements viz., pH, temperature, carbon to nitrogen ratio, best carbon source, best nitrogen source, growth period, growth promoters for mycelia biomass production; substrate preparation; spawn inoculation; different supplementation and casing requirements to increase the yield of mushrooms has been outlined. Innovative and inexpensive methods developed to commercially cultivate milky white mushrooms on different lignocellulosic biomass is also described in this review. The composition profiles of milky white mushroom, its mineral contents and non-enzymatic antioxidants are provided in comparison with button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Antioxidant assay results using methanol extract of milky white mushroom has been provided along with the information about the compounds that are responsible for flavor profile both in fresh and dry mushrooms. Milky white mushroom extracts are known to have anti-hyperglycemic effect and anti-lipid peroxidation effect. The advantage of growing at elevated temperature creates newer avenues to explore milky white mushroom cultivation economically around the world, especially, in humid tropical and sub-tropical zones. Because of its incomparable productivity and shelf life to any other cultivated mushrooms in the world, milky white mushroom could play an important role in satisfying the growing market demands for edible mushrooms in the near future.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

함초(Salicornia herbacea)는 염습 지대에서 자생하는 명아주과에 속하는 일년초 식물로서 우리말로는 퉁퉁마디라고 불리우며, 식용과 약용으로 이용되고 있다. 건조된 함초로부터 열수 추출을 하여 조추출물(CSP)을 얻었으며 조추출물을 한외 여과하여 다당체(SP1)를 얻었다. 이렇게 얻은 조추출물과 다당체에 대해 streptozotocin (55 mg/mL/kg)으로 유발한 당뇨 쥐를 이용하여 정상 대조군(NC)과 당뇨 대조군(DC), 당뇨 조추출물군(DCSP), 당뇨 다당체군(DSP1)으로 분류하고 각각 조추출물과 다당체 2%를 6주간 공급하여 실험한 결과, DCSP군과 DSP1군에서는 대조군과 비교하여 혈당은 10%, 25%씩 감소하고, 중성 지방은 13%, 20%씩 감소하여 유의적인 수치를 나타내었다. 즉, 함초로부터 조추출물과 다당체를 획득하여 이들에 대한 항당뇨 실험을 한 결과, 조추출물과 다당체에서 혈당 저하와 중성 지방 저하의 효과를 보였는데, 조추출물보다 다당체에서 더 높은 활성을 보였다. 따라서 함초 다당체는 항당뇨 활성을 가진 바이오헬스 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2012

The inhibitory activities of a water extract of Sanghwang mushroom(Phellinus linteusau)(SWE) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activities of the SWE were evaluated to investigate the antioxidant activity of the SWE associated with complications of long-term diabetes. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of SWE was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug($Acarbose^{(R)}$) in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. SWE significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after sucrose loading. These results suggest that SWE, which has high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity and high antioxidant activities, has the potential to contribute to a useful dietary strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cassia acutifolia on the obesity and the glucose levels in a rat model of obesity and diabetes. Methods: By random selection, 36 Wistar male rats were divided in two control groups, the positive and the negative control groups, and into four experimental groups receiving different infusions of Cassia acutifolia in water ad libitum. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant anti-obesogenic effect (P = 0.02), although this was not considered clinically significant. Additionally, Cassia acutifolia lowered the glucose levels by 30 mg/dL to 90 mg/dL (P = 0.05). However, we observed adverse effects in the liver, a two-fold increase in transaminase levels (P = 0.002), and in the kidneys, decreased creatinine levels (P = 0.001), and these adverse effects had no viable explanation. Conclusion: Cassia acutifolia has anti-hyperglycemic effects in obese diabetic rats. However, Cassia acutifolia also has adverse effects, so it should not be administered to patients.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권1호통권136호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2004

To investigate the antioxidant activitys of Biofuntional Foods Prescriptions (BFP), we were measured radical scavenging activity with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method and anti-lipid peroxidative efficacy on human LDL with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The DPPH and TBARS assay were revealed that Two BFP had significantly activity when compared to that of contrast drug. The antidiabetic effect of Dicollow-B (Rx B) were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats. When each 100,200 kg/mg fraction of Rx B was administrated. the blood glucose showed 155.7 mg/dl, 124.7 mg/dl and inhibitive activity of the serum total cholesterol showed 67.8 mg/dl, 61.5 mg/dl and the serum triglyce of hyperglycemic rats revealed 66.3 mg/dl, 62.3mg/dl. Those were decreased do dependently when compared with control group. The effect of Rx B on The body weight was not dose-dependently decreased dosedependently when by the administration of 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg fractions. But it was dose-dependantly decreased from $22.2{\times}4.9$ g to $18.9{\times}4.4$ g by the administration of 400 mg/kg fraction.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권4호통권127호
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• pp.327-329
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• 2001

Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been used as a tonics in the traditional medicine. To investigate the anti-diabetic principle of CM, activity guided fractionation was conducted. Hot water extract of CM was fractionated into 3 parts: above 100,000(A), $100,000{\sim}20,000(B)$, below 20,000(C) in molecular weight using in membrane filter system. All fractions showed mild hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by oral administration (300 mg/kg). The fraction C which was most active among them was fractionated again into two parts, C-1 and C-2 by Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography. The fraction C-1 showed hypoglycemic activity but C-2 did not show activity compared with control in STZ mice. In glucose-fed hyperglycemic mice, fraction C, C-1 and C-2 also showed significant glucose lowering activity. Their decreasing rates of plasma glucose level after 1 hours administrations of fraction C, C-1 and C-2 were 24.5%, 29.3% and 22.0%, respectively (Tolbutamide: 48.4%). These results suggested that CM has both insulin like and insulin release promoting activity and could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and an ability of a biological system, to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. It has been suggested that developmental alloxan-induced liver damage is mediated through increases in oxidative stress. The anti-diabetic effect and antioxidant activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) fractions were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After two weeks administration of PM, the liver antioxidant enzyme and hyperglycemic state were evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats by oral administration (P < 0.05). Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) were also diminished by PM supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to those in the normal rats but were restored by PM treatments. PM fractions also repressed the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS) were also reduced in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. PM fractions could restore the GR and GST activities, but the GCS activity was not affected in rat livers. From the results of the present study, the diabetic effect of the butanol fraction of PM against alloxan-induced diabetic rats was concluded to be mediated either by preventing the decline of hepatic antioxidant status or due to its indirect radical scavenging capacity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2010

We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of Triticum aestivum sprout water extract (TA) in diabetes mellitus type 2. For the experiments, the diabetic animal model db/db mice were divided to 3 groups: diabetic control (db/db) and two experimental groups orally treated with 25 and 100 mg/kg single dose of TA (TA-25 and TA-100, respectively). The lean mice were used as the non-diabetic normal control. All mice have free access to water and AIN-93 diet. TA was administrated to diabetic mice for 5 weeks and the diabetic clinical markers, including blood glucose level, body weight, food intake and insulin level, were measured at a time. After administration for 5 weeks, the blood glucose level was decreased 1.10 and 1.98 folds in TA-25 and TA-100 groups, respectively, compared with db/db group. The body weight and diet consumption were significantly reduced by TA treatment in dose-dependent manner. The treatments of TA-100 also significantly decreased remarkedly liver weight and slightly serum insulin levels when compared with them of the diabetic control group. However the immunohistochemical staining for insulin clearly showed high expression of insulin in the pancreatic islet cells derived from all db/db mice, even if TA was administrated. Moreover, TA-100 treatment significantly improved impaired glucose tolerance in diabetic db/db mice. The results suggest that TA has anti-hyperglycemic effect attenuating blood glucose in the animal model of type 2 diabetes and might be useful as a functional diet for human diabetic diseases.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2013

본 연구는 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes)를 유전적 당뇨 질환 동물모델인 OLETF 랫드에서 4주간 경구 투여하여 항당뇨 효과에 대한 연구결과로써, OLETF 랫드 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes) 투여군은 당뇨대조군과 비교하여 투여 4주에는 사료 섭취량과 체중이 증가하였다. 이는 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes)를 섭취한 OLETF 랫드는 고지방식 사료만 섭취한 OLETF 랫드에 비해 당뇨 유발이 개선된 결과로 판단된다. 혈중 포도당 농도, 인슐린 농도 및 인슐린 저항성 지표인 HOMA-IR 수치가 용량 의존적으로 감소하였다. 또한 GLUT4 유전자 발현을 측정한 결과 대조군에 비해 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes) 투여군의 mRNA 및 단백질이 용량 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서, 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes)의 섭취가 제2형 당뇨에서 인슐린의 감수성이나 저항성에 영향을 미치고, 혈당을 강화시키는 것으로 사료되므로 당뇨병환자의 혈당저하에 기여할 것이라 기대한다. 이에 본 연구는 천연물질을 이용한 당뇨병의 예방 및 치료에 동충하초(Isaria tenuipes)를 사용할 수 있는 이론적 토대를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.