• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.364-368
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• 1997

Onion (Allium cepa Linn) has been reported to have hypoglycemic activity in human and several animal models. In the present study, we performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in young (1.5mo) and aged (5 mo) rats treated with onion in order to determine whether aging can influence on the anti-hy-perglycemic effect of onion. In addition, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of onion in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extracts of onion (500 mg/kg, i.p., daily) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose level was determined in fasted and fed rats by using a glucometer (Johnson & Johnson). In glucose tolerance test, blood glucose level was maximally increased 15 min after glucose load (2 g/kg, i.p.), and recovered to the basal level 3 hr after glucose challenge in young and old rats. The maximum blood glucose levels of young and aged rat were 184$\pm$7.49 and 225.2$\pm$ 12.55 mg/dl, respectively. A single i.p. injection of aqueous extract of onion (1 g/kg) 30 min before glucose challenge significantly decreased blood glucose levels at 15, 30, 60, 90 min after glucose load in aged rats, while the administration of onion did not show any significant effect in young rats. In onion-treated diabetic rats, significant hypoglycemic effect (p<0.05) was observed, and the effect was greater in fasted rats than in fed. In conclusion, these results suggest that anti-hyperlycemic effect of onion can be changed by age and fasting.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

The effect of water extract composed of panax ginseng radix rubra, acanthopanacis cortex, and cordyceps (PAC) on diabetic animal models were investigated in two different diabetic animal models. FAC water extract significantly reduced the plasma glucose levels on day 30 as compared with the diabetic control group in $KKA^Y$ obese, hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic mice, and also reduced the plasma glucose levels as well as total cholesterol in multiple low dose (MLD) strep tozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. PAC water extract also showed an inhibitory effect on reduction of body weight and on development of MLD STZ-induced diabetic state. Elevated kidney hypertrophy, which is a characteristic feature shown in early stage of diabetic nephropathy and calculated as the ratio of kidney mass (g) relative to the body weight (g), was also markedly improved in PAC water extract- treated group as compared to the diabetic control group. Taken together, these data suggest that PAC water extract may have a potential as a antidiabetic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2020

Background: Type II diabetes is considered as one of the common diseases. Bangpungtongseongsan (BPS) has been used as a traditional medicine for treating obesity and hypertension in Korea. According to previous reports, it has anti-obesity, anti-chronic asthma, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of BPS on type II diabetes have not yet been elucidated. Thus, in this sutudy, we evaluated the water extracts of BPS using type II diabetes animal models. Methods and Results: Each group was orally administered with BPS (170, 850 and 1,700 mg/kg) for approximately 13 weeks. A mixture of 150 mg/kg metformin and 10 mg/kg sitagliptin (MS) was used as a positive control. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels, and hematological parameters including blood urine nitrogen, creatinine, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, were measured using blood samples. Treatment with 170 mg/kg BPS decreased the HbA1c and glucose levels in blood without affecting the weights of the animals. However, threatment with 1,700 mg/kg BPS reduced the weights and fatty liver, and increased the blood glucose level in type II diabetes animal models Conclusions: These results indicate that a low dose of BPS for 13 weeks, which reduces HbA1c and blood glucose levels, could be used for the treatment of type II diabetes. However, further studies are required to elucidate how active ingredients of BPS influence HbA1c and glucose levels in blood.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyperglycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product "Black Onion Extract" may possess antihyperglycemic potential in diabetes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.795-801
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• 2001

한국산 마(Dioscorea batatas DECENE, Yam)에서 점질물(mucilage)의 fraction 1, 2를 분획하여 6주령의 ICR 마우스에게 당 부하 검사(glucose tolerance test)를 실시한 결과 마 점질물 fraction 1이 마 점질물 fraction 2에 비해서 더 나은 효과를 나타내었기 때문에 마 점질물 fraction 1을 시료로 채택하여 6주령의 ICR 마우스에게 Alloxan으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 후 10일간 경구 투여를 실시하고 식이 섭취량 및 체중의 변화를 관찰하고 혈액중의 포도당 농도와 혈청과 간장 중의 지질 성분과 각종 장기의 무게 변화를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 식이 섭취량은 당뇨대조군과 마점질물투여군이 정상대조군에 비해 거의 2배에 가까운 식이 섭취량을 보였다. 체중의 변화는 정상대조군과 당뇨대조군은 증가한데 반해 마점질물 투여은 유의적으로 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였다 공복시 혈중 포도당 농토는 시료 투여 직전에 정상 대조군은 $68.00{\pm}6.04\;mg/dL$였으며, 당뇨 대조군과 시료 투여군은 $400.50{\sim}403.50\;mg/dL$였다. 당뇨 대조군의 경우 시료 투여 첫째날부터 종료시까지 고혈당을 유지하였으며, 마점질물 투여군에서는 실험기간 5일째까지는 당뇨 대조군에 비해 혈당이 감소하지 않았지만, 시료투여 10일째에 마점질물투여군은 당뇨대조군에 비해 낮은 혈당치를 나타내었다. 혈액중 중성지방농도는 당뇨 대조군이 정상 대조군에 비해 약 1.7배 정도 유의적으로 높았다. 마점질물투여군은 당뇨 대조군에 비해 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 비장의 무게는 y500F1군이 당뇨 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상에서 마점질물 fraction 1을 Alloxan 유발 당뇨 마우스에 투여하였을 때 체중의 감소 및 혈중 포도당과 중성지방농도를 감소시키는 경향을 나타내어 당뇨병에 대한 개선 효과를 위한 기능성 식품으로서의 개발 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.802-807
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• 2001

표고버섯과 보리에서 추출한 ${\beta}-glucan(M500,\;B500)$을 Alloxan으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 6주령의 ICR 마우스에 10 일간 경구 투여를 실시하고 식이 섭취량 및 체중의 변화를 관찰하고 혈액중의 포도당 농도, 혈액과 간장 중의 지질 성분 및 각종 장기의 무게 변화를 측정하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. Alloxan 유발 당뇨 마우스에서 B500군과 M500군은 정상대조군에 비해 거의 2 배에 가까운 식이 섭취량이 관찰되었으나 이에 따른 체중 변화는 시료 투여군에서 당뇨 대조군과 정상 대조군보다 유의적으로 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 혈중 포도당 농도는 당뇨 대조군의 경우 실험기간 시작부터 종료시까지 고혈당을 유지하였으나, B500군과 M500군은 당뇨 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 혈당치를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 혈중 중성지방 함량은 당뇨 대조군이 정상 대조군에 비해 약 1.7배 정도 증가하였다. B500군은 당뇨 대조군에 비해 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였으나, M500군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(0.05). 혈액중 총 콜레스테롤 농도와 LDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 각 군에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상에서 표고버섯과 보리의 ${\beta}-glucan$을 Alloxan 유발 당뇨 마우스에 투여하였을 때 체중 및 혈중 포도당 농도가 감소되었고, 특히 보리 ${\beta}-glucan$은 혈중 중성지방 농도를 감소시키는 경향을 보였으므로 표고버섯과 보리의 ${\beta}-glucan$이 당뇨병에 대한 개선 효과가 있다고 인정되며 이를 이용한 기능성 식품으로의 개발 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the water extract of Lespedeza cuneata (LCW) using rat insulinoma (RIN) m5F cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effect of LCW on the protection of pancreatic beta cells was assessed using MTT assay, and nitric oxide production was assessed using Griess reagent. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight of LCW for 5 weeks. In results, LCW significantly protected cytokine-induced toxicity and NO production, and increased insulin secretion in RINm5F cells. LCW significantly decreased serum blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels, and renal fibronectin expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Also, LCW effectively improved BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, our results suggest that LCW has a beneficial effect on cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell damage and biomarkers of diabetic complication in hyperglycemic rats.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.806-813
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• 2013

본 연구는 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 측정하고, 분화된 근육세포에서 glucose 이용과 인슐린 신호전달에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물($10mg/m{\ell}$)은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성을 67% 저해하였으며, 같은 농도의 양성대조구인 acarbose(63%)와 유사한 저해 효과를 보였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물이 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase에 의한 단당류 생성을 저해함으로 식사 후 혈당이 급격히 상승하는 것을 억제하는데 효과적인 소재로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 근육세포에서 인슐린 저항성을 유발하기 위해 지방산(1 mM, palmitic acid)를 처리하였고, glucose의 세포내 유입이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 지방산 처리 세포 모델에서 짚신나물 열수 추출물($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)은 glucose 이용을 유의적으로 회복시켜 주었다. Normal 상태의 배양조건에서 근육세포의 포도당 이용능은 짚신나물 열수 추출물($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 처리에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 근육세포 내로 glucose 유입은 운반 단백질인 Glut4를 통해 이루어지며, 이것은 인슐린이 신호전달을 통해 조절한다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 세포 내 glucose 이용 증가 효과는 인슐린 신호전달 관련 분자인 Akt 유전자와 단백질 발현을 증가시킨 것과 관련되는 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 짚신나물 열수 추출물은 소화기관에서의 탄수화물 흡수 저해와 근육세포 내 glucose 이용 증가를 통해 혈당 조절 및 당 대사 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.818-824
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• 2011

Eight LW${\times}$D crossbred, castrated weanling piglets were used to examine the effect of hyperglycemia by streptozotocin (STZ)-injection on oxidative and anti-oxidative status in circulating fluid. Every two of the eight piglets were intravenously administrated STZ at a dose of 0 (control), 100, 125 or 150 mg/kg BW, respectively, and on 15th day after the STZ-injection, some markers of the oxidative stress in circulating fluid were measured to evaluate oxidative and anti-oxidative status in the piglets. First, piglets with hyperglycemia were selected from the STZ-injected piglets as measured by the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) during 2 weeks after the STZ-injection. Additionally, data obtained from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) on 14th day were analyzed. Secondly, the data obtained in this experiment were divided into the control group and the hyperglycemic (STZ) group, and compared. The FPG level or area under curve (AUC) for plasma glucose during the IVGTT in the STZ-induced diabetic piglets was slightly significantly (FPG, p = 0.070; AUC, p = 0.072) higher compared with the control. On the other hand, the plasma level of lipid peroxidation in the STZ-induced diabetic piglets was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with the control. These results raise the possibility that STZ-induced diabetic piglets produced in this study can be used as a diabetic animal model to research the pathogenic mechanisms or therapy of complications in diabetic mellitus.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

The pharmacological properties of ginseng are mainly attributed to ginsenosides, the active constituents that are found in the extracts of different species of ginseng. Lately; the studies on ginsenosides are mainly focused on IH-901, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. In this study; we examined the anti-diabetic activity of IH-901 in C57BU61 db/db mice model. IH-901 was administrated orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. During the experimental period, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. After 5 weeks, db/db mice were sacrificed and diabetic parameters were analyzed. IH-901 treated group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (from 10.5 mM to 9.4 mM), insulin resistance index (from 163.6 to 100.2) and triglyceride levels (from 115.3 to 70.1) compared to the diabetic control. In Pancreatic islets morphology; IH-901 treated group revealed much less infltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that IH-901 recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage due to hyperglycemia. In addition, IH-901 upregulated expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. Taken together IH-901might be a potential anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect.