• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2005

손바닥선인장 추출물은 한의학에서 항염증 작용, 화상, 부종, 소화 불량 등 몇 가지의 생리학적 기능이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 손바닥선인장 줄기를 메탄올을 이용하여 추출한 후 그 추출물을 이용하여 항균활성을 확인한 결과 병원균 등 일반 세균에서 항균활성을 확인하였다. 특히, 약제내성균 및 혐기성 균인 여드름 원인균 뿐만 아니라 효모, 곰팡이 등 진균류에서도 항균활성을 나타내어 넓은 항균 스펙트럼을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 열 처리, 저장온도 및 저장기간이 항균활성에 영향을 미치지 않았으므로 온도 및 기간에 안정함을 확인할 수 있었고, 식품 보존제로서의 가능성 확인 시험에서도 기존의 식품 보존제보다 안전성이 있는 항균활성 물질로 평가되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.671-676
• /
• 2005

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of extract from Monascus pillosus, on the human wild-type p53 and p21 expressing A549 lung epithelial cell line and MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated by NO. $P21^{waf/cip1}$ was identified as a gene induced in senescent cells. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While p53-regulated stimulation of p21 appears to be central for the permanent growth-arrest, the role of p21 in p53-triggered cell death is unclear. Low dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the development of senescence associated with increased expression of p53 and p21 in A549 cells. Inhibition of p21 transactivating activity requires high level correlates with the amount of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Association of p21 and p53 results in inhibition of p21-stimulated transcription. This requires a higher p53 level than is necessary for transcriptional activation of endogenous p53-responsive gene but correlates well with the level of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Exposure to W-1 inhibited oxidative stresses-induced senescence-like arrest, resulting in a significant reduction in p53 and p21 steady state levels. These results suggest that p53 and p21 play a central role in the onset of senescence. Thus, it is important to emphasize control of oxidative balance in tumor prevention and aging.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제24권1호통권76호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1996

목재부후성 담자균류의 배양 균사체의 생물활성을 조사하기 위하여 항균활성, 식물생장조절활성, 항암활성 및 그들이 생산하는 효소활성을 검정한 결과 Coriozus versicolor 5129와 C. pubescens 5131 균주는 그람양성세균에, Lenzites betulina 8029 균주는 그람음성세균에 저지 효과를 나타내었으며 L. betulina 8085 균주는 세균과 진균에 저지 효과를 나타내어 광범위한 항균 spectrum을 보였다. 대부분의 균주가 0.8ml/ml 농도 처리시 배추 및 무의 발아 및 생장을 억제하였으며, 특히 Fomitopsis pinicolor 8059와 Fomitella fraxinea 8084 균주의 경우 생육을 장하게 억제하였다. 그러나, Bjerkandera adusta 8054 균주는 0.4 및 0.2ml/ml농도에서 배추 및 무의 생육을 촉진하였다. 몇종의 목재부후균 다당체를 추출하여 암세포를 이식한 ICR mouse에 투여한 결과 거의 전 균주가 항종양 작용을 나타내었으나 버섯종류 간에 큰 차이를 보였고 그중 L. betulina 8029와 미분류된 8058 균주는 효과가 비교적 높았다. 목재부후균의 세룰로스와 리그닌 분해력은 거의 전 공시균주에서 나타났고 종류간에 역가가 다양하여 강력한 분해균의 선발 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제24권2호통권77호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 1996

고등균류 균사체에 대한 면역조절기능과 항알레르기성 물질을 탐색하기 위해서 우선 단백다당류를 추출 회수해서 몇 가지 관련된 실험을 수행하였다. 면역감수성이 우수한 BALB/C 마우스를 통해서 적혈구 응집과 용혈반응, 항체생산능을 확인하기 위해서 PFC와 RFC실험, 마크로파아지와 임파구 세포들의 탐식능력 실험을 수행한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탐식능의 결과는 상황버섯(Phellinus igniarius), 장수버섯(Fomitella fraxinea), 버들송이(Agrocybe cylindracea), 균사다당체 모두가 복강탐식세포, 말초임파구, 비장의 식세포에 대해서 유의성 있는 식작용을 확인했다 상황은 복강식세포, 버들송이는 비장식세포에 대해서 식작용을 활성화시키는 결과를 나타냈다. 2. PFC와 RFC의 실험결과에서도 대조군에 비해 시료를 투여한 실험군에서 면역세포가 상황 130%, 장수 90%, 버들송이 70% 정도로 증강된 활성을 보였다. 3. 용혈소가와 응집소가는 전반적으로 대조군에 비해 균사단백다당체가 $2{\sim}3$배의 높은 값을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제46권7호
• /
• pp.358-363
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we firstly reported a C-type lectin cDNA clone of 1029 bps from the larvae of A. Pernyi (Ap-CTL) using PCR and RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 308 amino acid residues which has two different carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) arranged in tandem. To investigate the biological activities in the innate immunity, recombinant Ap-CTL was expressed in E. coli with a 6-histidine at the amino-terminus (Ap-rCTL). Besides acted as a broad-spectrum recognition protein binding to a wide range of PAMPs and microorganisms, Ap-rCTL also had the ability to recognize and trigger the agglutination of bacteria and fungi. In the proPO activation assay, Ap-rCTL specifically restored the PO activity of hemolymph blocked by anti-Ap-rCTL antibody in the presence of different PAMPs or microorganisms. In summary, Ap-rCTL plays an important role in insect innate immunity as an pattern recognition protein.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.305-315
• /
• 2021

The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest in Egypt and many countries worldwide, and causes heavy economic losses. As a result, management measures to control the spread of the worm are required. S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) is one of the most promising bioagents for the efficient control of insect pests. In this study, a chitinase gene (chitA) of a 1.8 kb DNA fragment was cloned and fully characterized from SpliNPV-EG1, an Egyptian isolate. A sequence of 601 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced with a predicted molecular mass of 67 kDa for the preprotein. Transcriptional analyses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that chitA transcripts were detected first at 12 h post infection (hpi) and remained detectable until 168 hpi, suggesting their transcriptional regulation from a putative late promoter motif. In addition, quantitative analysis using quantitative RT-PCR showed a steady increase of 7.86-fold at 12 hpi in chitA transcription levels, which increased up to 71.4-fold at 120 hpi. An approximately 50 kDa protein fragment with chitinolytic activity was purified from ChitA-induced bacterial culture and detected by western blotting with an anti-recombinant SpliNPV chitinase antibody. Moreover, purification of the expressed ChitA recombinant protein showed in vitro growth inhibition of two different fungi species, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, confirming that the enzyme assembly and activity was correct. The results supported the potential role and application of the SpliNPV-ChitA protein as a synergistic agent in agricultural fungal and pest control programs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.255-269
• /
• 2022

Actinomycetes isolated from marine habitats represent a promising source of bioactive substances. Here, we report on the isolation, identification, productivity enhancement and application of the bioactive compounds of Streptomyces qinglanensis H4. Eighteen marine actinomycetes were isolated and tested for resistance to seven bacterial diseases. Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis (GenBank accession number MW563772), the most powerful isolate was identified as S. qinglanensis. Although the strain produced active compound(s) against a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, it failed to inhibit pathogenic fungi. The obtained inhibition zones were 22.0 ± 1.5, 20.0 ± 1, 16.0 ± 1, 12.0 ± 1, 22.0 ± 1 and 24.0 ± 1 mm against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 19404, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, respectively. To maximize bioactive compound synthesis, the Plackett-Burman design was used. The productivity increased up to 0.93-fold, when S. qinglanensis was grown in optimized medium composed of: (g/l) starch 30; KNO₃ 0.5; K₂HPO₄ 0.25; MgSO₄ 0.25; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.01; sea water concentration (%) 100; pH 8.0, and an incubation period of 9 days. Moreover, the anticancer activity of S. qinglanensis was tested against two different cell lines: HepG2 and CACO. The inhibition activities were 42.96 and 57.14%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the marine S. qinglanensis strain, which grows well on tailored medium, might be a source of bioactive substances for healthcare companies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.877-884
• /
• 2022

Probiotics are microorganisms that can benefit host health when ingested in a live state, and lactic acid bacteria are the most common type. Among fungi, Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) is the only strain known to have a probiotic function with beneficial effects on colitis; however, information on other probiotic yeast strains is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to discover yeast strains expressing intestinal anti-inflammatory activities by exhibiting probiotic properties in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. Nuruk (Korean traditional fermentation starter) containing various microbial strains was used as a source for yeast strains, and S. cerevisiae 28-7 (SC28-7) strain was selected with in vitro and in vivo characteristics to enable survival in the intestines. After 14 days of pretreatment with the yeast strains, DSS was co-administered for six days to induce colitis in mice. The results revealed that the disease activity index score was lowered by SC28-7 treatment compared to the DSS group, and the colon length and weight/length ratio were recovered in a pattern similar to that of the normal group. SC28-7 administration significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and modified the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ) and proteins involved in gut barrier functions (mucin 2, mucin 3, zonula occludens-1, and occludin) in colon tissues. These results indicate that SC28-7 attenuates DSS-induced colon damage and inflammation, supporting its future use as a probiotic yeast for treating and preventing intestinal inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2022

Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1197-1205
• /
• 2023

Osteoporosis, Greek for "porous bone," is a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone strength, microarchitectural changes in the bone tissues, and an increased risk of fracture. An imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation may lead to chronic metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. Wolfiporia extensa, known as "Bokryung" in Korea, is a fungus belonging to the family Polyporaceae and has been used as a therapeutic food against various diseases. Medicinal mushrooms, mycelium and fungi, possess approximately 130 medicinal functions, including antitumor, immunomodulating, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects, and are therefore used to improve human health. In this study, we used osteoclast and osteoblast cell cultures treated with Wolfiporia extensa mycelium water extract (WEMWE) and investigated the effect of the fungus on bone homeostasis. Subsequently, we assessed its capacity to modulate both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation by performing osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic activity assays. We observed that WEMWE increased BMP-2-stimulated osteogenesis by inducing Smad-Runx2 signal pathway axis. In addition, we found that WEMWE decreased RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by blocking c-Fos/NFATc1 via the inhibition of ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Our results show that WEMWE can prevent and treat bone metabolic diseases, including osteoporosis, by a biphasic activity that sustains bone homeostasis. Therefore, we suggest that WEMWE can be used as a preventive and therapeutic drug.