• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : New Drug Development from Natural Products
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• pp.61-77
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• 2004

Present review is built on base of research work on Ganoderma lucidum in our laboratory. A great deal of experimental evidence has suggested that the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum(Lingzhi) are related to anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging effects of polysaccharides and triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum in different oxidative injury models including tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)- damaged mice peritoneal macrophages, alloxan-induced diabetes, experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC14), D-galactosamine (DGal) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides(LPS) were investigated. It is also demonstrated that Lugu lingzhi, one of Ganoderma product, significantly inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by endothelial cells and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) induced by Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced glycation endproducts(AGE). Lugulingzhi-treated serum could markedly inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-1) induced by ox-LDL and AGE.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

Objectives : Aquilaria crassna is a traditional herbal medicine, which is used to treat allergies, diabetes, neurological diseases. Recently, Aquilaria crassna extracts have been reported in anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, various solvents fraction of Aquilaria crassna were investigated on various physiological activities. Methods : According to the polarity, the solvents fraction of Aquilaria crassna were confirmed through TLC, and the activities of the extracts were confirmed in anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, whitening, anti-gout, and anti-inflammation. Results : TLC results showed that ACM and ACM/E have similar patterns and most of the components were transferred to ACM/E. Treatment with ACM and ACM/E fraction were significantly decreased the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Analysis of biological activities such as α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B), tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase (XO) and pancreatic lipase inhibition, showed that ACM and ACM/E have more inhibitory effects than other fractions. Conclusions : Therefore, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that Aquilaria crassna and its constituents might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of immune-regulating effects.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemia effects of the Triticum aestivum wheat sprout (TAWS) water extracts in the diabetic mice. Diabetic experimental model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into male Balb/c mice. Mice were divided into five groups: normal (CON), diabetic control (DM), and three experimental groups (DM-100, diabetes with TAWS extracts 100mg/kg; DM-50, diabetes with TAWS extracts 50 mg/kg; DM-25, diabetes with TAWS extracts 25 mg/kg). TAWS extracts were administered orally in diabetic mice. Body weight, food intake, and blood glucose levels were recorded for 12 days and blood insulin levels were measured at the day 12. Oral administration of TAWS extracts reduced slightly food intake and induced a little body weight gain in DM-100 groups. The blood level of glucose was decreased in the dose-dependent manner; 55% in the DM-100 group and 39.7% in the DM-50 group. The blood level of insulin also was improved 10 folds in the DM-100 group and 3.6 folds in the DM-50 group compared to the DM group. The contents of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in 1 g dry mass of TAWS extracts were 6.6 mg of tannic acid equivalents and 1.0 mg of 8-hydroquinolline equivalents, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activity of TAWS extracts were 1.2 mM and 1.8 mM ascorbic acid equivalents, respectively. These results suggest that TAWS water extracts could contribute to attenuate clinical symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2006

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic and hard to control disease. In order to develop the therapeutic agent for type 2 DM, many researchers investigated natural products using an in vitro and in vivo assay. In this study, we tried to explore the anti-diabetic activity and mechanisms of ginsam, which is a vinegar-processed ginseng radix. The db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups. The diabetes control (DC) group was orally administrated with distilled water, ginseng radix (GR) or ginsam (GS) was administrated orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg, and the positive control group was orally injected with metformin (MET) at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 5 weeks in db/db mice and measured body weight and blood glucose level every week. All treatment groups decreased the plasma glucose levels compared with diabetic control and GS group significantly lowered the insulin resistance index. GS group also reduced the plasma lipid levels mainly due to reduce the lipogenesis and increase the lipolysis in the fat tissue. In addition, GS group increased the GLUT4 mRNA expression levels in the fat and muscle tissues by 10 fold probably due to increase a $PPAR_{-\gamma}$ mRNA expression in fat tissue. Taken together, GS showed the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities and those activities may ascribe to over-expression of GLUT4 mRNA level and decrease the lipogenesis in fat tissue.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

Objectives : Gambigyeongsinhwan 16 (GGEx16), gambigyeongsinhwan 18 (GGEx18) and gambitongseong capsule are shown to be involved in the regulation of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the reporter activity of anti-obesity genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) and $PPAR{\delta}$ by GGEx16, GGEx18 and gambitongseong capsule. Methods : After NMu2Li liver cells, C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with GGEx16 (1 ${\mu}g/ml$), GGEx18 (1 ${\mu}g/ml$) and different concentrations of gambitongseong capsule, the transactivation of $PPAR{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\delta}$ was measured by a luciferase reporter gene assay. Results : $PPAR{\alpha}$ reporter gene activity in NMu2Li liver cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly increased by GGEx16, GGEx18 and gambitongseong capsule compared with control, whereas $PPAR{\alpha}$ reporter gene activity in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was significantly increased by GGEx18 only compared with control. Similarly, $PPAR{\delta}$ reporter gene activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was also significantly increased by GGEx18 compared with control. $PPAR{\delta}$ reporter gene activity in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was significantly increased by GGEx16 and GGEx18 compared with control although $PPAR{\delta}$ reporter gene activity in NMu2Li liver cells was not changed by these three formulas. Conclusions : These results suggest that all three formulas have the ability to stimulate $PPAR{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\delta}$ transactivation in animal cell lines with high metabolic rates. In particular, this effects were most prominent in GGEx18-treated cells. In addition, it is likely that GGEx18 may be used as an effective anti-obesity composition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.394-402
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• 2014

본 연구는 황칠나무의 부위별 추출물의 항당뇨효능을 평가하기 위해, 황칠나무의 잎과 줄기의 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물을 분리하여 항산화능과 당뇨질환 개선효능을 측정하였다. 그 결과, total polyphenol과 total flavonoid의 농도는 DLW에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 DLE, DSW, DSE 순서로 나타났다. 또한, DPPH 소거능은 DLW가 대부분의 농도에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, DLE는 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 가장 높은 DPPH 소거능을 나타내었다. 항산화능이 우수한 DLW와 DLE를 선정하여 STZ로 유도된 당뇨모델동물에 2주간 투여하여 항당뇨 효능을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 체중은 STZ/vehicle 처리군이 급격히 감소하였으나 STZ/DLW와 STZ/DLE 처리군에서 서서히 감소하였다. 혈당량은 STZ/vehicle 처리군에서 급격히 증가하였으며, STZ/DLW 처리군과 STZ/DLE 처리군에서만 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나, 혈청 내 인슐린의 농도는 STZ/vehicle 처리군에 비하여 STZ/DLW와 STZ/DLE 처리군에서 증가하였으며, 특히 STZ/DEL-200 처리군에서 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 이러한 변화는 췌장의 조직학적 변화와 면역염색의 결과에서도 동일하게 관찰되었다. 더불어, 뇨당 농도는 STZ/vehicle 처리군에서 급격히 증가하였으며, 오직 STZ/DLW-200 처리군과 STZ/DLE-200 처리군에서만 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 황칠나무의 잎의 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물은 우수한 항산화효능과 베타세포의 사멸을 억제함으로서 당뇨질환을 개선하는 효능이 있음을 제시하고 있으며, 특히, 200 mg/kg의 농도가 우수한 효능을 나타내는 농도임을 제시하고 있다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2008

Protective effects of cheonggukjang fermented with 20% red ginseng (RC) were observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring levels of blood glucose, serum lipid profiles, and hepatic reactive oxygen species generating and scavenging enzymc activities. RC diet was prepared by mixing with AIN-76 diet at the final concentration 2%, and it was fed to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 3 weeks. The RC dict was significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency ratio, levels of serum glucose, and serum and hepatic lipids in diabetes. The significantly elevated O type activity of xanthine oxidase in diabetes was also greatly decreased by the RC diet. The treatment of RC showed the improved hepatic glutathione s-transferase activities in the diabetic animals. The present study indicates that cheonggukjang fermented with red ginseng could ameliorate STZ-induccd diabetic symptoms such as aggravated blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, and even the conditions of oxidative stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.616-621
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• 2013

진범은 열독을 제거하고 발한을 유도하여 몸의 수분을 조절하는 효과를 가져 한방에서 사용되어 왔으며, 항염증 활성과 장기의 면연체계를 조절하는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 진범 추출물의 항노화와 항당뇨 활성을 조사하였다. 물과 에탄올을 이용하여 진범을 추출하고 그 추출물이 가지는 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성, PF 및 TBARs와 같은 항산화 활성과 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 진범 물과 에탄올 추출물의 농도 $100{\mu}g/ml$, $50{\mu}g/ml$ 처리군부터 50% 이상의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성이 나타났고, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 에탄올 추출물의 농도 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리군에서 $99.8{\pm}0.1$%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 베타카로텐리놀레이트 모델 시스템을 이용한 항산화 활성 측정결과 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 이상의 농도로 첨가하였을 때 물 추출물에서 1.27 PF, 1.33 PF값을, 에탄올 추출물에서는 1.40 PF, 1.49 PF로 나타났으며, 에탄올 추출물의 농도 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리군에서 $0.16{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$로 가장 낮은 TBARs값을 나타내었다. 물 추출물의 농도 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리군와 에탄올 추출물의 100~$1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리군에서 90% 이상의 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해 활성과 60% 이상의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 진범의 생리활성을 이용하여 항노화 화장품 원료와 항산화 및 항당뇨 예방물질 소재로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2009

In patients with type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress could be increased by their metabolic changes. Elevated plasma homocysteine is considered as one of markers of enhanced oxidative stress. Due to oxidative stress, some complications like cardiovascular or renal diseases may develop in type 2 diabetes patients. Plasma homocysteine concentration may be increased if folate status were inadequate. Protective effects against oxidative stress may be diminished if the status of anti-oxidative nutrient as vitamin C was poor. It is, therefore, important to maintain adequate status of folate and vitamin C in type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, this study was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of folate and/or ascorbate on blood glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) level, serum concentrations of homocysteine and cholesterol, plasma oxidized low density-lipoprotein (LDL), concentration and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 92 type 2 diabetes patients participated voluntarily with written consents. They were divided into one of the four experimental groups; Control (C), Folate-supplemented (F), Ascorbate-supplemented (A), and Folate plus ascorbate-supplemented (FA). The subjects in C were taken placebo, those in F were supplemented 1 mg of folate, those in A received 1,000 mg of ascorbate, and those in FA were given 1 mg of folate plus 1,000 mg of ascorbate daily for 4 weeks. Supplementation of folate or ascorbate resulted to increase serum folate level or plasma ascorbate concentration apparently, respectively. Folate supplementation not ascorbate seemed to decrease plasma concentrations of homocysteine and oxidized LDL and reduce plasma GSH-Px activity. There might not be synergic effect of the supplementation of folate plus ascorbate. The results indicate that oxidative stress in the patients with type 2 diabetes may lower mainly by folate supplementation.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2009

Traditionally, Cham dang-gui (Angelica gigas Nakai) is one of the most popular herbal medicines in Asian countries including Korea. A. gigas has been used as a functional food product for treatment anemia, women's health care, a sedative, an anodyne or a tonic agent. Decursin and decursinol angelate isolated from the roots of A. gigas are pyranocoumarin compounds. Recently, as the global herbal medication market is increasing, investigations about pharmacological effects of decursin and decursinol angelate are rapidly increasing. We summarized previous studies about pharmacological effects of decursin and decursinol angelate, and reviewed relation with pharmacological effects of decursin and decursinol angelate on human disorder, focused on the approach for new drug development. Pharmacological effects of decursin and decursinol angelate were classified as anti-tumor activity, anti-bacterial activity, improvements of the circulating system, inhibition of cytochrome P-450 activity, anti-inflammation activity, anti-oxidant activity and cognitive-enhancing activites. The activity of A. gigas with improvement of the circulating system may have wide therapeutic potential for circulatory diseases, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Also, anti-inflammation activity A. gigas may be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of asthma, atopic dermatitis and rheumatism arthritis. This relation could potentially lead to the development of herbal new drugs. In order to development a new drug containing decursin and decursinol angelate, it is also necessary to consider the safety profile, and the information in this review would contribute to development a new drug from herbal medicine.