• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Betamethasone propionate, an anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroid, was detected in cosmetics with no indication on the label of this compound as an ingredient. The product was formulated as a topical spray or shampoo and labeled to contain zinc pyrithione as the active ingredient. A thin-layer chromatographic analysis was carried out on silica gel plates to provide a first indication about the presence of a compound with steroid structure and reactivity; then high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation allowed the identification of the corticosteroid agent and its quantification. To identify the corticosteroid agent from these commercial samples we collected the fractions suspected to have ketol steroids by prep HPLC and identified the compound as betamethasone propionate by NMR and MS spectrometry. Then we synthesized the standard for the betamethasone 17-propionate and 21-propionate and quantitate the corticosteroids from the sample by HPLC with that standards. By this method we identified the corticosteroid compounds from some commercial cosmetics such as zinc pyrithione sprays. The finding of betamethasone propionate in the products was shown by comparison to an authenticated standard of betamethasone propionate by retention time on reverse-phase HPLC. Two of the tested products contained betamethasone propionate at the levels of 0.005 ${\sim}$ 0.02% and the others were free of betamethasone propionate.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2018

미역은 갈조식물인 미역과에 속하는 1년생 바닷말로서 주로 어린 줄기와 잎부분을 식용으로 한다. 폐기부로 분류되는 미역귀 부분 또한 가식부 이상으로 풍부한 미네랄과 알긴산을 함유하고 있으며 이를 이용한 건강 친화적인 슬라이스 잼의 개발을 목적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 제품 개발의 소재화를 위한 연구의 일환으로 미역귀 알긴산 추출, 알긴산의 항산화활성(DPPH, ABTS, SOD 유사활성, total polyphenol, 세포 독성, NO생성 억제능을 수행한 바는 아래와 같다. 미역귀 알긴산 추출물을 각각 10, 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리한 시험구들의 전자공여능을 확인한 결과 각각 2.8, 27.5, 35.9, 43.4%로 나타났으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 각각 4.2, 21.6, 33.4, 67.4%로 나타났다. 동일한 농도로 처리하였을 때 SOD 유사활성은 각각 9.2, 12.4, 23.2, 30.8%로 나타났다. 미역귀 알긴산 추출물의 total polyphenol은 $19.16{\pm}0.08mg%$로 확인되었다. 세포생존율은 10, 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리하였을 때 118.8%, 120.7%, 121.1%, 124.9%로 나타났다. NO생성 억제능을 동일한 농도에서 확인한 결과 각각 3.1, 5.1, 7.9, 9.6%로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과 미역귀 알긴산 추출물은 항산화능이 탁월하게 나타나 건강 친화적인 기능성 소재로 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

Crysochroa fulgidissima (Bidan-beole, Spanish fly) is traditionally used as a crude drug and insecticide in the East Asia and Korea, respectively. This study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of C. fulgidissima on the NO production activity. The C. fulgidissima extract was a potent inducer of NO production in CPAE cells and a stimulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner. This study also evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract by determining the level of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and prostaglandin $E_2$ from HUVEC cells. Although C. fulgidissima extract was a potent inducer of NO production in the CPAE cells, it showed weak inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in HUVEC cells. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of C. fulgidissima revealed the presence of cantharidin.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

Background: Clinical observations and laboratory studies have supported an immune basis for most acquired aplastic anemias, with the majority of patients responding to immunosuppressive therapy. Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily is a critical downregulator of cellular immune responses. Proinflammatory cytokines like interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) and TNF-${\alpha}$ can induce Fas expression and render hematopoietic progenitor cells susceptible to Fas-induced growth suppression and apoptosis. Methods: In order to investigate the involvement of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA), we measured the expression of Fas antigen and caspase-3 on bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs) of AA in the presence or absence of IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, or macrophage inflammatory protein 1-${\alpha}$ (MIP-$1{\alpha}$). Results: We confirmed that AA BM MNCs were more apoptotic and highly expressed Fas antigen than normal donors. Stimulation by IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, or MIP-$1{\alpha}$ increased Fas antigen and caspase-3 expression in AA BM MNCs than BM MNCs of normal donors. Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody enhanced IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, or MIP$1{\alpha}$ mediated caspase-3 expression in BM MNCs of normal donors. Among these three cytokines, IFN-${\gamma}$ enhanced apoptosis most strongly via Fas-caspase-3 pathway. Conclusion: These results suggest that Fas signal pathway may play a role in the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia and negative hematopoietic regulators like IFN-${\gamma}$ can induce apoptosis of bone marrow progenitors in part by Fas induction.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

Background: Third molar extraction is associated with considerable pain and discomfort, which is mostly managed with oral analgesic medication. We assessed the analgesic effect of benzydamine hydrochloride, a topical analgesic oral rinse, for controlling postoperative pain following third molar extraction. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 40 patients divided into two groups, for extraction of fully erupted third molar. Groups A received benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash and group B received normal saline gargle with oral ibuprofen and paracetamol. Oral ibuprofen and paracetamol was the rescue analgesic drug in group A. Patients were evaluated on the $3^{rd}$ and $7^{th}$ post-operative days (POD) for pain using the visual analogue score (VAS), trismus, total number of analgesics consumed, and satisfaction level of patients. Results: The VAS in groups A and B on POD3 and POD7 was $4.55{\pm}2.54$ and $3.95{\pm}1.8$, and $1.2{\pm}1.64$ and $0.95{\pm}1.14$, respectively and was statistically insignificant. The number of analgesics consumed in groups A and B on POD3 ($5.25{\pm}2.22$ and $6.05{\pm}2.43$) was not statistically different from that consumed on POD7 ($9.15{\pm}5.93$ and $10.65{\pm}6.46$). The p values for trismus on POD3 and POD7 were 0.609 and 0.490, respectively and those for patient satisfaction level on POD3 and POD7 were 0.283 and 0.217, respectively. Conclusions: Benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses do not significantly reduce intake of oral analgesics and are inadequate for pain relief following mandibular third molar extraction.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2005

Objectives : Mahwangkanghwal-tang(Mahuangqianghuo-tang;MKT) is a prescription that treat clinically arthritis. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of MKT extract on the adjuvant arthritis in pathological rats induced by Freund's complete adjvant($0.2m{\ell}/kg$). Methods : Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group were administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to normal rats for 14 days, Control group were administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to arthritic rats for 14 days, Sample A group were administered MKT $300m{\ell}/kg$ $1.0m{\ell}$ to arthritic rats for 14 days, Sample B group were administered MKT $500m{\ell}/kg$ $1.0m{\ell}$ to arthritic rats for 14 days. The present author observed body weight, inhibitory effect of edema, analgesic effects by hot plate, WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, total serum protein level and total serum cholesterol level. Results : 1. All sample group were increased body weight compared with control group, sample B group were significantly increased body weighty compared with control group. 2. All sample group significantly inhibited the rated of paw edema compared with control group. 3. All sample group significantly prolongated the escaping time compared with control group, sample B group significantly prolongated the paw licking time compared with control group. 4. All sample group were significantly decreased WBC compared with control group, sample B group were significantly decreased RBC compared with control group. 5. All sample group ware decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit compared with control group. 6. All sample group ware increased total serum cholesterol compared with control group, sample B group were significantly decreased platelet compared with control group. 7. All sample group ware significantly decreased total serum protein level compared with control group. 8. All sample group ware increased total serum cholesterol compared with control group, sample B group were significantly increased total serum cholesterol level compared with control group. Conclusions : We thought that Mahwangkanghwal-tang(Mahuangqianghuo-tang) could be used for curing rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory effect was somewhat better in much than small dosage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2004

Arsenic trioxide($As_2O_3$) was introduced into the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic Ieukemia. Some investigators have reported that arsenic trioxide had induced apoptosis in a variety of solid human tumor cell lines, including non-small cell lung cancer. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) are powerful chemopreventive agents for gastrointestinal cancers and the growth of established tumors are reduced by inducing apoptosis. It's also reported that NSAIDs enhanced tumor response to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether combination of arsenic trioxide with sulindac augmented its apoptotic potential in NCI-H157 human lung cancer cells. The human lung cancer cell line NCI-H157 was treated with arsenic trioxide and sulindac. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by nuclear staining and flow cytometric analysis. The catalytic activity of the caspase families were measured by the fluorogenic cleavage of biosubstrates. The western blotting were also performed to define the mechanical basis of apoptosis. Combination treatment of arsenic trioxide and sulindac decreased the viability of NCI-H157 human lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The catalytic activity of caspase-3, 8 and 9 proteases were increased after combination treatment. Consistently PARP was cleaved from 116kDa to 85kDa fragments, and the expression of ICAD was decreased by time-dependent manner. Also combination treatment increased the expression of Fas and Fas/L. Combination therapy of arsenic trioxide with sulindac augments cell death and induces apoptosis via the activation of caspase cascade in NCI-H157 human lung carcinoma cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2013

Herbal medicine has been traditionally used in Asian countries for a long time. Many pharmacological effects are identified in the herbs and these herbs are believed to be safe for human. However, the safety or adverse effect of some traditional herbal medicines has not been established. We have chosen Cyperi rhizoma based on the Korea Herbal Pharmacopoeia and which have been widely used for an anti-inflammatory effect in Korea. The object of the study was to evaluate safety of Cyperi rhizoma in rats. The aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was prepared according to the standard hot water extraction method of the Korea Pharmacopoeia. In the sub-chronic study, the aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was orally administered once daily as 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day to male and female F344 rats for 13 weeks. There were no treatment related abnormalities in mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, ophthalmologic examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, gross observation, organ weight and histopathologic examination. In conclusion, The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Cyperi rhizoma aqueous extract was determined as more than 2000 mg/kg/day in the present experimental condition.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 2004

UV radiation exerts various influences in the skin, including photoaging and inflammation (1). The MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases), which are induced by UV irradiation, can degrade matrix proteins, and these results in a collagen deficiency in photodamaged skin that leads to skin wrinkling. It has been known that the production of PGE$_2$ stimulates MMPs expression, and inhibits procollagen (2). Thus, it is possible that the induction of MMPs and the inhibition of matrix protein synthesis by UV -induced PGE$_2$ may play some role in UV-induced collagen deficiency in photoaged skin. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, is reported to have cytoprotective effects against ischemia and postischemic reperfusion injury of brain and heart, presumably by augmenting anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism (3). And also, FDP significantly prevent skin aging by decreasing facial winkle compared with vehicle alone after 6 months of use. We studied the mechanism of anti-aging effect of FDP on UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocyte model. FDP has protective role in UVB injured keratinocyte by attenuating prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$) production and COX-2 expression. And FDP also suppressed UVB-induced MMP-2 expression. Further, to delineate the inhibition of UVB-induced COX-2 and MMPs expression with cell signaling pathways, treatment of FDP to HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in marked inhibition of UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK. It also prevents UV induced NFB translocation, which are activated by cellular inflammatory signal. Our results indicate that FDP has protecting effects in UV-injured skin aging by decreasing UVB-induced COX-2 and MMPs expression, which are possibly through blocking UVB-induced signal cascades.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

A trigger point injection (TPI) has been reported to have an immediate analgesic effect, and to be one of the most widely employed treatment methods of myofascial pain. There are normal saline, local anesthetics, and steroids as the solutions frequently used in TPI. They can be used separately or in combination. Local anaesthetics have myotoxicity in proportion to its concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate microstructural changes in point of the myotoxic effects of the combined solution of lidocaine and dexamethasone (a local anesthetic and a steroid) after being injected into the muscle of BALB/c mice. And this study tested solutions with various concentration separately and in combination, to find out proper concentration of solution without muscular tissue damage. This study shows that lidocaine and dexamethasone combination is not histologically myotoxic in case of the concentration of lidocaine less than 1.5%. Also it is suggested from this study that this combined solution will have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Hereafter continuous study should be performed to reveal that these results can be applied to human when lidocaine and dexamethasone combination is used as an injection modality of TrP treatment.