• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.869-878
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• 2008

최대골질량에 근접할 수 있는 20대 여성들의 골격건강 상태는 중년기 이후 급증하는 골절이나 골다공증 발병과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구는 골격계질환 예방을 위하여 청년층의 식사지침 설정에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자, 20대 여대생들의 골밀도를 측정하여 정상군과 골질환군으로 분류한 후, 신체계측과 식사섭취 상태 등을 조사 비교하고, 골밀도와 관련된 제 요인들을 분석하였다. 대상자들의 골밀도는 WHO에서 분류한 T-score값에 따라 정상군 59명($-0.42{\pm}0.45$), 골감소증군(골다공증 2명+골감소증 41명, $-1.52{\pm}0.41$) 43명이었으며, 골다공증과 골감소증을 나타낸 대상자는 전체 대상자의 약 42%로 나타났다. 평균 연령은 21.43세, 신장, 체중 및 체질량지수(BMI)는 각각 $161.25{\pm}4.77\;cm$, $56.05{\pm}9.20\;kg$과 21.5($kg/m^2$)이었으며 전체 대상자 중 60명(58.8%)만이 정상체중군에 속하였고 골감소증군에서 저체중자의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 정상군과 골감소증군의 신체계측치를 비교했을 때, 체중, 체단백질(protein mass), 무기질(mineral mass), 골격근량(skeletal muscle mass), 제지방량(fat free mass) 및 체수분(total body water) 함량 등이 골감소증군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태를 분석한 결과에서는 한국인영양섭취기준(KDRIs)의 75% 이하로 섭취하고 있는 영양소에는 비타민 C(73%), 엽산(49%), 칼슘(66%)과 칼륨(45%) 등이었고, 영양섭취기준에 비해 높게 섭취하고 있는 영양소에는 단백질(136%), 비타민B6(120%), 인(122%) 및 나트륨(충분섭취량의 256%) 등이었다. 체중 1 kg당 영양소섭취량을 분석 비교한 결과에서는 두 군간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 정상군에 비해 골감소증군에서 에너지섭취량이 다소 높았고, 칼슘은 섭취량자체는 많았지만 동물성칼슘의 비율이 낮게 나타났고, 마그네슘(Mg)의 섭취량도 적게 나타났다. 식품군별 섭취량과 섭취빈도를 분석한 결과에서는, 정상군과 골질환군에서 섭취량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 우유와 유제품의 섭취빈도가 골감소증군에서 다소 낮게 나타났다. Tscore와 관련성을 보인 신체계측지수는 체중(p<0.01), PIBW(p<0.05), 신장(p<0.01), 체단백질(p<0.001), 체지방량(plt;0.05), 무기질(p<0.001), 체수분(p<0.001), 근육량(p<0.001), 제지방량(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.05), 골격근량(p<0.001), 허리둘레(plt;0.05) 및 엉덩이둘레(plt;0.05) 등이었으며, 체중 1 kg당 영양소섭취량과의 관련성에서는 에너지, 단백질, 지질, 당질, 인, 나트륨 및 칼륨이 유의적으로($p<0.05{\sim}p<0.01$) 음(-)의 관련성을 나타내었고, 섭취빈도와의 관련성에서는 우유 및 유제품의 섭취빈도는 양(+)의, 버섯류의 섭취빈도는 음(-)의 유의적인(p<0.05) 관련성을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 최대의 골질량에 근접해야하는 20대 여대생의 골격건강상태는 약 42%의 대상자가 골감소증군으로 나타나, 중년층의 골질환 발병율과 거의 같은 수준을 보였다. 따라서 이에 대한 예방대책이 조속히 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. 골격건강 상태에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 적정 체중유지가 중요한데, 전체 대상자의 약 59%만이 적정체중 범위에 있었고, 골감소증군에서 저체중자의 비율이 높게 나타나 건강체중유지에 대한 교육도 강조되어져야 할 것이다. 식사관련요인에서는 각 영양소의 섭취량 자체도 중요하지만 특히 칼슘, 인, 나트륨, 칼륨 및 마그네슘등의 경우 각 영양소 상호간의 섭취 비율이 골격건강에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다. 취약한 칼슘섭취상태를 보완하기 위한 주요 급원식품으로는, 우유와 유제품의 공급이 우선시되어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

This study quantified 7 trunk muscles' physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) and developed prediction equations for the physiological cross-sectional area as a function of anthropometic variables for Korean people. Nine females and nine males were participated in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans approximately from S1 through T8. Muscle fiber angle corrected cross-sectional areas (anatomical cross sectional areas: ACSAs) were recorded at each vertebral level and maximum value of ACSAs were determined as physiological cross sectional area (PCSA). There was a significant gender difference in PCSAs of all muscles (p<0.05). Stepwise linear regression techniques using anthropometric measures (e.g., height, weight, trunk depths and widths) as independent variables were conducted to develop prediction equations for the PCSA for each muscle. For males, six muscles' significant prediction equations (p<0.05) were developed except quadratus lumborum. For females, three prediction equations were developed for psoas, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae muscles (p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate physical condition, physical fitness, sociodemographic factors, biochemical factors and personality factors of 5th grade students of elementary school. The number of students surveyed was 760 from each school of urban, middle and rural areas. All data analysis was done by BMI group which is based on previous study. 1) The children whose parents were on low education level and mother had a job had lower BMI values than others. Nine percent of male and 21% of female subjects skipped breakfast almost everyday. The 21.7% of all subjects regularly took nutritive pills, which had no difference in various BMI groups. 2) The physical condition of children had a high correlation with that of parents. 3) The physical fitness in BMI 5 groups was weaker than other groups, especially in male. 4) The contents of blood hemoglobin, cholesterol and glucose and hematocrit value were estimated. In female, the values of hemoglobin content and hematocrit had significant difference between BMI groups, but there are no trends. 5) The impulsiveness of male was the highest in BMI 1 group and the lowest in BMI 5 group among 5 groups. Besides, general activity, reflectivity and sociality in BMI 5 group had a low level. In female, personality factors except sociality didn't show any considerable difference.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify lower body types of elementary school girls. The subjects for anthropometric study were 368 girls aged from 10 to 11. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis of the data. Four lower body construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of antropometric measurements. The factors extracted were lower body fatness factor, lower body height factor, lower body length from the waist to the crotch factor, and lower body configuration factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different lower body types were categorized. Type 1 was short and small sized type and 42.4% of subjects belonged under this type. Type 2 was tall and fat type and 22.3% of subjects belonged under this type. Type 3 was the most similar to the average type having the largest waist-hip drop value and 35.3% of subjects belonged under this type. Discriminant analysis showed 7 discriminant factors that can classify the children's lower body type were Rohrer's index, height, fibulae length, waist girth, ilio cristale girth, trochanter girth, and weight.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to determine the nutritional value and nutrients provided by each meal and snack of consumed by university students. Subjects were randomly selected from volunteer students at five universities in Ankara. A sample of 400 students (167 female and 233 male) aged between 19 and 24 years participated in this study. A questionnaire designed to assess general characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and 24 hours dietary records was administered using face to face interviews. According to body mass index classifications, 69.5% of male students, and 77.7% of female students were found to be in the normal weight categories. Overweight categories were found to be 25.1% and 5.6% for males and females, respectively. Breakfast and lunch were the most frequently skipped meals, with a total of 47.7% of students skipping breakfast and 25.2% skipping lunch. The percentages of energy deficiency were found to be 78.4% in males, and 81.1% in females. Dinner was the main meal for consumption of energy and the other nutrients, except saturated fatty acids, for both genders. Also, dinner was the largest contributor of energy in both genders. Students ate more bread, cereals, and meat at dinner than during the other meals and snacks. Fruit was consumed more during snacks than at the other meals by all students. It was concluded that students need more nutritional information about healthy nutritional habits, adequate intake of nutrients, and ideal body weights.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2013

The most researches developing pattern of compression style sportswear were targeted at the live model that has muscular body build. The purpose of this study was developing a method for classifying men's lower body types in terms of muscular body build. The 3D human body scan data and body measurements of 30s of Size Korea were analyzed. The subjects (n=203) were men between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Men's muscular body build was classified with two key dimensions, thigh girth and calf girth. The subjects were divided into four groups. From each group, average subjects (n=42) whose height and weight were close to the mean value ($mean{\pm}1/2$ S.D.) were selected. 42 subjects were divided up as four groups. Group I (n=7) was thigh and calf developed body type. Group II (n=9) was thigh developed body type. Group III (n=11) was calf developed body type. Group IV (n=15) was thigh and calf undeveloped body type. Four groups had distinct different at widths (n=4), depths (n=4), and girths (n=9) dimensions. The results showed that the muscular men in their 30s could be defined by thigh and calf girths. The thigh developed muscular men had thigh girth over 60cm and the calf developed muscular men had calf girth over 38cm. From each group one representative was selected by 3D body scan figure.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to provide the basic 2-dimensional statistics requisite in the siting system and design of gloves. The 64 static measurements were selected to provide information about hands. Participants in the study were 824 adults, aged between 18 and 64. Subjects were divided into four age groups: 18 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, and 50 to 64, and separated according to sex. Statistical tests such as Descriptive Analysis, and Anova were conducted to analyze the data and ascertain the differences among the ages. The disparities between sex groups were compared by T-test. In addition, correlation among the 57 measurements was analyzed and the results were compared to the data from Japanese and other studies. The results indicated that all the measurements were significantly larger in the male group. There were significant differences among age groups for most hand circumferences, breadths and thickness items. As the age increased, the hand circumferences, breadths and thickness items became wider and thicker. In addition, as the age increased, the mean measurement value of the length items decreased, so that it became shorter. Hand length was highly correlated with finger length, palm length and height. Maximum hand circumference II was highly correlated with hand circumferences, hand breadth and weight.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.219-232
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• 1986

A study on establishment of normal range of cardiothoracic ratio calculated from photofluorography film of chest by age and sex in a total of the 6,598 insureds was undertaken. The results were as follows: 1. In male group, the frequency distribution of cardiothoracic ratio was skewed weakly to the right in second decade, symmetrical in third and fourth decade, and was skewed weakly to the left in fifth and sixth decade; in female group, it was skewed weakly to the left in second, third and fourth decade, and was skewed weakly to the right in fifth and sixth decade. 2. On assumption that normal range of cardiothoracic ratio should comprise about 85% of all cardiothoracic ratios in each age group of both sexes, the sites of deviation from mean value of cardiothoracic ratio corresponding to maximum and minimum cardiothoracic ratio in the range of about 85% above mentioned were detected by statistical method on the frequency distribution of log tranformed cardiothoracic ratio, and $M{\pm}1.3$ sindicating normal range of cardiothoracic ratio was determined. In male group, normal range of cardiothoracic ratio determined by statistical method is 35-45%, 40-50%, 40-50%, 40-50% and 40-50% succesively in order from second to sixth decade; in female group, 40-50%, 40-50%, 40-50%, 45-55% and 45-55%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.934-941
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of family type on the nutrient intake and nutritional status in elderly women. Blood samples and anthropometric data of elderly women aged from 60 to 78 years were collected in 1996, who visited a health examination center in Seoul to screen their health status. They were divided into two groups by their family type, one was extended family(extended family elderly, n=37) and the other was independently living(independently living, n=29). Nutrients intake was measured by interview using a simplified questionaire. Albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase activity of serum were analyzed. Intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were not different between the two groups. However, fat and Ca intakes were higher(p<0.05) in extended family elderly than indepen dently living elderly. There are no significant difference in hematocrit value and serum concentrations of Hb, TG, and Ca. Serum Mg and cholesterol levels tended to be higher in extended family elderly. However, serum albumin level was lower(p<0.05) in extended family elderly. These results show that the indepen dently living elderly women had intakes of daily energy, fat and Ca compared to the extended family elderly. Therefore, the nutritional education for the independently living elderly will be focused on the health risk resulted from less intakes of Ca and total energy.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

This study was initiated to develop a methodology for devising Korean virtual models for apparel shopping at internet shopping site. The data base for this study was the Korean National Anthropometric Survey in 1997. The subjects were 493 women and 626 men in 20's. The researchers also measured 88 males and females in age 20's to suggest back and front depth proportions which are not available from the survey. The virtual models' figure types were classified by the heights, drop value and bust(chest) girth. It was evaluated whether it is needed to separate figure type with bust(chest) girth. The body sizes of virtual models were suggested for side view model and front view model in 13cm height. Four female virtual models were suggested for front view and side view. Eight male virtual models were suggested for front view and side view. Each virtual model's height, breadth and depth proportions were calculated. Shoulder breadth. Bust(chest) breadth, waist breadth, hip breadth and proportions were calculated for front view model. The bust(chest) depth, waist depth, abdomen depth, hip depth and proportions were calculated for side view model. Height proportions were suggested for female and male virtual models.