• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

The anthocyanins isolated from raspberries, were studied by column chromatography on polyvinylpyrroldone, paper chromatography, total hydrolysis, partial hydrolysis, color classification and spectroscophy. Four individual pigments were identified as cyanidin 3 digalactoside with caffeic acid, cyanidin 3 diglucoside with caffeic acid, cyanidin-3, 5-diglucoside with caffeic acid and cyanidin-3-monoglucoside with caffeic acid, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

Anthocyanins are water-soluble glycosides and acylglycosides of anthocyanidins, having different color variations due to its substitution patterns. Anthocyanins, present in various fruits, vegetables and crops as natural colorant, have been well characterized for its bioactive properties, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. During extraction and purification, the factors, such as pH, temperature, oxygen, light, enzymes, nucleophilic agents, sugar derivatives and co-pigments, have affected on anthocyanin stability. For this reason, the extraction method should be thoroughly checked for the qualitative/quantitative analysis of anthocyanin in particular plant material. To identify the optimum extraction method of cyanidin-3-glucoside, major anthocyanin of dark purple-colored grains, Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo, Phaselous vulgaris, Phynchosia gngularis, Sesamum indium, Rhynchosia nulubilis and Lablab purpureus, reversed-phase HPLC analysis using solvent system of acetonitrile, methanol and water were accomplished.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2011

This study was a quantitative HPLC analysis of four anthocyanins and five phenolic compounds contained in the skins, vines and seeds of the Campbell Early, Muscat Bailey A and Neo Muscat grape varieties. In the phenolic analysis, the seeds of the Campbell Early were found to contain 1.9, 1.8 and 1.6 times higher quantities of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin relative to other grape seeds. Three anthocyanins, cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin, were also found to be higher in the skins of the Campbell Early relative to other grape skins. Therefore, the Campbell Early is the most useful grape variety with regard to the extraction of these six compounds from these grape seeds and skins. The free radical scavenging effects of grape seeds were also compared, and the results indicated that the Campbell Early seeds were most effective among them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.98.2-98.2
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• 2008

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.160-161
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• 2008

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2007

Four anthocyanins were isolated from the acidic alcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini fruits growing in Egypt: Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-malonyl glucoside, and delphenidin-3-O-glucoside. They were identified by the chromatographic, TLC and PC, and spectral analyses, UV, $^1$H-NMR and FAB/MS. The fruits were found to contain 0.03 gm % anthocyanins calculated on fresh weight basis calculated by spectrophotometric assay. Cytotoxic activity of total alcoholic extract of the fruits was performed against several types of tumor cell lines using the SRB assay. The tested extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity for MCF7 (breast carcinoma cell line) (IC$_{50}$= 5.9 ${\mu}$g/mL), while the IC$_{50}$ was > 10 ${\mu}$g/mL for both Hela (Cervix carcinoma cell line), HEPG2 (liver carcinoma cell line), H460 (Lung carcinoma cell line) and U251 (Brain carcinoma cell line).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1979

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.561-566
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• 2010

Though protein transduction domains (PTDs) are well known for the delivery of exogenous therapeutic proteins into living cells, the overall low efficiency of transduction is a serious obstacle. We investigated the effect of bog blueberry anthocyanins (BBA) on protein transduction efficiency and found that BBA enhanced the transduction efficiencies of Tat-SOD fusion protein into HeLa cells and mice skin. The enzymatic activities in the cells and skin tissue in the presence of BBA were markedly increased compared to controls. Further, BBA did not demonstrate any cell toxicity at various concentrations. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, we suggest that BBA might alter the conformation of the membrane, which would indicate that BBA can be used as a protein transduction enhancer for the efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins for a variety of disorders.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-33
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• 2015

Anthocyanins are water soluble plant pigments which are responsible for the blue, red, pink, violet colors in several plant organs such as flowers, fruits, leaves and roots. In recent years, anthocyanin-rich foods have been favored as dietary supplements and health care products due to diverse biological activities of anthocyanins including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and preventing cardiovascular disease. High-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed-phase medium pressure liquid chromatography (RP MPLC) method was applied for the rapid and efficient isolation of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) from black rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae). The crude black rice extract (500 mg) was subjected to HPCCC using two-phase solvent system composed of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/ acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (TBME/B/A/0.01% TFA, 1 : 3 : 1 : 5, v/v, flow rate - 4.5 mL/min, reversed phase mode) to give enriched anthocyanin extract (37.4 mg), and enriched anthocyanin extract was sequentially chromatographed on RP-MPLC to yield C3G (16.5 mg) and P3G (8.7 mg). The recovery rate and purity of isolated C3G were 76.0% and 98.2%, respectively, and those of P3G were 58.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The present study indicates that HPCCC coupled with RP-MPLC method is more rapid and efficient than multi-step conventional column chromatography for the separation of anthocyanins.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to low pH stress in the range of pH 5.6-4.0 did not show significant retardations in root and shoot growths. Treatment of pH 3.5-2.5 resulted in significant reductions in root and shoot length, especially in roots. Chlorophyll contents in seedlings increased during acid treatment of pH 5.6-4.0, but decreased by stronger acid treatment of pH 4.0 and lower pHs. Total carotenoid contents showed similar trend to chlorophyll contents by increasing during pH 5.6-3.5 treatments and decreasing by pH 3.0-2.5. Anthocyanin contents increased under acid stress of pH 5.6-3.0 and showed great reduction at pH 2.5. The ratios of carotenoids/chlorophylls and anthocyanins/chlorophylls increased by acid stress treatments. That indicates plants try to adjust physiologically to acid stress and protect chlorophylls by increasing carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. However, different responses of chlorophylls and anthocyanins to acid stress indicate both pigments play different roles in protecting plant from acid stress.